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GLONASS (Russian ГЛОНАСС; ГЛОбальная НАвигационная Спутниковая Система; Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema. GLObal NAvigation Satellite System) is a radio satellite navigation system, the Russian counterpart to the United States' GPS system and the European Union's embryonic Galileo positioning system. It is operated for the Russian government by the Russian Space Forces. Image File history File links Glonass. ...
Image File history File links Glonass. ...
Satellite navigation systems allow small electronic devices to determine their location (Longitude, Latitude, and Altitude) in within a few metres using time signals transmitted along a line of sight by radio from satellites. ...
Over fifty GPS satellites such as this NAVSTAR have been launched since 1978. ...
The Galileo positioning system is a proposed satellite navigation system, to be built by the European Union (EU) as an alternative to the US military-controlled Global Positioning System and the Russian GLONASS. The system should be operational by 2010, two years later than originally anticipated. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
At peak efficiency the system offered a standard (coarse-acquisition or C/A) positioning and timing service giving horizontal positioning accuracy within 57-70 meters, vertical positioning within 70 meters, velocity vector measuring within 15 cm/s and timing within 1 µs, all based on measurements from four satellite signals simultaneously. A more accurate signal (precision or P(Y)) was available for Russian military use.
Like GPS, the complete nominal GLONASS constellation consists of 24 satellites, 21 operating and three on-orbit 'spares' placed in three orbital planes. Each plane contains eight satellites identified by "slot" number, which defines the corresponding orbital plane and the location within the plane: 1-8, 9-16, 17-24. The three orbital planes are separated by 120°, and the satellites equally spaced within the same orbital plane, 45° apart. The GLONASS orbits are roughly circular, with an inclination of about 64.8° and a semi-major axis of 25,440 km. The planes themselves have 15° argument of latitude displacement. A group of electronic satellites working in concert is known as a satellite constellation. ...
GLONASS constellation orbits the Earth at an altitude of 19,100 km (slightly lower than that of the GPS satellites). Each satellite completes an orbit in approximately 11 hours, 15 minutes. The spacing of the satellites in orbits is arranged so that a minimum of 5 satellites are in view at any given time.
GLONASS satellite transmits two types of signal: standard precision (SP) and high precision (HP). SP signal L1 have a frequency division multiple access in L-band: L1= 1602 MHz + n0.5625 MHz, where n is frequency channel number (n=0,1,2...).
All satellites have been launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome. The first three test satellites were placed in orbit in October 1982 with the first operational satellites entering service in December 1983. The system was intended to be operational in 1991, it was announced to be operational on September 24, 1993 but the constellation was not completed until December 1995. The Baikonur Cosmodrome (Kazakh: Байқоңыр ғарыш айлағы, Bayqoñır ÄŸarış aylağı; Russian: КоÑмодром Байконур, Kosmodrom Baykonur), also called Tyuratam, is the worlds oldest and largest working space launch facility. ...
September 24 is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years). ...
1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ...
A characteristic of the GLONASS constellation is that the satellite orbits repeat after 8 days. As each orbit plane contains 8 satellites, there is a non-identical repeat (i.e., another satellite will occupy the same place in the sky) after one sidereal day. This differs from the GPS identical repeat period of one sidereal day. On a prograde planet like the Earth, the sidereal day is shorter than the solar day. ...
Due to the economic situation in Russia there were only eight satellites in operation in April 2002 rendering it almost useless as a navigation aid. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (828x463, 94 KB) Summary Current status and future plans for developement of GLONASS Russian sattelite navigation sytem Picture taken from http://www. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (828x463, 94 KB) Summary Current status and future plans for developement of GLONASS Russian sattelite navigation sytem Picture taken from http://www. ...
Since the economic situation in Russia has improved, 14 satellites were in operation by December 2005. After two failures in 2006 this number is down to 12 as of April 2006. Additionally, an advanced GLONASS satellite, the GLONASS-M, with an operational lifetime of 7 years, has been developed. A 3-satellite block of this new version was launched on 26 December 2004. A further improved GLONASS-K satellite, with a reduced weight and an increased operational lifetime of 10-12 years, is due to enter service in 2008. Reducing its weight by 50% will allow to significantly lower launch costs by using Soyuz-U launch vehicles. All GLONASS satellites to date have been launched by more powerful Proton launch vehicles. December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, 361st in leap years. ...
2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Following a joint venture deal with the Indian Government, which will launch two GLONASS-M satellites on its GSLV rockets, it is proposed to have the system fully operational again by 2008 with 18 satellites, providing full coverage of Russia territory, and by 2010 with all 24 satellites. During the December 2005 summit between Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Russian President Vladimir Putin, it was agreed that India would share the development costs of the GLONASS-K series and launch them from India. The GSLV or Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle was developed by India (Indian Space Research Organization) to launch satellites into geostationary orbit. ...
Dr. Manmohan Singh (Punjabi: , Hindi: ) is the 14th, and current Prime Minister of India. ...
(Russian: ВладиÌмир ВладиÌмирович ПуÌтин, VladÃmir VladÃmirovich Pútin; born October 7, 1952) is a Russian politician, and the current President of the Russian Federation. ...
See also
Multilateration, also known as hyperbolic positioning, is the process of locating an object by accurately computing the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of a signal emitted from the object to three or more receivers. ...
External links - http://www.glonass-center.ru/
- http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/453562.cms
- http://www.skyrocket.de/space/doc_sdat/uragan-m.htm
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