The GNU logo, drawn by Etienne Suvasa GNU is a recursive acronym for "GNU's Not Unix". The GNU project was launched in 1983 by Richard Stallman with the goal of creating a complete operating system -- called the GNU system or simply GNU -- that is free software, meaning that users are allowed to copy, modify and redistribute it. The GNU project is now carried out under the auspices of the Free Software Foundation (FSF). Stallman has suggested that GNU be pronounced guh-noo (IPA: /gnu/ or [gəˈnu]), with a hard "g", to distinguish it from the animal gnu. However, both forms of the pronunciation are commonly used. Download high resolution version (720x720, 40 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: GNU GNU General Public License Image:Auschwitz I Entrance. ...
Download high resolution version (720x720, 40 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: GNU GNU General Public License Image:Auschwitz I Entrance. ...
A logotype, commonly known as a logo, is the graphic element of a trademark or brand, which is set in a special typeface/font, or arranged in a particular, but legible, way. ...
A recursive acronym is an acronym (or occasionally, a backronym) which refers to itself in the expression for which it stands, similar to a recursive abbreviation. ...
1983 is an integer and composite number that represents a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Richard Matthew Stallman, a. ...
In computing, an operating system (OS) is the system software responsible for the direct control and management of hardware and basic system operations. ...
Free software is software which is free as in freedom, not as in beer (also refered to as libre or freedom software as distinct from gratis or no cost software). ...
Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a non-profit organisation founded in 1985 by Richard Stallman to support the free software movement (free as in freedom), and in particular the GNU project. ...
Symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet. ...
For the GNUs Not Unix computing project, see GNU. Species Connochaetes taurinus Connochaetes gnou Reference: The Columbia Encyclopedia The wildebeest (from Dutch wild animal), also called gnu (pronounced noo, or nyoo), is a large hooved (ungulate) mammal of the genus Connochaetes, which includes two species, both native to Africa...
The GNU project has developed a large number of high-quality and widely-used free software programs, including the text editor Emacs, the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), and the GNU Debugger (GDB). The GNU system is often combined with the kernel Linux, which is not part of the GNU project, to form a completely functional operating system. This system is commonly referred to as "Linux", though the FSF has argued it be called "GNU/Linux" to acknowledge the GNU project's technical contribution of the GNU system and promote the GNU philosophy; for details, see GNU/Linux naming controversy. Computer software (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of a computer for some purpose. ...
Notepad is the standard text editor for Microsoft Windows A text editor is a piece of computer software for editing plain text. ...
This article is about the text editor. ...
The GNU Compiler Collection (usually shortened to GCC) is a set of programming language compilers produced by the GNU Project. ...
The GNU Debugger, usually called just GDB, is the standard debugger for the GNU software system. ...
In computer science, the kernel is the fundamental part of an operating system. ...
The Linux mascot Tux created by Larry Ewing. ...
In computing, an operating system (OS) is the system software responsible for the direct control and management of hardware and basic system operations. ...
Tux, a lovable and cuddly penguin sitting down after having gorged itself on herring, is the official Linux mascot. ...
FSF artwork of the gnu (GNU mascot) and the penguin Tux (Linux kernel mascot) representing GNU/Linux. The GNU General Public License, which is used by Linux as well as most GNU software, armors both characters. ...
It is also common and known to find components of GNU installed on proprietary UNIX systems, in place of the original UNIX programs. This is because many of the programs written for the GNU project have proven to be of a superior quality to the equivalent UNIX versions. However, due to the fact that some tools aren't POSIX compliant another reason is that with the rise of Linux (which uses the GNU toolset) as the "UNIX" operating system of choice many systems need to use the GNU toolset instead of their originals to keep compatibility with the newer systems that use Linux. Often, these components are collectively referred to as the "GNU Tools". Many GNU programs have also been ported to Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and various other proprietary platforms. The Single UNIX Specification (SUS) is the collective name of a family of standards for computer operating systems to qualify for the name Unix. The SUS is developed and maintained by the Austin Group, based on earlier work by the IEEE and The Open Group. ...
Tux, a lovable and cuddly penguin sitting down after having gorged itself on herring, is the official Linux mascot. ...
In computing, an operating system (OS) is the system software responsible for the direct control and management of hardware and basic system operations. ...
Microsoft Windows is a range of commercial operating environments for personal computers. ...
Mac OS X is the latest version of the Mac OS, the operating system software for Macintosh computers. ...
History
 The GNU project was announced publically on September 27, 1983, on the net.unix-wizards and net.usoft newsgroups. Work on the project began in earnest on January 5, 1984, when Stallman quit his job at MIT so that they could not claim ownership and interfere with distributing GNU as free software. The original announcement was followed by Stallman's "GNU Manifesto" and other essays that laid out his motivations for the GNU project, one of which was to "bring back the cooperative spirit that prevailed in the computing community in earlier days." from http://www. ...
September 27 is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 95 days remaining. ...
1983 is an integer and composite number that represents a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
A newsgroup is a repository, usually within the Usenet system, for messages posted from many users at different locations. ...
January 5 is the 5th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, is a research institution and university located in the city of Cambridge, Massachusetts directly across the Charles River from Bostons Back Bay district. ...
The GNU Manifesto was written by Richard Stallman at the beginning of the GNU Project, to ask for participation and support. ...
UNIX, a proprietary operating system, was already in widespread use when GNU was proposed. Since Unix's architecture had proven technically sound, the GNU system was designed to be compatible with it. The UNIX architecture allowed GNU to be written as individual software components. Components that were already freely available, such as the TeX typesetting system and the X Window graphics system, would be adapted and reused, while components that were not would be written from scratch. UNIX is a portable, multi-tasking and multi-user computer operating system originally developed by a group of AT&T Bell Labs employees including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and Douglas McIlroy. ...
Proprietary software is a term used to describe software in which the user does not control what it does or cannot study or edit the code, in contrast to free software. ...
The TeX mascot, by Duane Bibby TEX, written as TeX in plain text, is a typesetting system created by Donald Knuth. ...
In computing, the X Window System (commonly X11 or X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays. ...
In 1985, Stallman founded the Free Software Foundation (FSF), a tax-exempt non-profit organization, to provide logistical, legal, and financial support for the GNU project. The FSF also employed programmers to contribute to GNU, though a substantial portion of development was (and continues to be) performed by volunteers. As GNU gained prominence, interested businesses began contributing to development or selling GNU software and technical support. The most prominent and successful of these was Cygnus Solutions, now part of Red Hat. 1985 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a non-profit organisation founded in 1985 by Richard Stallman to support the free software movement (free as in freedom), and in particular the GNU project. ...
A non-profit organization (often called non-profit org or simply non-profit or not-for-profit) can be seen as an organization that doesnt have a primary purpose to make a profit. ...
In computing, a programmer is someone who does computer programming and develops computer software. ...
Cygnus Solutions, originally Cygnus Support, was founded in 1989 by John Gilmore, Michael Tiemann and David Henkel-Wallace to provide commercial support for free software. ...
For the corporation that produces Red Hat Enterprise Linux, see Red Hat. ...
In order to ensure that GNU software remains free, the project released the first version of the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) in 1989. This license is now used by most GNU programs, as well as a large number of free software programs that are not part of the GNU project; it is one of the most commonly-used free software licenses in the world. It gives all recipients of a program the right to run, copy, modify and distribute it, while forbidding them from imposing further restrictions on any copies they distribute. This idea is referred to as copyleft. The GNU logo The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project (a project to create a complete free software operating system). ...
1989 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Generally speaking, free software license is a phrase used by the free software movement to mean any software license that meets the free software definition of the Free Software Foundation (FSF). ...
The reversed c is the copyleft symbol. ...
By 1990, the GNU system had an extensible text editor (Emacs), a very successful optimizing compiler (GCC), and most of the core libraries and utilities of a standard UNIX distribution. The main component still missing was the kernel. In the GNU Manifesto, Stallman had mentioned that "an initial kernel exists but many more features are needed to emulate Unix." He was referring to TRIX, a remote procedure call kernel developed at MIT, whose authors had decided to distribute for free, and was compatible with UNIX version 7. In December 1986, work had started on modifying this kernel. However, the developers eventually decided it was unusable as a starting point, primarily because it only ran on "an obscure, expensive 68000 box" and would therefore have to be ported to other architectures before it could be used. By 1988, the Mach message-passing kernel being developed at CMU was being considered instead, although it was delayed while its developers removed code owned by AT&T. Initially, the kernel was to be called Alix, but developer Michael Bushnell later preferred the name Hurd, so the Alix name was moved to a subsystem and eventually dropped completely. Eventually, development of the Hurd had stalled due to technical and personality conflicts. 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Notepad is the standard text editor for Microsoft Windows A text editor is a piece of computer software for editing plain text. ...
This article is about the text editor. ...
A diagram of the operation of an ideal compiler. ...
The GNU Compiler Collection (usually shortened to GCC) is a set of programming language compilers produced by the GNU Project. ...
In computer science, the kernel is the fundamental part of an operating system. ...
Early Unix releases were named based on the edition of the documentation that described them. ...
1986 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
In computer science, porting is the adaptation of a piece of software so that it will function in a different computing environment to that for which it was originally written. ...
1988 is a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Mach is an operating system kernel developed at Carnegie-Mellon University to support operating system research, primarily distributed and parallel computation. ...
Carnegie Mellon University is a private research university located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ...
AT&T (formerly an abbreviation for American Telephone and Telegraph) Corporation (NYSE: T) is an American telecommunications company. ...
The GNU Hurd is a Unix-like kernel that sets the base for the GNU operating system. ...
In 1991, Linus Torvalds wrote the UNIX-compatible Linux kernel. Although it was not originally free software, Torvalds changed the license to the GNU GPL in 1992. Linux was further developed by various programmers over the Internet. In 1992, it was combined with the GNU system, resulting in a fully functional free operating system. The GNU system is most commonly encountered in this form, usually referred to as a "GNU/Linux system" or a "Linux distribution". As of 2005, Hurd is in active development, and is now the official kernel of the GNU system. There is also a project working on porting the GNU system to the kernels of FreeBSD and NetBSD. 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Linus Torvalds Linus Benedict Torvalds (born December 28, 1969) began the development of Linux, an operating system kernel, and today acts as the project coordinator (or Benevolent Dictator for Life). ...
Tux, a lovable and cuddly penguin sitting down after having gorged itself on herring, is the official Linux mascot. ...
1992 is a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
In computing, an operating system (OS) is the system software responsible for the direct control and management of hardware and basic system operations. ...
...
A Linux distribution or GNU/Linux distribution (or a distro) is a Unix-like operating system plus application software comprising the Linux kernel, the GNU operating system, assorted free software and sometimes proprietary software, all created by individuals, groups or organizations from around the world. ...
2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The GNU Hurd is a Unix-like kernel that sets the base for the GNU operating system. ...
GNU software Some of the software developed by the GNU project are: The GNU project also distributes and assists with the development of other packages which originated elsewhere, e.g.: System software is a generic term referring to any computer software whose purpose is to help run the computer system. ...
GNU bison is a free parser generator computer program written for the GNU project, and available for virtually all common operating systems. ...
A compiler-compiler or parser generator is a utility for generating the source code of a parser, interpreter or compiler from an annotated language description in the form of a grammar (usually in BNF) plus code that is associated with each of the rules of the grammar that should be...
Yacc is a piece of computer software that serves as the standard parser generator on Unix systems. ...
This article is about the UNIX shell named Bash. ...
A Unix shell, also called the command line, provides the traditional user interface for the Unix operating system. ...
The Binary File Descriptor library, most commonly seen as just BFD, is the GNU projects main mechanism for the portable manipulation of object files in a variety of formats. ...
In computer science, a library is a collection of subprograms used to develop software. ...
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
Wikibooks has more about this subject: Programming:Java Java is an object-oriented programming language developed initially by James Gosling and colleagues at Sun Microsystems. ...
Coreutils is a package of GNU software containing many of the basic tools such as cat, ls, and rm needed for Unix-like operating systems to function. ...
The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
This article is about the text editor. ...
Notepad is the standard text editor for Microsoft Windows A text editor is a piece of computer software for editing plain text. ...
Glibc, also known as libc6, is the GNU projects Standard C library. ...
The Single UNIX Specification (SUS) is the collective name of a family of standards for computer operating systems to qualify for the name Unix. The SUS is developed and maintained by the Austin Group, based on earlier work by the IEEE and The Open Group. ...
The C Programming Language, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, the original edition that served for many years as an informal specification of the language The C programming language is a low-level standardized programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for use on the...
The GNU toolchain is a blanket term given to the programming tools produced by the GNU project. ...
The GNU Binutils is a collection of programming tools developed by the Free Software Foundation for the manipulation of object code in various object file formats. ...
This article is about a computing term. ...
A linker or link editor is a program that takes one or more objects generated by compilers and assembles them into a single executable program. ...
The GNU build system, also called the GNU Autotools is a suite of tools produced by the GNU project that assist in making packages portable to many UNIX-like systems. ...
Automake is a programming tool that produces portable makefiles for use by the make program, used in compiling software. ...
Autoconf is a tool for producing shell scripts that automatically configure software source code packages to adapt to many kinds of UNIX-like systems. ...
GNU Libtool is a GNU programming tool from the GNU build system used for creating portable software libraries. ...
The GNU Compiler Collection (usually shortened to GCC) is a set of programming language compilers produced by the GNU Project. ...
A diagram of the operation of an ideal compiler. ...
A programming language or computer language is a standardized communication technique for expressing instructions to a computer. ...
The C Programming Language, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, the original edition that served for many years as an informal specification of the language The C programming language is a low-level standardized programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for use on the...
C++ (pronounced see plus plus) is a general-purpose computer programming language. ...
Fortran (also FORTRAN) is a statically typed, compiled, programming language originally developed in the 1950s and still heavily used for scientific computing and numerical computation half a century later. ...
Ada is a structured, statically typed programming language, designed by Jean Ichbiah of CII Honeywell Bull in the 1970s. ...
Wikibooks has more about this subject: Programming:Java Java is an object-oriented programming language developed initially by James Gosling and colleagues at Sun Microsystems. ...
The GNU Debugger, usually called just GDB, is the standard debugger for the GNU software system. ...
A debugger is a computer program that is used to debug (and sometimes test or optimize) other programs. ...
The GNU MDK (GNU MIX Development Kit) is a software package for developing, running and debugging programs written in MIXAL, an assembly-like language for programming a fictional computer called MIX. Both MIX and MIXAL were created by mathematician and computer scientist Donald Knuth in the first volume of his...
Audio_mixing, remix, mix tape Mix Cascade: Mix Server are proxies which can hide your identity during Internet-sessions Dr. Erich Mix, mayor of Wiesbaden, 1954 - 1960 ...
This article is in need of attention. ...
GNU Texinfo is a free computer program for generating documentation in multiple formats from a single source file. ...
Wget is a GNU free software tool that permits advanced file retrieval from networks and the Internet. ...
GNUnet is a framework for decentralized, peer-to-peer networking. ...
DotGNU is a project for devising Web Services, software componentry and the like. ...
Microsoft . ...
The GNU Hurd is a Unix-like kernel that sets the base for the GNU operating system. ...
In computer science, the kernel is the fundamental part of an operating system. ...
Application software is a subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly to a task that the user wishes to perform. ...
Often, the name GIMP is used erroneously for the Gimp-Print printer driver set. ...
The GNU Linear Programming Kit (GLPK) is a software package intended for solving large-scale linear programming (LP), mixed integer programming (MIP), and other related problems. ...
In mathematics, linear programming (LP) problems are optimization problems in which the objective function and the constraints are all linear. ...
This article or section should be merged with integer programming In optimization theory, mixed integer linear programming (MILP or MIP) problems are linear programming problems in which some variables are additionally required to be integers. ...
The GNU Multiple-Precision Library, also known as GMP, is a bignum library from the GNU Project. ...
Arbitrary precision mathematical libraries allow computer programs to perform calculations and then specify how many digits will be used for the result. ...
In computer science, a library is a collection of subprograms used to develop software. ...
Lawn Gnome A gnome is a mythical creature characterized by small stature and living underground. ...
GNU LilyPond is a free software program for engraving sheet music. ...
Octave is a free computer program for performing numerical computations, which is mostly compatible with MATLAB. It is part of the GNU project. ...
MATLAB refers to both the numerical computing environment and to its core programming language. ...
The GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG or GPG) is a free software replacement for the PGP suite of cryptographic software, released under the GNU General Public License. ...
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is a computer program which provides cryptographic privacy and authentication. ...
GNU Robots is a computer game for programmers. ...
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
GNUstep is a free software implementation of NeXTs OpenStep Objective-C libraries (called frameworks), widget toolkit, and application development tools not only for Unix-like operating systems, but also for Microsoft Windows. ...
OpenStep is an open object-oriented API specification for an object-oriented operating system that uses any modern operating system as its core, principly developed by NeXT. It is important to recognize that while OpenStep is an API specification, OPENSTEP (all capitalized) is a specific implementation of this OpenStep developed...
Guile is: programming language video game character This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
The Scheme programming language is a functional programming language and a dialect of Lisp. ...
- CVS – source code control
- DDD – graphical frontend for debuggers
- eCos – small operating system for embedded devices
- gzip – a library and program for data compression
As of January 2004, there are a total of 260 projects under the GNU project [1] (http://savanah.gnu.org/search/?type_of_search=soft&words=%%%&type=1). The Concurrent Versions System (CVS), also known as the Concurrent Versioning System, implements a version control system: it keeps track of all work and all changes in a set of files, typically the implementation of a software project, and allows several (potentially widely separated) developers to collaborate. ...
DDD can refer to, among others: Data Display Debugger the Delta Delta Delta sorority Dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethane, see DDT Direct Distance Dialing Die Deterioration Doubling, see also die making This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
ECOS is the quarterly journal of the British Association of Nature Conservationists. ...
The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
In computer science, data compression or source coding is the process of encoding information using fewer bits, or information units, thanks to specific encoding schemes. ...
Speakers The following are official speakers for the GNU project [2] (http://www.gnu.org/people/speakers.html): Robert (aka Bob) Chassell was one of the founding directors of Free Software Foundation (FSF) in 1985. ...
Georg C. F. Greve (born March 10, 1973 in Helgoland, Germany) is initiator and president of the Free Software Foundation Europe. ...
He was Chief Executive of Free Software Foundation and is now CTO of Software Freedom Law Center (SFLC). ...
Eben Moglen is a professor of law and history of law at Columbia University, serves pro bono as General Counsel for Free Software Foundation, and is the Chairman of Software Freedom Law Center. ...
Richard Matthew Stallman, a. ...
See also File links The following pages link to this file: Abu Dhabi Abraham Lincoln Australia Adolf Hitler Animation Andorra Alaska Anatomy Asia Albert Einstein Asterales Automobile Aircraft Alexander Graham Bell Apple Computer American Civil War Ancient Egypt Asteraceae Alps Arches National Park Aarhus Almond Caesar Augustus Acacia Acropolis Acupuncture Amaranth Alexander...
The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free images, sound and other multimedia files. ...
Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a non-profit organisation founded in 1985 by Richard Stallman to support the free software movement (free as in freedom), and in particular the GNU project. ...
The Free Software Movement began in 1983 when Richard Stallman announced the GNU project. ...
Free content is any kind of functional work, artwork, or other creative content upon which no legal restriction has been placed that significantly interferes with peoples freedom to use, understand, redistribute, improve, and share the content. ...
Open standards are publicly available specifications for achieving a specific task. ...
The reversed c is the copyleft symbol. ...
This is a list of the software packages developed for or maintained by the Free Software Foundation for GNU, a free UNIX compatible operating system whose development started in 1984. ...
External links - Official Website (http://www.gnu.org/)
- gnu-system-discuss mailing list, technical discussion about the GNU system (http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/gnu-system-discuss/)
- Stallman's 1983 announcement of the GNU project (http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&selm=771%40mit-eddie.UUCP)
- Stallman gives a lengthy personal account of the project and its history (http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html)
- The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource, Stallman's essay concerning a GNU encyclopedia (http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.html)
- GNU-friends, a discussion forum (http://www.gnu-friends.org/special/about)
- Sourceforge ports of GNU utilities for Win32 (http://unxutils.sourceforge.net/)
- Sourceforge-like site for GNU software development projects (https://savannah.gnu.org/)
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