History: GNU Manifesto • GNU Project • Free Software Foundation (FSF) • History of free software
GNU licenses: GNU General Public License (GPL) • GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) • GNU Free Documentation License (FDL)
Software: GNU operating system • bash • GNU Compiler Collection • Emacs • GNU C Library • Coreutils • GNU build system • other GNU packages and programs
Speakers: Robert J. Chassell • Loïc Dachary • Ricardo Galli • Georg C. F. Greve • Federico Heinz • Bradley M. Kuhn • Eben Moglen • Richard Stallman • Len Tower
Filiation of Unix and Unix-like systems Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX®) is a computer operating system originally developed in the 1960s and 1970s by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy. ... A command line interface or CLI is a method of interacting with a computer by giving it lines of textual commands (that is, a sequence of characters) either from keyboard input or from a script. ... This is a list of Unix programs. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... chattr is a UNIX program that allows a user to set certain attributes to a file. ... The chdir or cd command (change directory) in the Unix and DOS operating systems, is used to change the current working directory. ... The chmod command (abbreviated from change mode) is a shell command in Unix and Unix-like environments. ... chown is a Unix command used to change the recorded owner of a computer file. ... The chgrp command is used by unprivileged users on Unix-like systems to change the group associated with a file. ... cp is the command entered in a Unix shell to copy a file from one place to another, possibly on a different filesystem. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... file is a program originated in Unix that runs under the shell (command-line) to determine the file type heuristically instead of other simpler ways to classify it, like with file extensions, MIMEs, etc. ... The system utility fsck (for file system check or file system consistency check) is a tool for checking the consistency of a file system in the Unix system and clones thereof. ... The ln command is used on Unix-like systems to create links between files. ... LS may refer to: .ls, the Internet top-level domain for Lesotho Jet2. ... lsof is a command found in almost any Unix system that reports open files by processes of a Operating System. ... The mkdir command in the Unix operating system is used to make a new directory. ... ... The correct title of this article is . ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... split is a Unix utility most commonly used to split a file into one or more other files. ... touch is a standard Unix program used to change a files access and modification timestamps. ... The at command is used to schedule commands to be executed once at a particular time in the future. ... A chroot on Unix operating systems is an operation which changes the root directory. ... The correct title of this article is . ... Exit is a command used in many operating system command line shells. ... Wikibooks has more about this subject: kill In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, kill is a command used to send simple messages to processes running on the system. ... killall is a command line utility initially written for use with the GNU/Linux operating systems. ... nice (IPA pronunciation: ) is a command found on UNIX and other POSIX-like operating systems such as Linux. ... pgrep is a command line utility initially written for use with the Solaris 7 operating systems and then ported to GNU/Linux. ... pidof is a Linux utility that returns the process ID (PID) of a running process. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... sleep is an instruction for a computer that delays execution for a specified period of time. ... This article is about a Unix command. ... In many Unix-like operating systems, the top command produces a constantly-updated list of all resident processes, listed in order of CPU usage. ... The correct title of this article is . ... In Unix, watch runs the specified command repeatedly and displays the output on stdout so you can watch it change over time. ... env is a shell utility for Unix-like operating systems (including Linux). ... In computer networking, the Name/Finger protocol and the Finger user information protocol are simple network protocols for the exchange of human-oriented status and user information. ... In computer software, id is a program in Unix operating systems that prints the uid of the account of which the program is executed by. ... mesg is a Unix command that sets or reports the permission other users have to write to your terminal using the talk and write commands. ... passwd is a tool on most Unix and Linux systems used to change a users password. ... The Unix su (substitute user) command is used to assume the login shell of another user without logging out. ... sudo (superuser do) is a program in Unix, Linux, and similar operating systems such as Mac OS X that allows users to run programs in the guise of another user (normally in the guise of the systems superuser). ... In computer software, uname is a program in Unix operating systems that prints the name, version and other details about the running operating system. ... Uptime is a measure of the time a computer system has been up and running. ... The command w on many Unix-like operating systems provides a quick summary of every user logged into a computer, what that user is currently doing, and what load all the activity is imposing on the computer itself. ... wall is a Unix command line utility. ... who is a Unix-command which creates almost the same output as the Unix-command w; it shows you users currently logged in a system. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... write can refer to several Unix commands. ... AWK is a general purpose computer language that is designed for processing text-based data, either in files or data streams. ... The comm command in Unix is a utility that is used to compare two files. ... cut is a Unix command which is typically used to extract a certain range of characters from a line, usually from a file. ... ex, short for EXtended, is a line editor for Unix systems. ... head is a program that shows the first 10 lines by default of a file or piped data, on Unix and Unix-like systems. ... iconv is a computer program and a standardized API used to convert between different character encodings. ... join is a command in Unix-like operating systems. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Example output of the more command. ... Paste is a Unix utility tool which is used to join files horizontally (parallel merging), e. ... The correct title of this article is . ... sort is a standard Unix command line program that prints the lines of its input in sorted order. ... tail is a program on Unix and Unix-like systems used to display the last few lines of a text file or piped data. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... uniq is a Unix utility which, when fed a text file, outputs the file with adjacent identical lines collapsed to one. ... wc (short for word count) is a command in Unix-like operating systems. ... xargs is a command of the Unix and most Unix-like operating system which eases passing command output to another command as command line arguments. ... In computing, a shell is a piece of software that provides an interface for users (command line interpreter). ... echo is a command in Unix (and by extension, its descendants, such as Linux) and MS-DOS that places a string on the terminal. ... expr is a command line Unix utility which evaluates an expression and outputs the corresponding value. ... Several programming languages implement a printf function, to output a formatted string. ... unset is a Unix shell command. ... The Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) is a modularised computer printing system for Unix-like operating systems that allows computers to act as powerful print servers. ... inetd is a daemon on many Unix systems that manages Internet services. ... Screenshot of netstat in Windows XP Professional netstat is a command-line tool that displays a list of the active network connections the computer currently has, both incoming and outgoing. ... For other uses, see Ping (disambiguation). ... In computing, rlogin is a Unix software utility that allows users to log in on another host via a network, communicating via TCP port 513. ... tracert in action on Windows XP. traceroute, or tracepath on modern Linux systems, tracert on Windows operating system, is a TCP/IP utility which allows the user to determine the route packets take to reach a particular host. ... For the EP by Hidden in Plain View, see Find (EP) The find program is a search utility, mostly found on Unix-like platforms. ... grep is a command line utility that was originally written for use with the Unix operating system. ... In computer software, strings is a program in Unix-like operating systems that prints the strings found in an executable. ... The banner program displays a large ASCII art version of input text. ... bc is an arbitrary precision calculator language with syntax similar to the C programming language. ... cal is a standard program on Unix that prints an ASCII calendar of the given month or year. ... The man page on man Almost all substantial UNIX and Unix-like operating systems have extensive documentation known as man pages (short for manual pages). The Unix command used to display them is man. ... size is a command line utility originally written for use with the Unix-like operating systems. ... yes is a Unix command. ... The GNU logo, drawn by Etienne Suvasa The GNU Project was announced in 1983 by Richard Stallman. ... The GNU Manifesto was written by Richard Stallman at the beginning of the GNU Project, to ask for participation and support. ... The GNU logo, drawn by Etienne Suvasa The GNU Project was announced in 1983 by Richard Stallman. ... The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a non-profit corporation founded in October 1985 by Richard Stallman to support the free software movement (free as in freedom), and in particular the GNU project. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The GNU logo The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a widely-used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project. ... GNU logo The GNU Lesser General Public License (formerly the GNU Library General Public License) is a free software license published by the Free Software Foundation. ... GNU logo (similar in appearance to a gnu) The GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL or simply GFDL) is a copyleft license for free content, designed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU project. ... GNU (pronounced ) is a computer operating system - consisting of a kernel, libraries, system utilities, compilers, and end-user application software - composed entirely of free software. ... Bash is a Unix shell written for the GNU Project. ... The GNU Compiler Collection (usually shortened to GCC) is a set of programming language compilers produced by the GNU Project. ... Emacs is a class of text editors, possessing an extensive set of features, that are popular with computer programmers and other technically proficient computer users. ... Glibc is the GNU projects C standard library. ... The GNU build system is a suite of tools produced by the GNU project that assist in making packages portable to many UNIX-like systems. ... This is an incomplete list of the software packages developed for or maintained by the Free Software Foundation for GNU, a free UNIX-compatible operating system whose development started in 1984. ... Robert (aka Bob) Chassell was one of the founding directors of Free Software Foundation (FSF) in 1985. ... Loïc Dachary is a pioneer of the GNU Project and notably active in free software development since 1987. ... Ricardo Adolph Galli Granada, also known as Ricardo de Software Libre or Gallir, is doctor of computer science at the University of the Balearic Islands, where he teaches operating system design. ... Georg C. F. Greve (born March 10, 1973 in Helgoland, Germany) is initiator and president of the Free Software Foundation Europe. ... Federico Heinz is a Latin-American programmer and Free Software advocate living in Argentina. ... He was Chief Executive of Free Software Foundation and is now CTO of Software Freedom Law Center (SFLC). ... Eben Moglen Eben Moglen is a professor of law and history of law at Columbia University, serves pro bono as General Counsel for the Free Software Foundation, and is the Chairman of Software Freedom Law Center. ... Richard Matthew Stallman (often substituted as RMS) (born March 16, 1953) is an acclaimed software freedom activist, hacker, and software developer. ... Leonard (Len) H. Tower Jr. ...