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Encyclopedia > GNUtella

Gnutella (pronounced: /nʊˈtɛlə/ with a silent g, or alternatively /gnʊˈtɛlə/) is a file sharing network. As of December 2005, Gnutella was the third-most-popular file sharing network on the Internet, following eDonkey 2000 and FastTrack. In June of 2005, Gnutella's population was 1.81 million computers. [1] Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... File sharing is the activity of making files available to other users for download over the Internet, but also over smaller networks. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The correct title of this article is . ... FastTrack is a peer-to-peer protocol, used by the Kazaa (and variants, Grokster and iMesh) file sharing programs. ...

Contents

History

The first client was developed by Justin Frankel and Tom Pepper of Nullsoft in early 2000, soon after the company's acquisition by AOL. On March 14, the program was made available for download on Nullsoft's servers. The event was prematurely announced on Slashdot, and thousands downloaded the program that day. The source code was to be released later, supposedly under the GNU General Public License (GPL). Justin Frankel is an American computer programmer best known for his work on the Winamp media player application and for inventing the Gnutella peer-to-peer system. ... Tom Pepper (born August 25, 1975 in Des Moines, Iowa) is a computer programmer best known for his collaboration with Justin Frankel on the invention of the Gnutella peer-to-peer system. ... Nullsoft is a software house founded in 1997 by Justin Frankel. ... For other uses, see AOL (disambiguation). ... is the 73rd day of the year (74th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This section needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Source code (commonly just source or code) is any series of statements written in some human-readable computer programming language. ... The GNU logo The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a widely-used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project. ...


The next day, AOL stopped the availability of the program over legal concerns and restrained Nullsoft from doing any further work on the project. This did not stop Gnutella; after a few days, the protocol had been reverse engineered, and compatible open-source clones began to appear. This parallel development of different clients by different groups remains the modus operandi of Gnutella development today. Reverse engineering (RE) is the process of taking something (a device, an electrical component, a software program, etc. ... Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ... Modus operandi (often used in the abbreviated form MO) is a Latin phrase, approximately translated as mode of operation. ...


The Gnutella network is a fully distributed alternative to such semi-centralized systems as FastTrack (KaZaA) and such centralized systems as Napster. Initial popularity of the network was spurred on by Napster's threatened legal demise in early 2001. This growing surge in popularity revealed the limits of the initial protocol's scalability. In early 2001, variations on the protocol (first implemented in closed-source clients) allowed somewhat of an improvement in scalability. Instead of treating every user as client and server, some users were now treated as "ultrapeers", routing search requests and responses for users connected to them. FastTrack is a peer-to-peer protocol, used by the Kazaa (and variants, Grokster and iMesh) file sharing programs. ... Kazaa Media Desktop (once capitalized as KaZaA, but now usually left as Kazaa) is a peer-to-peer file sharing application using the FastTrack protocol. ... Napster was a file sharing service that paved the way for decentralized P2P file-sharing programs such as Kazaa, Limewire, iMesh, Morpheus, and BearShare, which are now used for many of the same reasons and can download music, pictures, and other files. ...


This allowed the network to grow in popularity. In late 2001, the Gnutella client LimeWire became open source. In February 2002, Morpheus, a commercial file-sharing group, abandoned its FastTrack-based peer-to-peer software and released a new client based on the open source Gnutella client Gnucleus. LimeWire is a peer-to-peer file sharing client for the Java Platform, which uses the Gnutella network to locate and share files. ... Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ... Morpheus is the name of a file sharing peer to peer client for Microsoft Windows, operated by the company StreamCast, that originally used the OpenNAP and P2P platform. ... FastTrack is a peer-to-peer protocol, used by the Kazaa (and variants, Grokster and iMesh) file sharing programs. ... In computing, Gnucleus is a popular Gnutella client for the Microsoft Windows platform, released under the GPL license. ...


The word "Gnutella" today refers not to any one project or piece of software, but to the open protocol used by the various clients. Since various parties are developing new clients, and the protocol will likely continue to evolve, it is hard to say what the word 'Gnutella' will come to mean in the future.


The name is a portmanteau of GNU and Nutella: supposedly, Frankel and Pepper ate a lot of Nutella working on the original project, and intended to license their finished program under the GNU General Public License. Gnutella is not associated with the GNU project;[2] see GNUnet for the GNU project's equivalent. This article is about blends. ... GNU (pronounced ) is a computer operating system composed entirely of free software. ... Nutella is the brand name of a hazelnut-based sweet spread created by the Italian company Ferrero. ... Nutella is the brand name of a hazelnut-based sweet spread created by the Italian company Ferrero. ... GNU (pronounced ) is a computer operating system composed entirely of free software. ... GNUnet is a framework for decentralized, peer-to-peer networking. ...


How it works [3]

To envision how Gnutella originally worked, imagine a large circle of users (called nodes), who each have Gnutella client software. On initial startup, the client software must bootstrap and find at least one other node. Different methods have been used for this, including a pre-existing address list of possibly working nodes shipped with the software, using updated web caches of known nodes (called GWebCaches), UDP host caches and, rarely, even IRC. Once connected, the client will request a list of working addresses. The client will try to connect to the nodes it was shipped with as well as nodes it receives from other clients until it reaches a certain quota. It will only connect to that many nodes, locally cache the addresses it has not yet tried and discarding addresses it tried which were invalid. In computing, Bootstrapping refers to a process where a simple system activates another more complicated system that serves the same purpose. ... “IRC” redirects here. ...


Now, when the user wanted to do a search, the client would send the request to each node it is actively connected to. The number of actively connected nodes for a client was usually quite small (around 5), so each node then forwards the request to all the nodes it is connected to, and they in turn forward the request, and so on, until the packet was a predetermined number of "hops" from the sender.


If a search request turns up a result, the node that had the result needs to contact the searcher. In the classic Gnutella protocol response messages were always sent back along the route the query came in through, as the query itself did not contain identifying information of the node. This scheme was later revised, so that search results are delivered over UDP directly to the node which initiated the search, respectively a proxying peer, usually an ultrapeer of the node. The queries do therefore carry the IP address and port number of either node. This lowers the amount of traffic routed through the Gnutella network, making it significantly more scalable.


If the user decides to download the file, they negotiate the file transfer. If the node which has the requested file is not firewalled, the querying node can connect to it directly. However, if the node is firewalled, stopping the source node from receiving incoming connections, the client wanting to download a file will send it a so called "push request" to the server for the remote client to initiate the connection instead (to "push" the file). At first, these push requests were routed along the original chain it used to send the query. This was however rather unreliable because routes would often break and routed packets are always subject to flow control. Therefore so called "push proxies" were introduced. These are usually the ultrapeers of a leaf node and they are announced in search results. The client connects to one of these "push proxies" using a HTTP request and the proxy sends a "push request" to leaf on behalf of the client. Normally, it is also possible to send a push request over UDP to the push proxy which is more efficient than using TCP. Push proxies have two advantages: First, ultrapeer-leaf connections are more stable than routes which makes push requests much more reliable. Second, it reduces the amount of traffic routed through the Gnutella network. FTP or file transfer protocol is a commonly used protocol for exchanging files over any network that supports the TCP/IP protocol (such as the Internet or an intranet). ... This article is about the network security device. ...


Finally, when a user disconnects, the client software saves the list of nodes that it was actively connected to and those collected from pong packets for use the next time it attempts to connect so that it becomes independent from any kind of bootstrap services.


In practice, this method of searching on the Gnutella network was often unreliable. Each node is a regular computer user; as such, they are constantly connecting and disconnecting, so the network is never completely stable. Also, the bandwidth cost of searching on Gnutella would grow exponentially to the number of connected users [1], often saturating connections rendering slower nodes useless. Therefore, search requests would often be dropped, and most queries reached only a very small percentage of the network. This observation identified the Gnutella network as an unscalable distributed system, and inspired the development of distributed hash tables, which are much more scalable but support only exact-match, rather than keyword, search. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Scale (computing). ... Distributed hash tables (DHTs) are a class of decentralized distributed systems that provide a lookup service similar to a hash table: (name, value) pairs are stored in the DHT, and any participating node can efficiently retrieve the value associated with a given name. ...


To address the problems of bottlenecks, Gnutella developers implemented a tiered system of ultrapeers and leaves. Instead of all nodes being considered equal, nodes entering into the network were kept at the 'edge' of the network as a leaf, not responsible for any routing, and nodes which were capable of routing messages were promoted to ultrapeers, which would accept leaf connections and route searches and network maintenance messages. This allowed searches to propagate further through the network, and allowed for numerous alterations in the topology which have improved the efficiency and scalability greatly. In engineering, bottleneck is a phenomenon where the performance or capacity of an entire system is severely limited by a single component. ...


Additionally the Gnutella adopted a number of other techniques to reduce traffic overhead and make searches more efficient. Most notable are QRP (Query Routing Protocol) and DQ (Dynamic Querying). With QRP a search reaches only those clients which are likely to have the files, so rare files searches grow vastly more efficient, and with DQ the search stops as soon as the program has acquired enough search results, which vastly reduces the amount of traffic caused by popular searches. Gnutella For Users has a vast amount of information about these and other improvements to Gnutella in user-friendly style.


One of the benefits of having Gnutella so decentralized is to make it very difficult to shut the network down and to make it a network in which the users are the only ones who can decide which content will be available. Unlike Napster, where the entire network relied on the central server, Gnutella cannot be shut down by shutting down any one node and it is impossible for any one company to control the contents of the network, which is also due to the many free software Gnutella clients which share the network. Napster was a file sharing service that paved the way for decentralized P2P file-sharing programs such as Kazaa, Limewire, iMesh, Morpheus, and BearShare, which are now used for many of the same reasons and can download music, pictures, and other files. ...


Protocol features and extensions

Gnutella did once operate on a purely query flooding-based protocol. The outdated Gnutella version 0.4 network protocol employs five different packet types, namely Query flooding is the protocol on which Gnutella operates. ... In networking, a communications protocol or network protocol is the specification of a set of rules for a particular type of communication. ...

  • ping: discover hosts on network
  • pong: reply to ping
  • query: search for a file
  • query hit: reply to query
  • push: download request for firewalled servents

These are mainly concerned with searching the Gnutella network. File transfers are handled using HTTP. In general a servent is a peer-to-peer network node, combining functionalities of a server and a client. ... HTTP (for HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the primary method used to convey information on the World Wide Web. ...


The development of the Gnutella protocol is currently led by the GDF (Gnutella Developer Forum). Many protocol extensions have been and are being developed by the software vendors and free Gnutella developers of the GDF. These extensions include intelligent query routing, SHA-1 checksums, query hit transmission via UDP, querying via UDP, dynamic queries via TCP, file transfers via UDP, XML meta data, source exchange (also known as "the download mesh") and parallel downloading in slices (swarming). The SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) family is a set of related cryptographic hash functions designed by the National Security Agency (NSA) and published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). ... User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. ... The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. ... The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a general-purpose markup language. ...


There are efforts to finalize these protocol extensions in the Gnutella 0.6 specification at the Gnutella protocol development website. The Gnutella 0.4 standard, although being still the latest protocol specification since all extensions only exist as proposals so far, is outdated. In fact, it is hard to impossible to connect today with the 0.4 handshake and according to developers in the GDF, version 0.6 is what new developers should pursue.


The Gnutella protocol remains under development and in spite of attempts to make a clean break with the complexity inherited from the old Gnutella 0.4 and to design a clean new message architecture, it is still one of the most successful file-sharing protocols to date.


Software

The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of applications supporting the Gnutella network. The tables do not attempt to give a historical enumeration of Gnutella clients. The tables are limited to clients that can participate in the current Gnutella network. Many projects have attempted to use the Gnutella network, since its introduction in early 2000. ...


General Specifications

Name Platform License Last Release Heritage
Acquisition Mac OS X proprietary 132.7  (2006-11-21) LimeWire
Apollon Unix-like/KDE GNU GPL 1.0.2.1  (2005-05-08) giFT
BearFlix Microsoft Windows proprietary 6.1  (September 2006) BearShare
BearShare (Before Version 6) Microsoft Windows proprietary 6.1  (September 2006) Original work
Cabos Java GNU GPL 0.7.3  (2007-07-16) LimeWire
CocoGnut RISC OS Freeware Unknown Original Work
DM2 Microsoft Windows Freeware Unknown Unknown
FrostWire Java GNU GPL 4.13.3  (2007-09-08) LimeWire
Fusteeno Web application GNU GPL Unknown Original Work
giFT Cross-platform GNU GPL 0.11.8.1  (2004-11-27) Original Work
Gnucleus/GnucDNA Microsoft Windows GNU GPL, GNU LGPL 2.2.0.0  (2005-06-17) Original Work
Gtk-gnutella Unix-like, Mac OS X GNU GPL 0.96.4  (2007-07-07) Original Work
iMesh Microsoft Windows proprietary Unknown Unknown
KCeasy Microsoft Windows GNU GPL 0.18  (2006-07-17) giFT
Kiwi Alpha Microsoft Windows proprietary Unknown GnucDNA
LimeWire Java GNU GPL 4.14.10  (2007-09-20) Original Work
Morpheus Microsoft Windows proprietary 5.4.0  (2007-02-27) GnucDNA
MP3Rocket Java GNU GPL 4.9.5  (2006-08-14) LimeWire
Phex Java GNU GPL 3.2.0.102  (2007-07-06) Original Work
Poisoned Mac OS X GNU GPL 0.5191  (August 8, 2006) giFT
Shareaza Microsoft Windows GNU GPL 2.2.1.0.  (October 26, 2005) Original Work
Symella Symbian OS GNU GPL 1.40  (2006-11-31) Original Work
XFactor Mac OS X GNU GPL Unknown giFT

Acquisition is a Gnutella-based peer-to-peer and BitTorrent client for Mac OS X. It is based on LimeWire and is a shareware product, priced at $18. ... Mac OS X (IPA: ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... LimeWire is a peer-to-peer file sharing client for the Java Platform, which uses the Gnutella network to locate and share files. ... Apollon is a free client for the giFT protocol for the KDE Desktop Environment. ... Diagram of the relationships between several Unix-like systems A Unix-like operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. ... KDE (K Desktop Environment) (IPA: ) is a free software project which aims to be a powerful system for an easy-to-use desktop environment. ... GPL redirects here. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Love gift Man presents a cut of meat to a youth with a hoop. ... BearShare is a peer-to-peer file sharing application originally created by Free Peers, Inc. ... Windows redirects here. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... BearShare is a peer-to-peer file sharing application originally created by Free Peers, Inc. ... BearShare is a peer-to-peer file sharing application originally created by Free Peers, Inc. ... Windows redirects here. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... Cabos is a Gnutella file sharing program under the GNU General Public License. ... The Java platform is the name for a bundle of related programs, or platform, from Sun Microsystems which allow for developing and running programs written in the Java programming language. ... GPL redirects here. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... LimeWire is a peer-to-peer file sharing client for the Java Platform, which uses the Gnutella network to locate and share files. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The term Freeware refers to gratis proprietary software with closed source. ... Windows redirects here. ... The term Freeware refers to gratis proprietary software with closed source. ... FrostWire is an open-source peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing program. ... The Java platform is the name for a bundle of related programs, or platform, from Sun Microsystems which allow for developing and running programs written in the Java programming language. ... GPL redirects here. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... LimeWire is a peer-to-peer file sharing client for the Java Platform, which uses the Gnutella network to locate and share files. ... In software engineering, a web application is an application delivered to users from a web server over a network such as the World Wide Web or an intranet. ... GPL redirects here. ... Love gift Man presents a cut of meat to a youth with a hoop. ... A cross-platform (or platform independent) programming language, software application or hardware device works on more than one system platform (e. ... GPL redirects here. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... In computing, Gnucleus is a popular Gnutella client for the Microsoft Windows platform, released under the GPL license. ... In computing, GnucDNA is a powerful component for building peer-to-peer applications. ... Windows redirects here. ... GPL redirects here. ... GNU logo The GNU Lesser General Public License (formerly the GNU Library General Public License) is an FSF approved Free Software license designed as a compromise between the GNU General Public License and simple permissive licenses such as the BSD license and the MIT License. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Gtk-gnutella 0. ... Diagram of the relationships between several Unix-like systems A Unix-like operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. ... Mac OS X (IPA: ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ... GPL redirects here. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... iMesh is a file sharing and online social network. ... Windows redirects here. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... KCeasy is a Windows peer-to-peer filesharing front-end application which uses giFT as its back end foundation. ... Windows redirects here. ... GPL redirects here. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 198th day of the year (199th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Love gift Man presents a cut of meat to a youth with a hoop. ... Kiwi Alpha, a P2P file sharing client for Windows, shares with many of todays leading file sharing networks such as LimeWire, Morpheus, BearShare, Grokster, and other Gnutella clients. ... Windows redirects here. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... In computing, GnucDNA is a powerful component for building peer-to-peer applications. ... LimeWire is a peer-to-peer file sharing client for the Java Platform, which uses the Gnutella network to locate and share files. ... The Java platform is the name for a bundle of related programs, or platform, from Sun Microsystems which allow for developing and running programs written in the Java programming language. ... GPL redirects here. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Morpheus is the name of a file sharing peer to peer client for Microsoft Windows, operated by the company StreamCast, that originally used the OpenNAP and P2P platform. ... Windows redirects here. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... In computing, GnucDNA is a powerful component for building peer-to-peer applications. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... The Java platform is the name for a bundle of related programs, or platform, from Sun Microsystems which allow for developing and running programs written in the Java programming language. ... GPL redirects here. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... LimeWire is a peer-to-peer file sharing client for the Java Platform, which uses the Gnutella network to locate and share files. ... Phex is a peer-to-peer file sharing client for the Gnutella network. ... The Java platform is the name for a bundle of related programs, or platform, from Sun Microsystems which allow for developing and running programs written in the Java programming language. ... GPL redirects here. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about something other than the meaning of the word poison. ... Mac OS X (IPA: ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ... GPL redirects here. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Love gift Man presents a cut of meat to a youth with a hoop. ... Shareaza is a peer-to-peer file sharing client which supports the Gnutella, Gnutella2, EDonkey Network, BitTorrent, FTP and HTTP network protocols and which can handle magnet links, ed2k links, Piolet links, and the now deprecated Gnutella links. ... Windows redirects here. ... GPL redirects here. ... is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Symella is a Gnutella file-sharing client for Symbian smartphones, licenced under the GNU General Public License. ... Symbian OS is a proprietary operating system, designed for mobile devices, with associated libraries, user interface frameworks and reference implementations of common tools, produced by Symbian Ltd. ... GPL redirects here. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Look up November in Wiktionary, the free dictionary November is the eleventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with the length of 30 days. ... XFactor is a commercial Gnutella client for Mac OS X (US$4. ... Mac OS X (IPA: ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ... GPL redirects here. ... Love gift Man presents a cut of meat to a youth with a hoop. ...

Gnutella Features

client Hash search Chat[›] Buddy list Handles big files (>4GB) Unicode UPnP port mapping[›] NAT traversal NAT port mapping RUDP[›] TCP Push proxy UDP Push proxy Ultrapeer GWebCache[›] UDP Host Cache THEX Other
BearShare Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ? Yes Yes ? Yes -
giFT Yes N/A N/A No No ? ? ? ? Yes a[›] No No b[›] Yes No No -
GnucDNA c[›] Yes N/A N/A ? No No No No No Yes No No b[›] Yes No No -
gtk-gnutella Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes IPv6, TLS
LimeWire Yes d[›] Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes e[›] No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes TLS
Phex Yes Yes ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Yes ? Yes Yes Yes Yes TLS
Shareaza Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yesf[›] Yes -
client Hash search Chat[›] Buddy list Handles big files (>4GB) Unicode UPnP port mapping[›] NAT traversal NAT port mapping RUDP[›] TCP Push proxy UDP Push proxy Ultrapeer GWebCache[›] UDP Host Cache THEX Other

NAT traversal refers to a solution to the common problem in TCP/IP networking of establishing connections between hosts in private TCP/IP networks which use NAT devices. ... NAT Port Mapping Protocol (NAT-PMP) is an Internet Engineering Task Force Internet Draft, introduced by Apple Computer as an alternative to the more common UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) protocol implemented in many network address translation (NAT) routers. ... BearShare is a peer-to-peer file sharing application originally created by Free Peers, Inc. ... Love gift Man presents a cut of meat to a youth with a hoop. ... This article is about n/a. ... This article is about n/a. ... In computing, GnucDNA is a powerful component for building peer-to-peer applications. ... This article is about n/a. ... This article is about n/a. ... Gtk-gnutella 0. ... Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is a network layer protocol for packet-switched internetworks. ... Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are cryptographic protocols that provide secure communications on the Internet for such things as web browsing, e-mail, Internet faxing, instant messaging and other data transfers. ... LimeWire is a peer-to-peer file sharing client for the Java Platform, which uses the Gnutella network to locate and share files. ... Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are cryptographic protocols that provide secure communications on the Internet for such things as web browsing, e-mail, Internet faxing, instant messaging and other data transfers. ... Phex is a peer-to-peer file sharing client for the Gnutella network. ... Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are cryptographic protocols that provide secure communications on the Internet for such things as web browsing, e-mail, Internet faxing, instant messaging and other data transfers. ... Shareaza is a peer-to-peer file sharing client which supports the Gnutella, Gnutella2, EDonkey Network, BitTorrent, FTP and HTTP network protocols and which can handle magnet links, ed2k links, Piolet links, and the now deprecated Gnutella links. ... NAT traversal refers to a solution to the common problem in TCP/IP networking of establishing connections between hosts in private TCP/IP networks which use NAT devices. ... NAT Port Mapping Protocol (NAT-PMP) is an Internet Engineering Task Force Internet Draft, introduced by Apple Computer as an alternative to the more common UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) protocol implemented in many network address translation (NAT) routers. ... iMesh is a file sharing and online social network. ... Symella is a Gnutella file-sharing client for Symbian smartphones, licenced under the GNU General Public License. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... WinMX is a freeware peer-to-peer file sharing program authored by Frontcode Technologies that runs on Microsoft Windows operating systems, created in 2001. ... Morpheus is the name of a file sharing peer to peer client for Microsoft Windows, operated by the company StreamCast, that originally used the OpenNAP and P2P platform. ... In computing, Gnucleus is a popular Gnutella client for the Microsoft Windows platform, released under the GPL license. ... Kiwi Alpha, a P2P file sharing client for Windows, shares with many of todays leading file sharing networks such as LimeWire, Morpheus, BearShare, Grokster, and other Gnutella clients. ... In computing, GnucDNA is a powerful component for building peer-to-peer applications. ... BearShare is a peer-to-peer file sharing application originally created by Free Peers, Inc. ... BearShare is a peer-to-peer file sharing application originally created by Free Peers, Inc. ... The title of this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Apollon is a free client for the giFT protocol for the KDE Desktop Environment. ... FilePipe is a multi network p2p file sharing program, based on KCeasy source code and utilizing the giFT daemon. ... The title of this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... giFTwin32 is a Windows client for the P2P server/daemon giFT. It is written in C, using Visual C++ 6. ... KCeasy is a Windows peer-to-peer filesharing front-end application which uses giFT as its back end foundation. ... This article is about something other than the meaning of the word poison. ... XFactor is a commercial Gnutella client for Mac OS X (US$4. ... Love gift Man presents a cut of meat to a youth with a hoop. ... eTomi (Also 360share) is the name of 2 P2P applications and possibly a company. ... Shareaza is a peer-to-peer file sharing client which supports the Gnutella, Gnutella2, EDonkey Network, BitTorrent, FTP and HTTP network protocols and which can handle magnet links, ed2k links, Piolet links, and the now deprecated Gnutella links. ... LimeWire is a peer-to-peer file sharing client for the Java Platform, which uses the Gnutella network to locate and share files. ... FrostWire is an open-source peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing program. ... Look up acquisition in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Cabos is a Gnutella file sharing program under the GNU General Public License. ... LimeWire is a peer-to-peer file sharing client for the Java Platform, which uses the Gnutella network to locate and share files. ...

Notes

^  Chat:  It refers to client-to-client chat.
^  UPnP port mapping:  Automatically configure port forwarding (requires Router with UPnP support)
^  RUDP:  Reliable UDP protocol used for NAT-to-NAT transfers; sometimes called Firewall-to-Firewall
^  GWebCache:  The UDP host cache is the preferred bootstrap method.


^  a:  Client only
^  b:  Not high out degree, so unusable in current form.
^  c:  Version 0.9.2.7
^  d:  Via a Kademlia network only supported by LimeWire, completely different from SHA1 searches supported by all other Gnutella clients.
^  e:  Port triggering or firewall to firewall (FW2FW).
^  f:  Since vesion 2.2.4.0

Kademlia is a distributed hash table for decentralized peer to peer computer networks designed by Petar Maymounkov and David Mazières. ...

Gnutella2

Gnutella2 is not a successor protocol of Gnutella [4], but rather a fork of the Gnutella protocol which has both advantages and disadvantages compared to Gnutella, neither network being clearly superior [5]. A sore point with many Gnutella supporters is that the Gnutella2 name conveys an upgrade or superiority [6] [7]. The Gnutella2 peer-to-peer protocol is a reworking of the Gnutella protocol. ... The Gnutella2 peer-to-peer protocol is a reworking of the Gnutella protocol. ... In software engineering, a project fork or branch happens when a developer (or a group of them) takes a copy of source code from one software package and starts to independently develop a new package. ...


See also

This article presents a timeline of events in the history of file sharing. ... One of the design goals of the Gnutella network is to provide user anonymity. ... Bitzi is a website where volunteers (a bitizen) can contribute reports of any kind of digital file, with identifying metadata, commentary, and other ratings. ... Open content, coined by analogy with open source, (though technically it is actually share-alike) describes any kind of creative work including articles, pictures, audio, and video that is published in a format that explicitly allows the copying of the information. ... A Gnutella crawler is a software program used to gather statistic information on the Gnutella file sharing network. ... For other uses, see Waste (disambiguation). ... Justin Frankel is an American computer programmer best known for his work on the Winamp media player application and for inventing the Gnutella peer-to-peer system. ...

External links

LimeWire is a peer-to-peer file sharing client for the Java Platform, which uses the Gnutella network to locate and share files. ... Phex is a peer-to-peer file sharing client for the Gnutella network. ... BearShare is a peer-to-peer file sharing application originally created by Free Peers, Inc. ... Gtk-gnutella 0. ... In computing, Gnucleus is a popular Gnutella client for the Microsoft Windows platform, released under the GPL license. ... Shareaza is a peer-to-peer file sharing client which supports the Gnutella, Gnutella2, EDonkey Network, BitTorrent, FTP and HTTP network protocols and which can handle magnet links, ed2k links, Piolet links, and the now deprecated Gnutella links. ... This section needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ...

Papers on Gnutella and file sharing

Shuman Ghosemajumder is the co-founder and former CEO of Anadas Consulting, a Canadian software development firm. ... The MIT Sloan School of Management is one of the five schools of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. It is one of the worlds leading business schools, conducting research and teaching in finance, entrepreneurship, marketing, strategic management, economics, organizational behavior, operations management, supply chain... Harvard Business School, officially named the Harvard Business School: George F. Baker Foundation, and also known as HBS, is one of the graduate schools of Harvard University. ...

References

  1. ^ http://www.slyck.com/news.php?story=814
  2. ^ Regarding Gnutella (www.gnu.org)
  3. ^ GDF Working Proposals
  4. ^ Slyck interviews Greg Blidson of LimeWire on Gnutella2
  5. ^ Gnutella and Gnutella2 search methods compared
  6. ^ Comments on Gnutella2 disruption of Gnutella WORD DOC
  7. ^ Slyck interview with Vincent Falco, creator of BearShare on Gnutella2
v • d • e
Gnutella
Pioneers Justin Frankel · Tom Pepper  · Spencer Kimball · Gene Kan
Technology Servent · Tiger Tree Hash · Distributed hash table · Query flooding · I2P  · TLS · Overlay network · Gnutella crawler  · NAT traversal
Engines BearShare  · GiFT · GnucDNA · gtk-gnutella · LimeWire · Phex · Shareaza  · all clients  · historical clients
Magnet sights Bitzi · Freebase  · Magnet Mix

  Results from FactBites:
 
Gnutella Forums (247 words)
Once registered but before posting, members need to read the Forum Rules (click here) and LimeWire/FrostWire users should include System details - help us to help you (click on blue link) in their posts if their problem relates to using the program.
For general discussion about Gnutella and the Gnutella network.
For discussion about a specific Gnutella client, please post in one of the forums above.
OpenP2P.com -- Gnutella: Alive, Well, and Changing Fast (1211 words)
It is generally acknowledged that Gnutella was not designed to support an unlimited user population, but instead a few hundred to perhaps a few thousand users.
The Gnutella protocol defines five message types, the data carried by each type, the transmission rules for each type and the mechanics of connection between hosts.
In the open world of Gnutella, free from central authority, compliance means being able to effectively communicate with the bulk of the installed base.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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