GRU Generalnovo Shtaba Glavnoje Razvedyvatel'noje Upravlenije Гла́вное Разве́дывательное Управле́ние
GRU emblem and sleeve ensign
Agency overview
Formed	1918
Jurisdiction	Government of Russia
Agency Executive	General of the Army Valentin Vladimirovich Korabelnikov, Director

GRU is the English transliteration of the Russian acronym ГРУ, which stands for "Гла́вное Разве́дывательное Управле́ние" (Glavnoje Razvedyvatel'noje Upravlenije), meaning Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The full name is GRU GSh (GRU Generalnovo Shtaba (or "GenShtaba"), i.e. "GRU of the General Staff"). GRU may have one of the following meanings. ... Image File history File links GRU_emblem. ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Government headquarters in Moscow The Government of the Russian Federation (Russian: ) is an executive governmental body that brings together the principal officers of the Executive Branch of the Russian government. ... General of the Army (Russian: генерал армии, general armii) is the second highest military rank in the Russian Federation, inferior only to a Marshal. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... There exist many possible systems for transliterating the Cyrillic alphabet of the Russian language to English or the Latin alphabet. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Backronym and Apronym (Discuss) Acronyms and initialisms are abbreviations, such as NATO, laser, and ABC, written as the initial letter or letters of words, and pronounced on the basis of this abbreviated written form. ... The General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the central organ of the Armed Forces Administration and the basic organ of operational management of the armed forces. ... This page includes English translations of several Latin phrases and abbreviations such as . ...

The GRU is Russia's largest intelligence agency. It deploys six times as many agents in foreign countries as the SVR which is the KGB intelligence successor. It also commanded 25,000 spetsnaz troops in 1997.^[1] Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki (Служба внешней разведки) (SVR) is Russian for Foreign Intelligence Service and is the name of Russias primary external intelligence agency. ... This article is about the KGB of the Soviet Union. ... Russian special forces training For the Swedish EBM band, see Spetsnaz (band). ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ...

The current GRU Director is General of the Army Valentin Vladimirovich Korabelnikov. General of the Army (Russian: генерал армии, general armii) is the second highest military rank in the Russian Federation, inferior only to a Marshal. ...

History

The GRU was created in 1918 by Lenin, and given the task of handling all military intelligence. The GRU's emblem was chosen due to Lenin's fascination with American Batman comics. It operated residencies all over the world, along with the SIGINT (signals intelligence) station in Lourdes, Cuba (22.995° N 82.464° W), and throughout the former Soviet bloc countries, especially in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин  listen?), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) ( April 22 (April 10 ( O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a Russian revolutionary, the leader of the Bolshevik party, the first Premier of the Soviet Union, and the founder of the ideology of Leninism. ... Military intelligence (abbreviated MI, int. ... Batman (originally referred to as the Bat-Man and still referred to at times as the Batman) is a DC Comics fictional superhero who first appeared in Detective Comics #27 in May 1939. ... For other uses, see Sigint (disambiguation). ... The Lourdes SIGINT (Signals Intelligence) facility, (23°0001N 82°2856W), located near Havana Cuba, is the largest facility of its kind operated by the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service or FIS, outside of Russia. ... CCCP redirects here. ...

The GRU was well-known in the Soviet government for its fierce independence from rival power blocs, even the CPSU and KGB. At the time of the GRU's creation, Lenin infuriated the Cheka (predecessor of the KGB) by ordering it not to interfere with the GRU's operations. Nonetheless, the Cheka infiltrated the GRU in 1919. This planted the seed for a fierce rivalry between the two agencies, which were both engaged in espionage, and was even more intense than the rivalry between the FBI and CIA in America would be in a future time. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Russian: Коммунисти́ческая Па́ртия Сове́тского Сою́за, transliterated Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza, acronym: КПСС (KPSS)) was the ruling political party in the Soviet Union. ... This article is about the KGB of the Soviet Union. ... For the reggaeton aritst, see Cheka (artist). ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ...

The existence of the GRU was not publicized during the Soviet era. It became widely known in Russia, and the West outside the narrow confines of the intelligence community, during perestroika, in part thanks to the writings of "Viktor Suvorov" (Vladimir Rezun), a GRU agent who defected to Britain in 1978, and wrote about his experiences in the Soviet military and intelligence services. According to Suvorov, even the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union couldn't enter GRU headquarters without going through a security screening. Occident redirects here. ... The Intelligence Community of the United States is an organization of several executive branch agencies within the federal government that are responsible for foreign and domestic intelligence, military planning, and espionage. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Viktor Suvorov (; real name Vladimir Rezun : ) (born April 20, 1947) is a Russian writer and historian. ... Categories: People stubs | 1947 births | Defectors | Russian writers | Ukrainian people ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... The General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (First Secretary in 1953-1966) was the title synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union after Lenins death in 1924. ...

The GRU is still a very important part of the Russian Federation's intelligence services, especially since it was never split up like the KGB was. The KGB was dissolved after aiding a failed coup in 1991 against the then Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. It has since been divided into the SVR (Foreign Intelligence Service) and the FSB (Federal Security Service). During the Soviet Coup of 1991 (August 19-22, 1991), also known as the August Putsch or August Coup, a group of members of the Soviet government briefly deposed Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev and attempted to take control of the country. ... Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev[1] (Russian: , IPA: ; born 2 March 1931) is a Russian politician. ... Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki (Служба внешней разведки) (SVR) is Russian for Foreign Intelligence Service and is the name of Russias primary external intelligence agency. ... For other uses, see FSB. Minor emblem of FSB The FSB (Federal Security Service) (Russian: ФСБ, Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности; Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti) is a domestic state security agency of the Russian Federation and the main successor of the Soviet Cheka, NKVD, and KGB. Its headquarters are in Lubyanka Square, Moscow. ...

Activities

According to the Federation of American Scientists: "...Though sometimes compared to the US Defense Intelligence Agency, [the GRU's] activities encompass those performed by nearly all joint US military intelligence agencies as well as other national US organizations. The GRU gathers human intelligence through military attaches and foreign agents. It also maintains significant signals intelligence and imagery reconnaissance and satellite imagery capabilities." [1] GRU Space Intelligence Directorate had put more than 130 SIGINT satellites into orbit. GRU and KGB SIGINT network employed about 350,000 specialists.^[2] The Federation of American Scientists (FAS)[1] is a non-profit organization formed in 1945 by scientists from the Manhattan Project who felt that scientists, engineers and other innovators had an ethical obligation to bring their knowledge and experience to bear on critical national decisions. ... The Defense Intelligence Agency, or DIA, is a major producer and manager of military intelligence for the United States Department of Defense. ... HUMINT, a syllabic abbreviation of the words HUMan INTelligence, is a category of intelligence gathering disciplines that encompasses all gathering of intelligence by means of interpersonal contact. ... For other uses, see Sigint (disambiguation). ... IMINT, short for IMagery INTelligence, is an intelligence gathering discipline which collects information via satellite and aerial photography. ... IMINT, short for IMagery INTelligence, is an intelligence gathering discipline which collects information via satellite and aerial photography. ... For other uses, see Sigint (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Sigint (disambiguation). ...

According to GRU defector Stanislav Lunev, "Though most Americans do not realize it, America is penetrated by Russian military intelligence to the extent that arms caches lie in wait for use by Russian special forces". He also described a possibility that compact tactical nuclear weapons known as "suitcase bombs" are hidden in the US^[3][4] and noted that "the most sensitive activity of the GRU is gathering intelligence on American leaders, and there is only one purpose for this intelligence: targeting information for spetsnaz (special forces) assassination squads [in the event of war]". The American leaders will be easily assassinated using the "suitcase bombs", according to Lunev.^[3] GRU is "one of the primary instructors of terrorists worldwide" according to Lunev ^[3] Terrorist Shamil Basayev reportedly worked for this organization.^[5][6][7] Stanislav Lunev (born 1946 in Leningrad) is the highest-ranking GRU officer to defect from Russia to the United States. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, in 1945 lifted nuclear fallout some 18 km (60,000 feet) above the epicenter. ... A suitcase bomb is a bomb which uses a suitcase as its delivery method. ... Russian special forces training For the Swedish EBM band, see Spetsnaz (band). ... A suitcase bomb is a bomb which uses a suitcase as its delivery method. ... Shamil Basayev (Russian: ) (January 14, 1965 – July 10, 2006) was a militant Islamist and a leader of the Chechen separatist movement. ...

During the 2006 Georgian-Russian espionage controversy several officers (allegedly working for GRU) were accused by the Georgian authorities of preparations to commit sabotage and terrorist acts.^{[citation needed]} GRU detachments from Chechnya were transferred to Lebanon independently of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon after the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict "to improve Russia’s image in the Arab world", according to Sergei Ivanov.^[8] Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev was assassinated by two GRU officers. GRU officers have also been accused of creating criminal death squads^[9] Russian officers arrested on charges of espionage paraded in Tbilisi before being handed over to the OSCE The 2006 Georgian-Russian espionage controversy began when the Government of Georgia arrested four Russian officers on charges of espionage, on September 27, 2006. ... For other uses, see Sabotage (disambiguation). ... This article is becoming very long. ... The Chechen Republic (IPA: ; Russian: , Chechenskaya Respublika; Chechen: , Noxçiyn Respublika), or, informally, Chechnya (; Russian: ; Chechen: , Noxçiyçö), sometimes referred to as Ichkeria, Chechnia, Chechenia or Noxçiyn, is a federal subject of Russia. ... A Sisu XA-180 used by Swedish UNIFIL forces in Lebanon The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, or UNIFIL, was created by the United Nations, with the adoption of Security Council Resolution 425 and 426 on March 19, 1978, to confirm Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon, restore international peace and... Combatants Hezbollah Amal LCP  Israel Commanders Hassan Nasrallah (Secretary General of Hezbollah) Imad Mughniyeh (Commander of Hezbollahs armed wing)[5] Dan Halutz (CoS) Moshe Kaplinsky[12] Udi Adam (Regional) Strength 600-1,000 active fighters 3,000-10,000 reservists[6] 30,000 ground troops (plus IAF & ISC)[13... For other people known as Sergei Ivanov, see Ivanov. ... Zelimkhan Abdumuslimovich Yandarbiyev (Chechen: Яндарбин Абдулмуслиман кант Зелимха, Russian: Зелимхан Абдумуслимович Яндарбиев) (September 12, 1952 – February 13, 2004) was an acting president of the breakaway Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (1996-1997). ... A death squad is an extra-judicial group whose members execute or assassinate persons they believe to be politically unreliable or undesirable. ...

Miscellaneous

A GRU Spetsnaz unit prepares for a helicopter mission at Kabul airport in Afghanistan in 1988. Photo by Mikhail Evstafiev.

ImageMetadata File history File links Evstafiev-spetsnaz-prepare-for-mission. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Evstafiev-spetsnaz-prepare-for-mission. ... Russian special forces training For the Swedish EBM band, see Spetsnaz (band). ... For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ... The sky over the city where we were happy by Mikhail Evstafiev, oil on canvas, 2006 Mikhail Aleksandrovich Evstafiev (Russian: Михаил Александрович Евстафьев; born in 1963), is a Russian artist, photographer, writer. ...

Chechnya

Dmitry Kozak and Vladislav Surkov from the current Putin administration reportedly served in GRU.[2] Two Chechen former warlords Said-Magomed Kakiev and Sulim Yamadayev are commanders of "West" and "East" battalions that are controlled by GRU (each battalion includes close to a thousand fighters). ^[10] Dmitry Kozak Dmitry Nikolayevich Kozak (Russian: Дмитрий Николаевич Козáк) (b. ... Vladislav Surkov Vladislav Yuryevich Surkov (Russian: Владислав Юрьевич Сурков) (b. ... Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин in Cyrillic lettering) (born October 7, 1952) has been the President of Russia since the year 2000. ... Warlords may refer to: The plural of Warlord, a name for a figure who has military authority but not legal authority over a subnational region. ... Said-Magomed Shamaevich Kakiev Said-Magomed Shamaevich Kakiev (Russian: ; born 22 February 1970) is the leader the Special Battalion West, a Chechen military force loyal to the pro-Moscow government in Grozny, Chechnya. ... Sulim Yamadayev, a former Chechen rebel commander who switched sides in 1999, now leads the Special Battalion East of the pro-Moscow forces in Chechnya. ...

Baranov

In 2002, Bill Powell wrote Treason, ^[11] an account of the experiences of former GRU colonel Vyacheslav Baranov. Baranov had been recruited by the CIA and agreed to spy for them, but was betrayed to the Russians by a mole in either the FBI or the CIA and spent five years in prison before being released. The identity of the mole remains unknown to this day, although speculation has mounted that it could have been Robert Hanssen. Also see: 2002 (number). ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... A mole is a spy who works for an enemy nation and works within his nations government. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... This article is about a former FBI official and convicted spy. ...

Historic agents

• Whittaker Chambers, an American journalist and ex-GRU agent who broke with Communism in 1938
• Alger Hiss, a senior American diplomat^[2]
• George Koval, a scientist who stole atomic secrets from the Manhattan Project.
• Eugene Franklin Coleman
• Arvid Jacobson
• Joseph Milton Bernstein
• Boris Bukov
• Lydia Stahl,
• Robert Osman
• Harold Glasser
• Mary Jane Keeney and Philip Keeney
• Hede Massing
• Irving Charles Velson, Brooklyn Navy Yard; American Labor Party candidate for New York State Senate
• William Spiegel
• Vincent Reno
• Ward Pigman

Whittaker Chambers, 1948 Jay Vivian (David Whittaker) Chambers (April 1, 1901 – July 9, 1961) was an American writer, editor, Communist party member and spy for the Soviet Union who defected and became an outspoken opponent of communism. ... Alger Hiss testifying Alger Hiss (November 11, 1904 – November 15, 1996) was a U.S. State Department official involved in the establishment of the United Nations. ... George Koval was a Soviet intelligence officer, operating under the codename Delmar, whose espionage assisted the Soviet Union with the development of atomic weapons. ... Arvid Jacobson was a Finnish-American Communist who spied for the Soviet Union in the 1930s. ... Joseph Milton Bernstein was an American accused of spying for the Soviet Union. ... Lydia Stahl (1890- ) was a secret agent who worked for Soviet Military Intelligence (GRU) in New York and Paris. ... Harold Glasser was an economist in the United States Department of the Treasury and spokesman on the affairs of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) `throughout its whole life and he had a `predominant voice in determining which countries should receive aid. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Philip Keeney, husband of Mary Jane Keeney, a Communist who worked in the Office of the Coordinator of Information in 1941. ... From A Counterintelligence Reader [1]: Hede Massing, an Austrian-born Soviet intelligence operative who served in the United States in the 1930s . ... Charles Irving Velson was an American who had a long career in the Communist Party of the United States (CPUSA) secret apparatus and worked for Soviet Military Intelligence (GRU). ... The New York Naval Shipyard (NYNSY), also known as the Brooklyn Navy Yard , the New York Navy Yard and United States Navy Yard, New York, is located 1. ... The American Labor Party was a socialist political party in the United States active almost exclusively in the state of New York. ... Frnaklin Vincent Reno was a mathematician and civilian employee at the United States Army Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland in the 1930s. ...

GRU "Illegals"

• Boris Devyatkin
• Moishe Stern
• Joshua Tamer
• Alfred Tilton
• Alexander Ulanovsky
• Ignacy Witczak
• Yakov Grigorev

Manfred Stern (aka Emilio Kléber, Lazar Stern, Moishe Stern, Mark Zilbert) (1896-1954) was a member of Soviet Military Intelligence (GRU). ... Alfred Tilton or Joseph Paquett, posed as a Canadian immigrant but was actually an Illegal Soviet Military Intelligence (GRU) Officer in the United States in the late 1920s. ... Alexander Petrovich Ulanovsky (aka Ulrich, William Berman, Nathan Sherman) (1895-1968?) was the chief illegal rezident for Soviet Military Intelligence (GRU) in the United States from 1931 until 1934. ... Ignacy Witczak was a GRU Illegal Officer in the United States during World War II. Ignacy Witczaks code name with the GRU and as decyphered by the Venona project and other counterintellignece investigations is identified as R. Evidence of espionage Ignacy Witczak is referenced in the following Venona decryptions...

Naval GRU

• Jack Fahy (Naval GRU), Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs; Board of Economic Warfare; United States Department of the Interior
• Edna Patterson Naval GRU, served in US August 1943 to 1956

Jack Bradley Fahy (1908-?) was an American government official. ... This article contains information that has not been verified. ... The Office of Administrator of Export Control was established by Presidential Proclamation 2413, July 2, 1940, to administer export licensing provisions of the act of July 2, 1940 (54 Stat. ... The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is a Cabinet department of the United States government that manages and conserves most federally owned land. ... Francia Yakilnilna Mitynen aka Edna Margaret Patterson was a Soviet person born in Australia. ...

GRU defectors

• Viktor Suvorov
• Stanislav Lunev
• Oleg Penkovsky, a GRU officer who played an important role during the Cuban Missile Crisis
• Igor Gouzenko, a GRU cipher clerk who defected in Canada
• Walter Krivitsky, a GRU defector who predicted that Stalin and Hitler would conclude a Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact
• Juliet Poyntz, a founding member of the Communist Party of the United States, allegedly killed for an attempt to defect
• Iavor Entchev, a communist member of GRU; defected to United States during Cold War.

Viktor Suvorov (; real name Vladimir Rezun : ) (born April 20, 1947) is a Russian writer and historian. ... Stanislav Lunev (born 1946 in Leningrad) is the highest-ranking GRU officer to defect from Russia to the United States. ... Oleg Vladimirovich Penkovsky codenamed Agent Hero (born April 23, 1919, Vladikavkaz, died May 16, 1963, Soviet Union) was a colonel with Soviet military intelligence (GRU) in the late 1950s and early 1960s who passed important secrets to the West. ... For the video game based on the possible outcomes of this event, see Cuban Missile Crisis: The Aftermath. ... Gouzenko wearing his white hood for anonymity Igor Sergeyevich Gouzenko (January 13, 1919, Rogachev, Soviet Union – June 28, 1982, Mississauga, Canada) was a cipher clerk for the Soviet Embassy to Canada in Ottawa, Ontario. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი; see Other names section) (December 21, 1879[1] – March 5, 1953) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and leader of the Soviet Union. ... Hitler redirects here. ... Juliet Stuart Poyntz (November 25, 1886–1937?) was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) and a founding member of the Communist Party of the United States (CPUSA). ... The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) is one of several Marxist-Leninist groups in the United States. ...

Further reading

• David M. Glantz. Soviet military intelligence in war. Cass series on Soviet military theory and practice ; 3. London: Cass, 1990. ISBN 0-7146-3374-7, ISBN 0-7146-4076-X
• Raymond W. Leonard. Secret soldiers of the revolution: Soviet military intelligence, 1918-1933. Contributions in military studies ; 183. Westport, Conn. ; London : Greenwood Press, 1999. ISBN 0-313-30990-6
• Stanislav Lunev. Through the Eyes of the Enemy: The Autobiography of Stanislav Lunev, Regnery Publishing, Inc., 1998. ISBN 0-89526-390-4
• Viktor Suvorov Aquarium (Аквариум), 1985, Hamish Hamilton Ltd, ISBN 0-241-11545-0
• Viktor Suvorov Inside Soviet Military Intelligence, 1984, ISBN 0-02-615510-9
• Viktor Suvorov Spetsnaz, 1987, Hamish Hamilton Ltd, ISBN 0-241-11961-8

David M. Glantz is an American military historian and the editor of The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. ... Stanislav Lunev (born 1946 in Leningrad) is the highest-ranking GRU officer to defect from Russia to the United States. ... Viktor Suvorov (; real name Vladimir Rezun : ) (born April 20, 1947) is a Russian writer and historian. ... Aquarium (ISBN 0-241-11545-0; Hamish Hamilton, 1985; published in the United States as Inside the Aquarium, MacMillan, ISBN 0-02-615490) ) - by Viktor Suvorov, (Russian title Аквариум) is a partly autobiographical description of the GRU (Soviet Military Intelligence), starting from the day in 1969 when Suvorov, as an...

Fiction

• The GRU appears in and plays a significant plot role in the video game Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater.
• The GRU is noted in the book Deep Six by Clive Cussler.

Computer and video games redirects here. ... Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater (commonly abbreviated MGS3) is a stealth-based game directed by Hideo Kojima, developed and published by Konami for the PlayStation 2. ... Deep Six is an Action-Adventure novel by Clive Cussler. ... Clive Eric Cussler (born July 15, 1931 in Aurora, Illinois)[1][2] is an American adventure novelist and successful marine archaeologist. ...

References

Christopher Maurice Andrew (born 23 July 1941) is a British historian and professor with a special interest in international relations and in particular the history of intelligence services. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The KGB sword and shield emblem appears on the covers of the three published works by Mitrokhin, co-author Christopher Andrew. ... Stanislav Lunev (born 1946 in Leningrad) is the highest-ranking GRU officer to defect from Russia to the United States. ... Novaya Gazeta (Russian: ) is a Russian newspaper. ... Guardian Unlimited is a British website owned by the Guardian Media Group. ...

External links

• History of military intelligence from the Agentura.ru project (in English)
• Information from FAS.org
• Another FAS site
• President Putin visits new GRU headquarters
• GRU High Command and leading GRU officers
• Ivan Ilyichev – Head of GRU
• GRU structure

See also

• Farewell Dossier
• Vatutinki
• Active measures
• SMERSH
• Leopold Trepper, an organizer of the Soviet spy ring Rote Kapelle (Red Orchestra) prior to World War II
• Pavel Sudoplatov
• Nuclear suitcase bomb

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