Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry (otherwise known as Jaafar Nimeiry, Gaafar Nimeiry or Ga'far Muhammad an-Numayri; born 1 January 1930) (Arabic: جعفر محمد النميري) was the President of Sudan from 1971 to 1985. He was born in Omdurman in central Sudan, and is the son of a postman and the great grandson of a tribal leader from the Wad Nimeiry region in Dongola. January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1930 (MCMXXX) is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... The Arabic language (Arabic: ‎ translit: ), or simply Arabic (Arabic: ‎ translit: ), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Map of Sudan with Khartoum Map of Ohmdurman with Khartoum and Bahri Omdurman is a city on the river Nile in Sudan, opposite the capital, Khartoum. ... Dongola (also spelled Dunqulah or Dunqula and formerly sometimes known as Al Urdi) is the capital of the state of Northern in Sudan, on the banks of the Nile. ...

In 1952 Nimeiry graduated from the Sudan Military College, where he was greatly influenced by the ideas of Gamal Abdel Nasser's Free Officers Movement, which gained power in Egypt that same year. In 1966 Nimeiry graduated from the United States Army Command College in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Three years later he helped lead a military coup of the civilian government of Ismail al-Azhari, shortly after which he was named Prime Minister of Sudan. He used his position to enact a number of socialist and Pan-Arabist reforms. For an article about former Ford Motor Company CEO Jacques The Knife Nasser, see Jacques Nasser Gamal Abdel Nasser (Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر); also transliterated Jamal Abd an-Nasr and other variants) ‎ (January 15, 1918 – September 28, 1970) was the second President of Egypt after Muhammad Naguib. ... In Egypt, the clandestine revolutionary Free Officers Movement was founded by Colonel Gamal Abdul Nasser in the aftermath of Egypts sense of national disgrace from the War of 1948. ... In 1827, Colonel Henry Leavenworth established a post on the bluffs overlooking the western bank of the Missouri River to protect the fur trade, safeguard commerce on the Santa Fe Trail and maintain the peace among the inhabitants. ... Official language(s) None Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 15th 82,277 mi²; 213,096 km² 211 mi; 340 km 400 mi; 645 km 0. ... Ismail al-Azhari (Saiyid) (1902 - 1969) was a Sudanese nationalist and political figure. ... Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ... Pan-Arabism is a movement for unification among the Arab peoples and nations of the Middle East. ...

Nimeiry successfully weathered a coup attempt by Sadiq al-Mahdi in 1970, and in 1971 was briefly removed from power by a Communist coup, before being restored. Later in 1971 he was elected President, and succeeded in ending the 17-year civil war between north and south Sudan the next year with the Addis Ababa Agreement. Sadiq al Mahdi became Prime Minister of Sudan in 1986, when he formed a coalition government comprised of the Umma party (which he led); the National Islamic Front (led by his brother-in-law, Hassan al-Turabi); the Democratic Unionist Party; and four small Southern parties. ... The Addis Ababa Accords were a series of compromises in 1972, aimed at appeasing the non-muslim leaders of the insurgency in southern Sudan after the first Sudanese Civil War proved costly to the muslim Sudanese government. ...

In 1981 Nimeiry, still President of Sudan, began a dramatic shift toward Islamist political governance. In 1983 he imposed sharia, or Islamic law, throughout the country. In violation of the Addis Ababa Agreement he dissolved the southern Sudanese government, thereby prompting a renewal of the civil war. In 1985 Nimeiry authorised the execution of the peaceful political dissident and Islamic reformist Mahmoud Mohamed Taha after Taha--who was first accused of religious sedition in the 1960s when Sudan's President was Ismail al-Azhari-- was declared an apostate by a Sudanese court. Shortly thereafter Nimeiry was overthrown in a military coup. The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... Sharia (Arabic: ; also Sharīah, Sharia, Shariah or Syariah) is the Arabic word for Islamic law. ... Mahmoud Mohamed Taha Mahmoud Mohamed Taha (1909 – January 18, 1985) was a Sudanese political figure and theologian. ... Ismail al-Azhari (Saiyid) (1902 - 1969) was a Sudanese nationalist and political figure. ...

Nimeiry lived in exile in Egypt from 1985 to 1999, after which he returned to Sudan. Today he is a member of the National Congress Party. The National Congress is the governing official political party of Sudan. ...

Timeline

• 1930 January 1: Born in Wad Nubawi, Omdurman, as the son of a postman.

• 1952: Graduates from the Sudan Military College, and joins the Khartoum garrison.

• 1960: Joins a group of military officers working according to pan-Arab, socialist ideas and influenced by the Free Officers Movement that was led by Gamal Abdul Nasser in Egypt.

• 1966: Graduates from the US Army Command College in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

• 1969: Together with four other officers he overthrows the government, and becomes prime minister and chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC). He starts a campaign aiming at reforming Sudan's economy through nationalization of banks and industries as well as some land reforms.

• 1970 March: A bloody, armed, cross-border attempt to overthrow him by Sadiq al Mahdi from Libya is put down.

• 1970-1978: A number of bilateral investment treaties are signed between Sudan and several states: Netherlands Aug. 22, 1970, Switzerland Feb. 17, 1974, Egypt May 28, 1977, France July 31, 1978

• 1971 July: Nimeiry is overthrown by a Communist coup, but soon returns to power.
  • September: Nimeiri wins a referendum with 98.6% of the votes. He now starts a more Western-friendly policy, where banks were returned to private ownership and foreign investment was encouraged as evidenced by a number of bilateral investment treaties that are signed.

• 1972: With the Addis Ababa Agreement, autonomy is granted to the non-Muslim southern region of Sudan, which brought peace and stability to the region which had witnessed civil war since 1955, before Sudan's independence.

• 1974-1984: Oil and gas exploration begins in earnest in the country. Chevron Corporation is awarded concessions in the southern and middle parts of the Red Sea and carries out aero-magnetic and gravity surveys. Dry gas and condensate is discovered in two wells.
  • 1976: Chevron discovers the Suakin gas field.
  • 1979: Chevron makes its first oil discovery in Abu Jabra #1, west of Muglad, where an 8 million barrels reserve and a 1,000 barrels per day (b/d) production rate are estimated.
  • 1982, Chevron drills 22 discovery, appraisal and production wells. Chevron estimated a total oil reserve of 593 million barrels and a production rate of 3,600 b/d.

• 1978 18 July - 12 July 1979: Nimeiry elected Chairman of the Organization of African Unity.

• 1981: Nimeiry allies with the Muslim Brotherhood.

• 1983: Nimeiry imposes Islamic law, Sharia, for all of Sudan. The administrative boundaries of the south are also reformed. In the south, the civil war restarts.

• 1985 April 6: While Nimeiry is on an official visit to the United States of America, a bloodless military coup led by his defence minister ousts him from power.

• 1985-1999: Nimeiry lives in Egypt.

• 1999 May 22: Returns to Sudan from exile.

• 2005 March 2: Nimeiry's party The Alliance of the Peoples' Working Forces merges with the ruling National Congress Party of Sudan. The National Congress Party negotiated an end to Sudan's civil war that was signed in a Comprehensive Peace Agreement on January 9th 2005.

1930 (MCMXXX) is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Map of Sudan with Khartoum Map of Ohmdurman with Khartoum and Bahri Omdurman is a city on the river Nile in Sudan, opposite the capital, Khartoum. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Map of Sudan with Khartoum Khartoum ( الخرطوم al-Ḫará¹­Å«m elephant trunk) is the capital of Sudan, as well as the capital of the state of Khartoum. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... Pan-Arabism is a movement for unification among the Arab peoples and nations of the Middle East. ... Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ... In Egypt, the clandestine revolutionary Free Officers Movement was founded by Colonel Gamal Abdul Nasser in the aftermath of Egypts sense of national disgrace from the War of 1948. ... Gamal Abdel Nasser (Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر) Gamal Abdel Nasser (January 15, 1918 - September 28, 1970) was the second President of Egypt after Muhammad Naguib and is considered one of the most important Arab leaders in history. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... In 1827, Colonel Henry Leavenworth established a post on the bluffs overlooking the western bank of the Missouri River to protect the fur trade, safeguard commerce on the Santa Fe Trail and maintain the peace among the inhabitants. ... Official language(s) None Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 15th 82,277 mi²; 213,096 km² 211 mi; 340 km 400 mi; 645 km 0. ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... Sir Robert Walpole, the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... This article needs to be wikified. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1974 calendar). ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1972 calendar). ... The Addis Ababa Accords were a series of compromises in 1972, aimed at appeasing the non-muslim leaders of the insurgency in southern Sudan after the first Sudanese Civil War proved costly to the muslim Sudanese government. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1974 calendar). ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Chevron Corporation NYSE: CVX is one of the worlds largest global energy companies. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1976 calendar). ... Chevron Corporation NYSE: CVX is one of the worlds largest global energy companies. ... This page refers to the year 1979. ... Chevron Corporation NYSE: CVX is one of the worlds largest global energy companies. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Chevron Corporation NYSE: CVX is one of the worlds largest global energy companies. ... Chevron Corporation NYSE: CVX is one of the worlds largest global energy companies. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... This page refers to the year 1979. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Muslim Brotherhood or The Muslim Brothers (Arabic: الإخوان المسلمون al-ikhwān al-muslimÅ«n, full title جماعة الإخوان المسلمين jamāat al-ikhwān al-muslimÄ«n, The Society of the Muslim Brothers, often simply الإخوان al-ikhwān, the Brotherhood) is the name of several Islamist organizations in the Middle East. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sharia (Arabic: ; also SharÄ«ah, Sharia, Shariah or Syariah) is the Arabic word for Islamic law. ... This article is about the year. ... This article is about the year. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... EXILE is a 6-member Japanese pop music band. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The National Congress is the governing official political party of Sudan. ...

External links

• Encyclopedia of the Orient entry on Nimeiry