Gabelsberger shorthand, named for its creator Franz Xaver Gabelsberger, is a form of shorthand previously common in Germany. Its consonant signs were made by simplifying the features of cursive Latin letters. All German shorthand systems are ultimately based on Gabelsberger's system. Shorthand is a writing method that can be done at speed because an abbreviated or symbolic form of language is used. ... The Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the worlds leading industrialised countries, located in the heart of Europe. ... The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world, the standard script of the English language and most of the languages of western and central Europe, and of those areas settled by Europeans. ...
The second group of examples of Greek shorthand is confined to a few fragmentary papyri and waxen tablets ranging from the 4th to the 8th century, chiefly among the Rainer collection at Vienna, to which Professor Wessely has devoted much labour.
Shorthand has become an almost indispensable qualification for the amanuensis, and practical stenographic ability is a necessary equipment of the typewriter operator.
Shorthand has been included among examination subjects for the army, navy, civil service and medicine in the United Kingdom, and to a certain extent in other countries.
The beginning of shorthand is usually dated from the writings of the Greek historian Xenophon, who used an ancient Greek system to write Socrates' memoirs.
Most of the 17th- and 18th-century shorthands followed the principles of Willis's system; they had geometric characters, with straight lines, segments of circles, and so forth, and were basically alphabetic and orthographic (using normal spellings).
In 1837, at the age of 24, the British educator and spelling reformer Sir Isaac Pitman published a shorthand system that was completely phonetic (lain and lane were both written as lān, knife as nīf) and was based on a systematic analysis of language sounds.
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