Gabriel Kolko (born 1932) is a historian and author. 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... A historian is a person who studies history. ...

Kolko received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1962. While there he was a member of the Student League for Industrial Democracy with Jesse Lemsich. Following graduation he taught at the University of Pennsylvania and at SUNY-Buffalo. He joined the York University History Department in 1970 and is now an emeritus professor of history there. Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and a member of the Ivy League. ... The League for Industrial Democracy (or LID) was founded in 1905 by a group of notable socialists including Jack London and Upton Sinclair. ... The University of Pennsylvania (Penn is the moniker used by the university itself ) is a private, nonsectarian research university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ... The State University of New York (acronym SUNY; usually pronounced SOO-nee) is a system of public institutions of higher education in New York, United States. ... A buffalo is one of several species of bovine. ... York University (YorkU) is a large comprehensive university, located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ...

Kolko's research interests include American political history, the Progressive Era, and foreign policy in the twentieth century. // Overview In the United States of America, the Progressive Era was a period of reform which lasted from the 1890s through the 1920s, although some experts use the narrower time frame of 1900 to 1917. ...

Kolko was considered a leading historian of the early New Left, joining William Appleman Williams and James Weinstein in advancing the corporate liberalism idea whereby the old Progressive historiography of the "interests" versus the "people" was reinterpreted as a collaboration of interests aiming towards stabilizing competition [Novick, 439]. According to Grob and Billias, "Kolko believed that large-scale units turned to government regulation precisely because of their inefficiency" and that the "Progressive movement - far from being antibusiness - was actually a movement that defined the general welfare in terms of the well-being of business" [Grob and Billias, 38]. Kolko, in particular, broke new ground with his critical history of the Progressive Era. He discovered that free enterprise and competition was vibrant and expanding during the first two decades of the twentieth century, while corporations reacted to the free market by turning to government to protect their inherent inefficiency from market conditions. This behaviour is known as corporatism, but Kolko dubbed it "political capitalism". Kolko's thesis "that businessmen favored government regulation because they feared competition and desired to forge a government-business coalition" is one that is echoed by conservative economists today [Grob and Billias, 39]. Former Harvard professor Paul H. Weaver uncovered the same inefficient and bureaucratic behaviour from corporations during his stint at Ford Motor Corporation (see Weaver's 'The Suicidal Corporation', 1988). The New Left is a term used in political discourse to refer to radical left-wing movements from the 1960s onwards. ... William Appleman Williams (1921-1990) was one of the 20th centurys most prominent historians of American diplomacy. ... James Weinstein, (July 17, 1926 – June 16, 2005) was an American journalist best known as the founder and publisher of In These Times. ... Corporate Liberalism is a thesis in US historiography. ... // Overview In the United States of America, the Progressive Era was a period of reform which lasted from the 1890s through the 1920s, although some experts use the narrower time frame of 1900 to 1917. ...

References

• Novick, Peter. That Noble Dream: The "Objectivity Question" and the American Historical Profession. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

• Grob, Gerald N and Billias, George Athan. Interpretations of American History: Patterns and Perspectives, vol 2 "Since 1877". New York: The Free Press, 1987.

Bibliography

• Kolko, G. (1962), "Wealth and power in America: An analysis of social class and income distribution",
• Kolko, G. (), The Politics of War: The World and United States Foreign Policy, 1943-1945, ASIN B0007EOISO
• Kolko, G. (1971), Crimes of war,
• Kolko, G. (1963), The Triumph of Conservatism, The Free Press, ISBN 0029166500
• Kolko, G. (1965), Railroads and Regulation, 1877-1916, Greenwood Publishing Company, ISBN 0837188857; This was also his Ph.D. dissertation.
• Kolko, G. (1985), Anatomy of War; Vietnam, the United States, and the Modern Historical Experience, The New Press, ISBN 1565842189
• Kolko, G. (1994), Century of War: Politics, Conflicts, and Society since 1914, The New Press, ISBN 1565841913
• Kolko, G. (2006), The Age of War: The United States confronts the world, Lynne Rienner Publishers (March 30, 2006), ISBN 1588264394
• Kolko, G. and (1972), The limits of power, 1945-1954,