Gajah Mada (d. circa 1364) was, according to Javanese old manuscripts, poems and mythology, a famous military leader and prime minister (mahapatih) of the Majapahit Empire, credited with bringing the empire to its peak of glory. He is said^{[Please name specific person or group]} to have delivered an oath called Sumpah Palapa, in which he vowed not to eat any food containing spices until he had conquered all of Nusantara. In modern Indonesia he serves as an important national hero^{[citation needed]} and nationalistic symbol. Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century Decades: 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s - 1360s - 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s Years: 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 - 1364 - 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 See also: 1364 state leaders Events Charles V becomes King of France. ... Javanese is a term used to describe a native of the Indonesian island of Java. ... This article is about the art form. ... The word mythology (from the Greek μυολογία mythología, from mythologein to relate myths, from mythos, meaning a narrative, and logos, meaning speech or argument) literally means the (oral) retelling of myths – stories that a particular culture believes to be true and that use the supernatural to interpret natural events and... A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... The Majapahit Empire was an Indianized kingdom based in eastern Java from 1293 to around 1500. ... External links Wikibooks Cookbook has more about this subject: Spice Food Bacteria-Spice Survey Shows Why Some Cultures Like It Hot Citat: ...Garlic, onion, allspice and oregano, for example, were found to be the best all-around bacteria killers (they kill everything). ... The Malay Archipelago refers to the vast group of islands located between mainland Southeast Asia (Indochina) and Australia. ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolising French nationalism during the July Revolution 1830. ...

Rise to Mahapatih

Not much is known about Gajah Mada's early life. Some of the first accounts mention his career as commander of the Bhayangkara, an elite guard for Majapahit kings and their family. When Rakrian Kuti, one of the officials in Majapahit, rebelled against the Majapahit king Jayanegara (ruled 1309-1328) in 1321, Gajah Mada and the then-mahapatih Arya Tadah helped the king and his family to escape the capital city of Trowulan. Later Gajah Mada aided the king to return to the capital and crush the rebellion. Seven years later, Jayanegara was poisoned to death by Rakrian Tanca, one of Rakrian Kuti's aides. Events August 15 - The city of Rhodes surrenders to the forces of the Knights of St. ... Events Augustiner brew Munich May 1 - Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - England recognises Scotland as an independent nation after the Wars of Scottish Independence May 12 - Nicholas V is consecrated at St Peters Basilica in Rome by the bishop of Venice. ... Events Births September 29 - John of Artois, Count of Eu, French soldier (d. ...

In another version, according to the Nagarakretagama (a Javanese language epic poem dating from the 14th century), and supported by inscriptions dating from the late 13th and early 14th century, Jayanagara was assassinated by Gajah Mada in 1328. It is said^{[Please name specific person or group]} that Jayanagara was overprotective towards his two half sisters, born from Kertarajasa's youngest queen, Dyah Dewi Gayatri. Complaints by the two young princesses led to the intervention of Gajah Mada. His drastic solution was to arrange for a surgeon to murder the king while pretending to perform an operation. Nagarakretagama (Nāgarakṛtâgama), Kakawin Nagarakretagama (Epic poem Nagarakretagama), or Negarakertagama is most known old javanese epic poem, so this is the most researched Old Javanese epic poem. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... In mathematics, see epic morphism. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... Assassin and Assassins redirect here. ... Events Augustiner brew Munich May 1 - Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - England recognises Scotland as an independent nation after the Wars of Scottish Independence May 12 - Nicholas V is consecrated at St Peters Basilica in Rome by the bishop of Venice. ... The story of Kertarajasa, or Raden Wijaya, begins when a rebellion took place in Singhasari. ... Surgeon may refer to: a practitioner of surgery the moniker of British electronic music producer and DJ, Anthony Child; see Surgeon (musician) This is a disambiguation page—a list of articles associated with the same title. ... “Surgeon” redirects here. ...

Jayanegara was immediately succeeded by his sister [[Tribhuwanatunggadewi (ruled 1328-1350). It was under her leadership that Gajah Mada was appointed mahapatih in 1329, after the retirement of Arya Tadah. Events Augustiner brew Munich May 1 - Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - England recognises Scotland as an independent nation after the Wars of Scottish Independence May 12 - Nicholas V is consecrated at St Peters Basilica in Rome by the bishop of Venice. ... Events 29 August - An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Spanish fleet in the battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer. ... Events Antipope Nicholas V is excommunicated by Pope John XXII. Aimone of Savoy becomes Count of Savoy. ...

As mahapatih under Thribuwana Tunggadewi Gajah Mada went on to crush another rebellion by Sadeng and Keta in 1331. Events September 8 - Stefan Dusan declares himself king of Serbia Start of the reign of Emperor Kogon of Japan, first of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Births Coluccio Salutati, Florentine political leader (died 1406) Deaths January 14 - Odoric, Italian explorer October 27 - Abulfeda, Arab historian and geographer (born 1273) Categories: 1331...

It was during Gajah Mada's reign as mahapatih, around the year 1345, that the famous Muslim traveller, Ibn Battuta visited the Indonesian archipelago. Events Miracle of the Host Births October 31 - King Fernando I of Portugal (died 1383) Agnès of Valois, daughter of John II of France (died 1349) Eleanor Maltravers, English noblewoman (died 1405) Deaths April 14 - Richard Aungerville, English writer and bishop (born 1287) September 16 - John IV, Duke of... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... It has been suggested that Travelling route of Ibn Batuta be merged into this article or section. ...

Sumpah Palapa

It is said that it was during his appointment as mahapatih under queen Tribhuwanatunggadewi that Gajah Mada took his famous oath, Sumpah Palapa. The telling of the oath is described in the Pararaton (Book of Kings), an account on Javanese history that dates from the 15th or 16th century: The Pararaton, also known as the Book of Kings, is a manuscript in the Kawi language. ... View of the Puncak area in West Java Java (Indonesian: Jawa) is the most populous of Indonesias islands, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ...

“Sira Gajah Mada pepatih amungkubumi tan ayun amukita palapa, sira Gajah Mada : Lamun huwus kalah nusantara ingsun amukti palapa, lamun kalah ring Gurun, ring Seram, Tanjungpura, ring Haru, ring Pahang, Dompo, ring Bali, Sunda, Palembang, Tumasik, samana ingsun amukti palapa “

"Gajah Mada, he the prime minister, said he will not taste any spice, said Gajah Mada : As long as I not unify Nusantara, I will not taste any spice. Before I conquer Gurun, Seram, Tanjungpura, Haru, Pahang, Dompo, Bali, Sunda, Palembang, Tumasik, I will never taste any spice." The Malay Archipelago refers to the vast group of islands located between mainland Southeast Asia (Indochina) and Australia. ... This page is about the geography and history of the island group in Indonesia — for the political entities encompassing the islands, see Maluku (Indonesian province) and North Maluku. ... Seram (formerly Ceram, also called Seran or Serang) is an island in the Maluku province of Indonesia. ... Map of Indonesia showing Riau province Riau is a province of Indonesia, located in the center of Sumatra island along the Strait of Malacca. ... State anthem: Pahang State Anthem Capital Kuantan Royal capital Pekan Ruling party Barisan Nasional  - Sultan Sultan Ahmad Shah  - Menteri Besar Adnan Yaakob History    - Federated into FMS 1895   - Japanese occupation 1942   - Accession into Federation of Malaya 1948  Area  - Total 35,964 km² Population  - 2005 estimate 1,372,500  - Density 38. ... This article is about the Indonesian island. ... Sunda may refer to: Sunda Islands, a group of islands in the western part of the Malay archipelago Greater Sunda Islands Lesser Sunda Islands Sunda Strait, the strait between Java and Sumatra Sunda Shelf, part of the continental shelf of Southeast Asia, covered by the South China Sea which isolates... Location of Palembang Palembang is a city in the south of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ... Motto (Malay) Onward, Singapore Anthem Majulah Singapura Capital (and largest city) Singapore City1 Official languages English  Malay  Mandarin  Tamil  Demonym Singaporean Government Parliamentary republic  -  President Sellapan Ramanathan  -  Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong Independence  -  Self-government June 3, 1959 [1]   -  Declaration of independence August 31, 1963   -  Merger with Malaysia September 16...

While often interpreted literally to mean that Gajah Mada would not allow his food to be spiced, the oath is sometimes interpreted to mean that Gajah Mada would abstain from all earthly happiness until he conquered the entire known archipelago for Majapahit. The Mergui Archipelago An archipelago is a landform which consists of a chain or cluster of islands. ...

Even his closest friends were at first doubtful of his oath, but Gajah Mada kept pursuing his dream to unify Nusantara under the glory of Majapahit. Soon he conquered the surrounding territory of Bedahulu (Bali) and Lombok (1343). He then sent the navy westward to attack the remnants of the thallassocrathic kingdom of Sriwijaya in Palembang. There he installed Adityawarman, a Majapahit prince as vassal ruler of the Minangkabau in West Sumatra. This article is about the Indonesian island. ... Gunung Rinjani from Gili Trawangan Lombok (1990 pop. ... Events Magnus II of Sweden abdicates from the throne of Norway in favor of his son Haakon VI of Norway. ... The multinational Combined Task Force One Five Zero (CTF-150) The British Grand Fleet, the supreme naval force of World War I A rare occurrence of a 5-country multinational fleet, during Operation Enduring Freedom in the Oman Sea. ... The term thalassocracy (from the Greek Θαλασσο-κρατία) refers to a state with primarily maritime realms—an empire at sea, such as the Phoenician network of merchant cities. ... Map of Southeast Asia at end of 12th century. ... Location of Palembang Palembang is a city in the south of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ... Adityawarman was a prince in the Majapahit empire during the 14th century, and a blood relative of Hayam Wuruk. ... The Minangkabau ethnic group (also known as Minang or Padang) is indigenous to the highlands of West Sumatra, in Indonesia. ... Motto: Tuah Sakato. ...

He then conquered the first Islamic sultanate in Southeast Asia, Samudra Pasai, and another state in Swarnadwipa (Sumatra). Gajah Mada also conquered Bintan, Tumasik (Singapore), Melayu (now known as Jambi), and Kalimantan. A sultan (Arabic: سلطان) is an Islamic monarch ruling under the terms of shariah. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Map of Pasai. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... Bintan Bintan Island or Negeri Segantang Lada is an island of 1,866 square kilometer located about 48 km (30 miles) southeast of Singapore. ... Map of ancient Melayu Kingdom. ... Kalimantan is the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. ...

At the resignation of the queen, Tribuwanatunggadewi, her son, Hayam Wuruk (ruled 1350-1389) became king. Gajah Mada retained his position as mahapatih under the new king and continued his military campaign by expanding eastward into Logajah, Gurun, Seram, Hutankadali, Sasak, Makassar, Buton, Banggai, Kunir, Galiyan, Salayar, Sumba, Muar (Saparua), Solor, Bima, Wandan (Banda), Ambon, Timor, and Dompo. Hayam Wuruk, also called (after 1350) Rajasanagara, (1334 -1389), was the ruler of the Javanese Hindu state of Majapahit at the time of its greatest power. ... Events 29 August - An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Spanish fleet in the battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer. ... Events February 24 - Margaret I defeats Albert in battle, thus becoming ruler of Denmark, Norway and Sweden June 28 - Battle of Kosovo between Serbs and Ottomans. ... In the military sciences, a military campaign encompasses related military operations, usually conducted by a defense or fighting force, directed at gaining a particular desired state of affairs, usually within geographical and temporal limitations. ... Seram (formerly Ceram, also called Seran or Serang) is an island in the Maluku province of Indonesia. ... Karimunjawa is an island chain stretching in a northwesternly direction 83 km from Jepara, Central Java. ... The Sasak live mainly on the island of Lombok, numbering around 2. ... Location of Makassar in Indonesia Coordinates: , Country Indonesia Province South Sulawesi Government  - Mayor Ilham Arief Sirajuddin Area  - City 175. ... Buton (also Butung or Boeton), is an island in Indonesia just off the southeast peninsula of Sulawesi. ... Banggai or banggai kepulauan is a group of islands, which is located in the far eastern of central sulawesi, is anew established regency after splitting out of Luwuk. ... The Kangean Islands, a part of Indonesia, are located in the Java Sea approximately 120 km (75 miles) north of Bali and 120 km east of Madura. ... Selayar may refer to: Selayar Islands Selayar Island Selayar language Selayar Regency Selayar Island, Lingga Archipelago, Riau Islands Province, Indonesia Category: ... The Lesser Sunda Islands; Sumba is in the center Sumba is an island in Indonesia, and is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands. ... Categories: Stub | Islands of Indonesia ... Solor is a volcanic island located off the eastern tip of Flores island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia. ... Bima (Indonesia) Bima is a city on the eastern coast of the island Sumbawa in Indonesia. ... Banda is a brass-based form of traditional Mexican music. ... Ceram and Ambon Islands (Operational Navigation Chart, 1967) Not for navigational use Ambon City in 2001, showing heavy damage from fighting Ambon Island is part of the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. ... Timor is an island at the south end of the Malay Archipelago, divided between the independent state of East Timor, and West Timor, part of the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara with the surface of 11,883 sq mi (30,777 km²). The name is a variant of timur...

He thus effectively brought the archipelago under Majapahits's control, which spanned not only the territory of today's Indonesia, but also that of Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei and the southern Philippines.

The Bubat Accident

In 1357, the only remaining state refusing to acknowledge Majapahit's supremacy was Sunda, in West Java, now bordering the Majapahit Empire. King Hayam Wuruk planned to marry Dyah Pitaloka, a princess of Sunda and the daughter of Sunda's king. Gajah Mada was given the task to go to the village of Bubat to welcome the princess as she arrived with her father and escort in Majapahit. // May 28 - Peter I becomes King of Portugal after the death of his father, Alfonso IV. July 9 - Charles Bridge in Prague is founded King David II of Scotland is released by the English in return for a ransom. ... Sunda may refer to: Sunda Islands, a group of islands in the western part of the Malay archipelago Greater Sunda Islands Lesser Sunda Islands Sunda Strait, the strait between Java and Sumatra Sunda Shelf, part of the continental shelf of Southeast Asia, covered by the South China Sea which isolates... Map showing West Java in Indonesia West Java (Jawa Barat) is a province of Indonesia, located on the island of Java. ...

But while Sunda's King thought that the marriage was a sign of a new alliance between Sunda and Majapahit, Gajah Mada thought otherwise. He took it as a sign of submission of Sunda to Majapahit. This misunderstanding led to embarrassment and strife, which quickly rose into full scale battle. The ensuing bloodshed saw the king and all of his guards killed in the fields of Bubat. Seeing this horror, the princess Dyah Pitaloka committed suicide. Generally, a battle is an instance of combat in warfare between two or more parties wherein each group will seek to defeat the others. ... For other uses, see Suicide (disambiguation). ...

Hayam Wuruk was deeply shocked about the debacle. Gajah Mada was promptly demoted and spent the rest of his days in the estate of Madangkara in Probolinggo in East Java. Probolinggo (also Prabalingga) is a city on the north coast of East Java, Indonesia. ... East Java (Indonesian: Jawa Timur) is a province of Indonesia. ...

Gajah Mada died in obscurity in 1364. The power Gajah Mada had accumulated during his time as mahapatih king Hayam Wuruk now considered too much for a single person. The king split the responsibilities that had been Gajah Mada's between four separate new ministries, thereby probably increasing his own power. King Hayam Wuruk, who is said to have been a wise leader, was able to maintain the position Majapahit had gained during Gajah Mada's reign, but a slow decline started after Hayam Wuruk's death. Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century Decades: 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s - 1360s - 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s Years: 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 - 1364 - 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 See also: 1364 state leaders Events Charles V becomes King of France. ...

Legacy

Gajah Mada's legacy is highly visible in Indonesia. In the early days of the republic, leaders such as Sukarno cited Gajah Mada's oath as an ispiration and "proof" that the nation could unite, despite its vast territory and various cultures. Thus, Gajah Mada was a great inspiration during the Indonesian National Revolution for independence from Dutch colonization. Sukarno (June 6, 1901 – June 21, 1970) was the first President of Indonesia. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ...

A state university, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in Yogyakarta is named after Gajah Mada. Indonesia's first telecommunication satellite is called Satelit Palapa signifying its role in uniting the country. Many cities in Indonesia have streets named after Gajah Mada. Universitas Gadjah Mada (Gadjah Mada University or UGM) is the biggest university in Indonesia in terms of student population. ... The Special Region of Yogyakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, or DIY), is a province of Indonesia on the island of Java. ... Copy of the original phone of Alexander Graham Bell at the Musée des Arts et Métiers in Paris Telecommunication is the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. ... An Earth observation satellite, ERS 2 In the context of spaceflight, satellites are objects which have been placed into orbit by human endeavor. ... Palapa was a series of communication satellites owned by Telkom, an Indonesian telecommunication company. ...

See also

• Kidung Sunda

Kidung Sunda is a Middle-Javanese poem of probable Balinese provenance. ...

External links

• Gajah Mada article

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