The location of Hazara relative to surrounding areas

Gakhar (also Gakkhar or Ghakhar or Ghakkar) (Urdu: گاکھر) are an ancient aristocratic and warlike clan now located in Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Jhelum, Kashmir, Gilgit, Baltistan (Tibet), Chitral, and Khanpur (NWFP) regions in modern day Pakistan. A similar elite was recently portrayed in Asif Kapadia's critically acclaimed and BAFTA award winning 2001 movie "The Warrior". Image File history File links Hazara. ... Image File history File links Hazara. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ...   (Urdu: راولپنڈی) is a city in the Potwar Plateau near Pakistans capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. ... For other places called Islamabad, see Islamabad (disambiguation). ... Jhelum or Jehlum may mean: Jhelum River in India and Pakistan Jhelum City in Punjab, Pakistan Jhelum District in Punjab, Pakistan This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ... Gilgit is a valley in Pakistan, carved by the Gilgit River. ... Baltistan (Urdu: بلتستان) , also known as بلتیول (Baltiyul) in the Balti language, is a region to the north of Kashmir, bordering Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China. ... This article is about the town of Chitral. ... Asif Kapadia (born 1972) is a British filmmaker of Indian origin. ... The Ultimate Warrior James Brian Hellwig (born June 16, 1962), is an American professional wrestler known by many as The Ultimate Warrior, who legally changed his name to Warrior in 1993. ...

Panoramic view of Pharwala Fort, Gakhar's stronghold

The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition of 1911 states that "the Ghakkars seem to represent an early wave of conquest from the east, and they still inhabit the whole eastern slope of the district; while the Awans, who now cluster in the western plain, are apparently later invaders from the opposite quarter. The Gakhars were the dominant race at the period of the first Mahommedan incursions, and long continued to retain their independence. During the flourishing period of the Mogul dynasty, the Gakhar chieftains were prosperous and loyal vassals of the house of Babur; but after the collapse of the Delhi Empire Jhelum fell, like its neighbours, under the sway of the Sikhs. In 1765 Gujar Singh defeated the last independent Gakhar prince, and reduced the wild mountaineers to subjection. His son succeeded to his dominions, until 1810, when he fell before the irresistible power of Ranjit Singh." Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 549 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 549 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Pharwala Fort is about 40 km from Rawalpindi. ... Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... Zāhir ud-DÄ«n Mohammad, commonly known as Bābur (February 14, 1483 – December 26, 1530) (Chaghatay/Persian: ; also spelled ), was a Muslim Emperor from Central Asia who founded the Mughal dynasty of India. ...

The 1893-94 Gazetteer of the Rawalpindi District also notes that "from the moment where oral traditions give way to more authentic historical records, the history of the Potohar becomes that of the Gakhar clan. The Gakhars became prominent at the time of the early Muslim era and have more or less maintained their rule over the city of Rawalpindi and parts of Hazara and Jhelum districts, independent of the sovereign powers at Delhi and Agra, until being defeated at the beginning of the nineteenth century by the Sikhs." AHSAN AND ADNAN :::::AHSAN AND ADNAN::::::: WE ARE HERE NOW SO TALK ABOUT SOMETHING ADNAN AND AHSAN ADNAN:YEAH..AHSAN I WANA TALK ABOUT SOMETHING BUT I DONT KNOW ABOUT WHAT..UMMM ABOUT A GOOD SITE AHSAN:YEAH ITS A GOOD QUESTION???I M THINKIN ABOUT SOME GOOD SITE YOU... The Muslim conquest of the Indian subcontinent took place during the ascendancy of the Rajput Kingdoms in North India, during the 7th to the 12th centuries. ...   (Urdu: راولپنڈی) is a city in the Potwar Plateau near Pakistans capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. ... now. ... The Jhelum district (Urdu: جہلم) is situated in Punjab province of Pakistan. ... For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Agra (disambiguation). ... Religions Sikhism Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib Languages English, Punjabi] A Sikh (English: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent to Sikhism. ...

Important early sources for the Gakhars are "Kaygawharnāma" by Rāyzāda Dunīchand Bālī, completed in 1725 (a copy is held in the British Library), Ferishta's The History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India Till The Year A.D. 1612 and Zahir-ud-din Mohammad Babur's, Memoirs of Babur (Baburnama). Look up source in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... British Library main building, London The British Library (BL) is the national library of the United Kingdom. ... Firishta or Ferishta (c. ... Zāhir ud-DÄ«n Mohammad, commonly known as Bābur (February 14, 1483 – December 26, 1530) (Chaghatay/Persian: ; also spelled ), was a Muslim Emperor from Central Asia who founded the Mughal dynasty of India. ... Zāhir ud-DÄ«n Mohammad, commonly known as Bābur (February 14, 1483 – December 26, 1530) (Chaghatay/Persian: ; also spelled ), was a Muslim Emperor from Central Asia who founded the Mughal dynasty of India. ... Bāburnāma (Chaghatay/Persian: ‎ ; literally: Book of Babur or Letters of Babur) are the memoirs of Zāhir ud-DÄ«n Mohammad Zāhir ud-DÄ«n Mohammad Bābur (1483-1530), the founder of the Mughal Empire and the great-great-great-grandson of Timur. ...

The Ancient Gakhars

There are no primary sources for the ancient Gakhars. The best secondary sources are Ferishta's history completed in 1606 and "Kaygawharnāma" by Rāyzāda Dunīchand Bālī which was written in 1725. The "Kaygawharnāma" can be read as a direct rebuttal of Ferishtas history and disagrees with it on almost every point. A primary source is any piece of information that is used for constructing history as an artifact of its times. ... Secondary sources are texts based on primary sources, and involve generalization, analysis, synthesis, interpretation, or evaluation. ... Firishta or Ferishta (c. ... In law, rebuttal is a form of evidence that is presented to contradict or nullify other evidence that has been presented by an adverse party. ... Firishta or Ferishta (c. ...

The "Kaygawharnāma" claims the Gakhars were Sassanian Persian nobles who, with their knights, were driven into to exile into the northeast frontier of the Sassanian empire, in modern day China, Tibet and Kashmir. Gakhars also use the ancient royal Persian title "Kay or "Kayani possibly as they claim of descent of semi-mythological Kayani dynasty of ancient Greater Iran. The clan later joined forces with the Mahmud of Ghazni in his invasion of 1008 and were rewarded with the kingdom of Potohar, which has since been the territory of the clan. Head of king Shapur II (Sasanian dynasty A.D. 4th century). ... Look up Persian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Lords and Barons prove their Nobility by hanging their Banners and exposing their Coats-of-arms at the Windows of the Lodge of the Heralds. ... A statue of an armoured knight of the Middle Ages For the chess piece, see knight (chess). ... Exile (band) may refer to: Exile - The American country music band Exile - The Japanese pop music band Category: ... Northeastern redirects here. ... A frontier is a political and geographical term referring to areas near or beyond a boundary, or of a different nature. ... Head of king Shapur II (Sasanian dynasty A.D. 4th century). ... This article is about historical/cultural Tibet. ... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ... Look up Persian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Kay may refer to: In fiction: Kay, a character in the Men In Black film series and animated series Sir Kay, character from Arthurian legend In politics: Kay A. Orr, U.S. Republican Party politician Kay Bailey Hutchison, the senior United States Senator from Texas In other fields: DJ Kay... Kazhani means waste land in Sanskrit and this has resulted in locality names such as Kalani, Kayani etc in various parts of india. ... Kazhani means waste land in Sanskrit and this has resulted in locality names such as Kalani, Kayani etc in various parts of india. ... After Islamic Conquest  Modern SSR = Soviet Socialist Republic Afghanistan  Azerbaijan  Bahrain  Iran  Iraq  Tajikistan  Uzbekistan  This box:      Greater Iran (in Persian: Irān-e Bozorg, or Irān-zamÄ«n; the Encyclopedia Iranica uses the term Iranian Cultural Continent[1]) is a term for the Iranian plateau in addition to... Mahmud and Ayaz The Sultan is to the right, shaking the hand of the sheykh, with Ayaz standing behind him. ... AHSAN AND ADNAN :::::AHSAN AND ADNAN::::::: WE ARE HERE NOW SO TALK ABOUT SOMETHING ADNAN AND AHSAN ADNAN:YEAH..AHSAN I WANA TALK ABOUT SOMETHING BUT I DONT KNOW ABOUT WHAT..UMMM ABOUT A GOOD SITE AHSAN:YEAH ITS A GOOD QUESTION???I M THINKIN ABOUT SOME GOOD SITE YOU...

While by Ferishta's account, the Gakhars were pagan hill tribe (suggested as possibly descendants of Alexander the Great's army who attacked Raja Puru at Battle of Hydaspes in 326 BC.) who first rose to prominence in the year 682 when the Raja of Lahore submitted to terms from the Gakhars. "This treaty included the cession of certain territories in perpetuity to the Gakhars... that they should protect the Indian frontier from the Muslim invasions." Anandapal, son of Jayapala , Raja of Lahore, "...with the Gakhars, and other warlike tribes..." forght a critical battle against the Muslim invader Mahmud of Ghazni in the Punjab in the year 1008. "Mahmud, having thus secured himself, ordered six thousand archers to the front to endeavour to provoke the enemy to attack his entrenchments. The archers were opposed by the Gakhars, who, inspite of the King's (Mahmud of Ghazni) efforts and presence, repulsed his light troops, and followed them so closely, that no less than 30,000 Gakhars with their heads and feet bare, and armed with various weapons, penetrated into the Muslim lines, where a dreadful carnage ensured, and 5000 Muslims in a few minutes were slain." Nevertheless, Anandapal and his army was eventually crushed. Despite forced conversion in 1204, according to Ferishta the Gakhars maintained a largely successful resistance to the Muslim kingdoms that followed. Firishta or Ferishta (c. ... Pagan may refer to: A believer in Paganism or Neopaganism Bagan, a city in Myanmar also known as Pagan Pagan (album), the 6th album by Celtic metal band Cruachan Pagan Island, of the Northern Mariana Islands Pagan Lorn, a metal band from Luxembourg, Europe (1994-1998) Pagans Mind, is... For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ... The battle of the Hydaspes River was a battle fought by Alexander the Great in 326 BC against the Indian king Purushotthama (better known as Porus) on the Hydaspes River (now the Jhelum) in present-day Pakistan. ... For other uses, see Raja (disambiguation). ...   (Urdu: لاہور, Punjabi: لہور, pronounced ) is the capital of the Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Jayapala Shahi, the son of Asatapala, succeeded the last Brahmin Hindu Shahi Bhima and thus began the start of the Janjua Rajput phase of Shahiya Dynasty. ... For other uses, see Raja (disambiguation). ...   (Urdu: لاہور, Punjabi: لہور, pronounced ) is the capital of the Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. ... Mahmud and Ayaz The Sultan is to the right, shaking the hand of the sheykh, with Ayaz standing behind him. ... Look up Punjab in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Mahmud and Ayaz The Sultan is to the right, shaking the hand of the sheykh, with Ayaz standing behind him. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... A forced conversion occurs when someone adopts a religion or philosophy under the threat that a refusal would result in negative non-spiritual consequences. ... Firishta or Ferishta (c. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ...

Though modern day Pakistan was once part of the Sassanian empire and there is both physical and historical evidence of Sassanian knights in modern day China, Tibet and Kashmir there is no real evidence that Raezadeh Diwan Dunni Chand's account is true, as he himself freely admits in the "Kaigoharnameh" . However, Ferishta's account is almost as weak. This is hardly suprising considering the antiquity of these events. Head of king Shapur II (Sasanian dynasty A.D. 4th century). ... Head of king Shapur II (Sasanian dynasty A.D. 4th century). ... A statue of an armoured knight of the Middle Ages For the chess piece, see knight (chess). ... This article is about historical/cultural Tibet. ... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ... Firishta or Ferishta (c. ... Antiquity means different things: Generally it means ancient history, and may be used of any period before the Middle Ages. ...

The Medieval Gakhars

The best primary source comes from the Baburnama (The Memoirs of Babur). In his chapter "Recent History of Bhera", in 1519 Babur noted: "There were the Jats, the Gujjars, and many other peoples living in the mountains between the Nilab and Bhera (in Jhelum district), which are connected to the mountains of Kashmir. Their rulers and chieftains belong to the Gakhar clan whose chieftainship is like that of the Jud and Janjua." In historical scholarship, a primary source is a document, or other source of information that was created at or near the time being studied, by an authoritative source, usually one with direct personal knowledge of the events being described. ... Bāburnāma (Chaghatay/Persian: ‎ ; literally: Book of Babur or Letters of Babur) are the memoirs of Zāhir ud-Dīn Mohammad Zāhir ud-Dīn Mohammad Bābur (1483-1530), the founder of the Mughal Empire and the great-great-great-grandson of Timur. ... A memoir, as a literary genre, forms a sub-class of autobiography. ... Zāhir ud-Dīn Mohammad, commonly known as Bābur (February 14, 1483 – December 26, 1530) (Chaghatay/Persian: ; also spelled ), was a Muslim Emperor from Central Asia who founded the Mughal dynasty of India. ... Zāhir ud-Dīn Mohammad, commonly known as Bābur (February 14, 1483 – December 26, 1530) (Chaghatay/Persian: ; also spelled ), was a Muslim Emperor from Central Asia who founded the Mughal dynasty of India. ... Jats are now preeminently a farming community. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Gujar. ... Bhera is a town in the Punjab province of Pakistan. ... Jhelum or Jehlum may mean: Jhelum River in India and Pakistan Jhelum City in Punjab, Pakistan Jhelum District in Punjab, Pakistan This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ... Jud is a city located in LaMoure County, North Dakota. ... The Janjua Rajput (Punjabi ਜਨ੍ਜੁਅ, Urdu: جنجوعہ) (also spelt Janjuha, Janjuah) is a highly dominant royal warrior clan of Northern India and Pakistan. ...

Of the Jud and Janjua, Babur noted: "Seven kos from Bhera to the north, there is a hill. This hill, in the Zafer-nāmeh and some other books, is called the hill of Jūd. At first I was ignorant of the origin of its name, but afterwards discovered that in this hill there were two races of men descended of the same father. One tribe is called Jūd, the other Janjūa. From old times, they have been the rulers and lords of the inhabitants of this hill, and of the tribes and clans which are between Nilāb and Bhera; but their power is exerted in a friendly and brotherly way. They cannot take from them whatever they please. They take as their share a portion that has been fixed from very remote times. The one never takes, and the others never give, a single grain more or less. Their agreement is as follows: They give a shahrokhi for each head of cattle; seven shahrokhis are paid by each master of a family, and they serve in their armies. The Jūd are divided into various branches or families, as well as the Janjūa. This hill, which lies within seven kos of Bhera, branching off from the hill-country of Kashmīr, which belongs to the same range as Hindū-kūsh, takes a south-westerly direction, and terminates below Dīnkot, on the river Sind. On the one half of this hill are the Jūd, and on the other the Janjūa. This hill got the name of Jūd from a supposed resemblance to the celebrated hill of Jūd. The chief man among them gets the name of Rai. His younger brothers and sons are called Malik. These Janjūa were the maternal uncles of Langer Khan. The name of the ruler of the clans and tribes in the neighbourhood of the river Sohān was Malik Hast. His original name was Asad, but as the people of Hindustān often drop the vowels, calling, for instance, khabar, khabr, and asad, asd, this word, going on from one corruption to another, ended in becoming Hast. Immediately on reaching our ground I sent Langer Khan in order to bring in Malik Hast. He galloped off, and by impressing him with a persuasion of my generosity and favourable intentions in his behalf, returned, accompanied by him, about bed-time prayers. Malik Hast brought a mail-clad horse with him and made his submission. He was about the twenty-second or twenty-third year of his age." The Janjua Rajput (Punjabi ਜਨ੍ਜੁਅ, Urdu: جنجوعہ) (also spelt Janjuha, Janjuah) is a highly dominant royal warrior clan of Northern India and Pakistan. ... Zāhir ud-DÄ«n Mohammad, commonly known as Bābur (February 14, 1483 – December 26, 1530) (Chaghatay/Persian: ; also spelled ), was a Muslim Emperor from Central Asia who founded the Mughal dynasty of India. ...

Concerning the Gakhar clan, Babur goes on to say: "At that time (1519), the chieftains of the peoples on the mountainsides were two cousins, Tatar Khan and Hati "Elephant" Gakhar. Their strongholds were the ravines and cliffs. Tatar's seat was Pharwala, which is way below the snow-covered mountains. Hati, whose territory was adjacent to the mountains, had gained dominance over Kalinjar, which belonged to Babu Khan of Bisut. Tatar Khan had seen Dawlat Khan and owed him total allegiance; Hati, however, had not seen him and maintained a rebellious attitude towards him. With the advice and agreement of the Hindustan Begs, Tatar had gone and camped at a distance as though to lay siege to Hati. While we were in Bhera, Hati seized upon some pretext to make a surprise attack on Tatar, kill him, and lay hands on his territory, his wives, and everything he had." Zāhir ud-Dīn Mohammad, commonly known as Bābur (February 14, 1483 – December 26, 1530) (Chaghatay/Persian: ; also spelled ), was a Muslim Emperor from Central Asia who founded the Mughal dynasty of India. ... The Baigs are a proud clan of peoples descending from the India. ...

In the case of both the Janjua and the Gakhar clans in the Medieval period, Babur paints a clear picture of heavily armed warrior elites living off the tribute of many acquiescent villages and in turn paying reluctant homage to their Turko-Mongol overlords. The Janjua Rajput (Punjabi ਜਨ੍ਜੁਅ, Urdu: جنجوعہ) (also spelt Janjuha, Janjuah) is a highly dominant royal warrior clan of Northern India and Pakistan. ... The Gakhars ( Gakkhars, Gurkkhars, Gurkhars) have been suggested, by the British archaeologist Sir Alexander Cunningham to have been Indo-Sassanians in origin. ... See also Clan (computer gaming) A clan is a group of people united by kinship and descent, which is defined by perceived descent from a common ancestor. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... Zāhir ud-DÄ«n Mohammad, commonly known as Bābur (February 14, 1483 – December 26, 1530) (Chaghatay/Persian: ; also spelled ), was a Muslim Emperor from Central Asia who founded the Mughal dynasty of India. ... Alternative meaning: Elite (computer game) In sociology as in general usage, the elite (the elect; sometimes the French form élite is used) refers to a relatively small dominant group within a larger society, which enjoys privileged status and, almost invariantly, exploits individuals of lower social status. ... For other uses, see Tribute (disambiguation). ... For a description of the medieval homage ceremony see commendation ceremony Homage is generally used in modern English to mean any public show of respect to someone to whom you feel indebted. ... The Altaic peoples are the peoples who speak Altaic languages. ...

The Battle of Pharwala, 1519.

What follows is Babur's vivd account of his attack on Hati Gakhar at the fortress of Pharwala: "Those who knew the lay of the land hereabouts, especially the Janjua, who were old enemies of the Gakhar, reported that Hati Gakhar had recently turned outlaw. He was engaging in highway robbery and bringing ruination upon the people. It was necessary to do something to drive him from the area or else to teach him a good lesson. In agree­meant with them, the next morning we assigned Khwaja Mirmiran and Mirim Nasir to the camp and left the camp at mid-morning to ride to Pharwala against Hati Gakhar, who had killed Tatar a few days before and taken over Pharwala, as has been mentioned. We stopped in the late afternoon, fed the horses, and rode off by night. Our guide was a servant of Malik Hast’s, Surpa by name. We cleared the road and stopped near dawn. Beg Muhammad Moghul was sent back to camp. As it was becoming light we mounted, and at midmorning we put on our armor and charged. With one league left to go, we could see the outline of Pharwala. Off we galloped. The right wing went to the east of Pharwala. Qoch Beg, who was with the right wing, was sent to rein­force its rear. The men of the left wing and center were pouring down on Pharwala. Dost Beg was directed to support the rear of the left wing, which was also attacking. Zāhir ud-DÄ«n Mohammad, commonly known as Bābur (February 14, 1483 – December 26, 1530) (Chaghatay/Persian: ; also spelled ), was a Muslim Emperor from Central Asia who founded the Mughal dynasty of India. ...

Pharwala, situated among ravines, has two roads. The one to the southeast—the road by which we were traveling—is atop the ravines and is surrounded by ravines and gullies on both sides. Half a kos from Pharwala, the road becomes such that in four or five places before reaching the gate the ravines are so precipitous that it is necessary to ride single file the distance of an arrow shot. The other road to Pharwala is to the northwest and leads through a wide valley. It too is precarious, and there is no other road on any side. Although it has no ramparts or battlements, there is no place to bring force to bear either. All around are ravines seven, eight, or ten yards straight down.

The men farthest forward in the left wing passed through the nar­rows and gathered at the gate. Hati drove back the attackers with thirty to forty armed horsemen and many foot soldiers. When Dost Beg, who was reinforcing the rear of the attackers, arrived, he brought a lot of force to bear, unhorsed many men, and defeated the foe. Hati Gakhar was renowned in those parts for his valour, but regardless of how well he fought he could not maintain his stand and was forced to retreat. He was unable to hold the narrows, and when he made it to the fortress, he could not make it fast either. The attackers poured into the fortress be­hind him and ran through it to the narrow ravine on the northwest, but Hati got out and fled unencumbered. Here Dost Beg performed a good action and received the fiuldu. Meanwhile I entered the fortress and dismounted at Tatar’s quarters. Some of those who had been assigned to stay with me while the attack was launched had nevertheless gone on to join the fray. Among them were Amin-Muhammad Tarkhan Arghun and Qaracha, who for their disobedience were attached to the Gujar guide, Surpa and sent into the wilderness without their cloaks to meet the camp. The next morning we got across the northwest ravine and camped in a grain field. Wali KhizanachI was assigned a few valiant warriors and sent to meet the camp.

On Thursday the fifteenth [March 17] we marched out and stopped at Anderana on the banks of the Sohan. [231] Long ago the Anderana fortress had belonged to Malik Hast’s father, but after Hati Gakhar killed Hast’s father, it fell to ruins, which was its condition when we found it. That night, the part of the camp that had been detached at Kalda Kahar arrived and joined us. After Hati took Tatar, he sent his relative Parbat to me with a mail clad horse and gifts. Before catching up with me, Parbart encountered the men of the camp who had stayed behind and came along with the uruq to present his gifts and pay homage. Langar Khan also came with the uruq on several matters of business, and when finished, he and some local people were given leave to depart for Bhera. Marching on and crossing the Sohan, we stopped on a hill. Parbat was given a robe of honor, and Muhammad-Ali Jang-Jang’s servant was sent to Hati with letters of appeasement.

According to Ansari in The Encyclopedia of Islam

At the end of 933/1526, Hati Khan waited on the emperor during his return to the Punjab (after the First battle of Panipat) and greatly assisted in procuring suppilies for the Mughal army. Babar fully recognised his services, making him a handsome present and conferring on him the title of Sultan". The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ...

Gakhar clans

Currently, there are forty one clans/branches of Gakhars but the following six are well-known and are the most important ones:

1. Adamal (descended from Sultan Adam).
2. Sarangal (descended from Sultan Sarang).
3. Hathial (said to be descended from Sultan Hathi).
4. Bogial (said to be descended from Malik Boga).
5. Firozal (said to be descended from Malik Firoz). Mostly resident in Jhelum
6. Sikandrial (said to be descended from Malik Sikandar).

Prominent Gakhars in recent times

• Raja Hassan Akhtar, (late) son of Raja Karmdad Khan of Pharwala Adamal. - Bureaucrat, Deputy Commissioner and later Member of the National Assembly; President of the West Pakistan Muslim League; Tehrik e Pakistan Gold Medalist.
• Raja Sultan Zahur Akhtar - son of Raja Hassan Akhtar, Engineer, Intellectual, Philanthropist, Politician, Gakhar historian and writer; Tehrik e Pakistan Gold Medalist; Author of several books; He updated and translated in Urdu and English the Kai-Gohar Nama history of the Gakhar tribe.
• Major Masud Akhtar Kiani, (Shaheed) Sitara-e-Jurat 19 Lancers - son of Raja Hassan Akhtar, killed in action at Jasoran, Chawinda sector during the 1965 war.
• Sultan Raja Erij Zaman Khan, is the present Chief of Gakhars. He succeeded to the title in October 1963. He is the maternal grandson of the Khan of Makhad (a prominent estate in Attock). He was crowned Sultan by then President of Pakistan, Field Marshal Ayub Khan.
• Raja Sikander Zaman (late), Uncle of Sultan Raja Erij Zaman, Ex-Chief Minister of the North West Frontier Province.
• Raja Faisal Zaman - son of Raja Sikander Zaman. MPA and Former Provincial Minister of (Sports and Culture).
• Raja Aamir Zaman - son of Raja Sikander Zaman. Ex-District Nazim Haripur.
• Col. Sir. Sher Muhammad Khan (late)
• Admiral Tariq Kamal Khan (retired)- Ex Chief of Naval Staff and Ambassador; son of Col. Sir. Sher Muhammad
• Major Kazim Kamal Khan, 9th Punjab- Shaheed Sitara-e-Jurat - son of Col. Sir. Sher Muhammad Khan, killed at Tengail East Pakistan in 1971 war against India serving as an SSG officer.
• Raja Azmat Kamal Khan (late)- son of Col. Sir. Sher Muhammad Khan, ex Chairman of District Council Jhelum for 16 years.
• Major General Muhammad Jamshed, Sitara-e-Jurat, Military Cross, from Domeli.
• Justice Raja Khurshid - Ex Chief Justice of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
• Brigadier Sultan Sherafgan Kayani(retired),Sitara-e-Jurat(1971),a highly decorated and respected officer of 1st Punjab Regiment, son of Raja Ali Gohar Khan(late), from Gujar Khan. Son-in-Law of Raja Hassan Akhtar (late).
• Saleem Sherafgan Kayani, Ex-Deputy Commissioner,DCO,Member Board of Revenue, presently Advisor to CM,Govt. of Punjab, son of Raja Ali Gohar Khan(late)of Gujar Khan.
• Brig(R) Iftikhar Ul Haq - S.I(military)- s/o M.Aslam kayani(late) of Gujar khan.
• Air Commodore(retired) Farooq Hussain Kiani - Eminent educationist. Graduated from Leeds University UK. Presently Principal Lawrence college Ghora Gali [1].
• Raja Zafar Ul Haq (late) from Dadocha.
• Raja Shahid Zafar, son of Raja Zafar ul Haq (late), Ex-MNA and Federal Minister, Pakistan.
• Saleem Kiani, Ex-Deputy Commissioner, presently Additional Secretary Govt. of Punjab.
• Justice Muhammad Rustam Kayani, (late) - Ex Chief Justice (popularly known as Justice M.R. Kayani); Author of the book Not the whole Truth; co-author of the Punjab Disturbances Court Of Inquiry Report, also known as the Munir Report.
• Dr. Afzal Naubhar Kiani, (retired) Ministry of Health, Govt. of Pakistan.
• Lt. General Jamshed Gulzar Kiani (retired), ex-corp commander and former chairman Federal Public Service Commission
• Raja Shahid Gulbahar Kiani, Director General (Africa), Ministry of Foriegn Affairs, Islamabad.
• Mohammad Ashraf Kiani of Bakot, Engineer / Businessman and author of Kiani history
• Raja Mumtaz Quli Khan, Prominent Eye Surgeon.
• Major General(R) Dr. Masud ur Rehman Kiani, a prominent Cardiac Surgeon based in Rawalpindi. He is one of the pioneers of Cardiac Surgery in Pakistan.
• Major General Shafique Ahmed Kayani, Deputy Surgeon General Pakistan Armed Forces.
• Raja Hamid Mukhtar (late) - son of Raja Gulab Khan of Shakkar Parrian, a prominent bureaucrat who served as Chairman Evacuee Property Trust Board & Chief Administrator Auqaf, Pakistan from 1970 to 1975
• General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani - Chief of Army Staff.
• Brigadier Raja Mansoor Hamid (R) - son of Raja Hamid Mukhtar (late) of Shakkar Parrian, ex Special Assistant to the Prime Minister, Director General Army Heritage Foundation
• Air Marshal Shahid Hamid (retired) - son of Raja Hamid Mukhtar of Shakkar Parrian. Chairman of the Alternative Energy Development Board
• Raja Kamran Hamid - son of Raja Hamid Mukhtar of Shakkar Parrian. CEO, AVT Channels Network (AVT Khyber [2] & Khyber News) the first television network for pukhtuns
• Major General Khuda Dad Khan Kayani (late)from Dadochha
• Brigadier(late) Riaz UL Haq Kayani, Ex-Chairman CDA and Center Comdt Engrs Center, Son of Fazal Ellahi from Dadochha
• Capt(late) Shahjehan Kayani, Indian Army from Dadochha. Decorated for bravery in WWI.
• Brigadier(late)Anjum Zaman Kayani from Dadochha.
• Major General Hameed Asghar Kiani (late)
• Major General Qamar Ali Mirza (late)
• Raja Sultan Maqsood, (late) Deputy Commissioner
• Dr. Raja Sultan Mehmood (late),ex-Medical Superintendent of GHQ Hospitals in Punjab.
• Dr. Nisar Ahmed Kayani, Ex-Paediatrician Saudi Royal Family & Military Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia.
• Prof. Dr. Saleem Ahmed Kayani Ph.D (Physics), ex-Head of Physics Department,University of Engineering and Technology Lahore.
• Capt Raja Muhammad Sarwar Khan SB,OBI (Late) son of Raja Muhammad Khan Raees and Numberdar (Lehri) Jhelum.
• Prof. Raja Abdul Qadir, Eminent educationist from Lehri.
• Brigadier Dr. Ghazanfar Azam SI(M) (Retd) - COAS Gold Medal (NUST), Ph.D (Penn State University, USA), Ex General Manager NHA, Ex Administrator DHA (Karachi).
• Brigadier Muhammad Inayat - SI(M) of Badlot Jhelum
• Raja Allahdad Khan of Shakarparian, (late) Revenue Assistant; Member of Provincial Assembly
• Major General Mohammad Zaman Kiani, (late) Chief of General Staff, Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj). First Muslim to achieve Sword of Honour in Royal Military Academy, Dehradun.
• Brigadier Muhammad Jan Kiani, (late). Brother of Gen. Zaman Kiani.
• Asad Jan Kiani, Eminent Engineer son of late Brig. Muhammad Jan Kiani, of Attial.
• Zahid Jan Kiani, Son of Brig. Mohammad Jan Kiani of Attial, Rawalpindi - Ex Army Officer, International Businessman Ex Chairman of a Constellation Oil Calgary Listed Company and Ex Board of Directors Trivallence Mining Inc. Vancouver Listed Company and CEO of Triad International.
• Major Mohammed Nawaz Kayani (MC) (Late) of Brutian - Chaksawari. Highly Decorated soldier of Burma War. Awared the British Military Cross for bravery on enemy lines.
• Major General Zaheer Ahmad Khan, Director General Military Vehicles Research and Development
• Raja Muhammad Afzal, T.Pk (late) Of Badlot. Retired Additional Secretary to the Government of Pakistan.
• Raja Muhammad Arshad, T.Pk (late) Of Badlot, IG,Police.
• Raja Raza Arshad, Additional Secretary, Government of Pakistan, - son of Raja Muhammad Arshad.
• Brigadier Raja Ghazi ud Din Haider (late) also known as Brig. R.G Haider.
• Raja Lal Khan (Late) D.S.P. (Police) of Domeli, Jhelum. (Pre-1947 period)
• Raja Nargas Zaman Kiani, Ex Senator.
• Raja Haq Nawaz Kiani, DIG Rawalpindi, Ex- SSP Islamabad Police, Currently President of National Police Foundation.
• Raja Mehtab Khan, Owner and Chief Editor of the Ausaf Daily Newspaper.
• Raja Tariq Mehboob Kayani,First District Nazim of Rawalpindi. Twice elected President of Rawalpindi chamber of commerce & industry.
• Amer Mehboob Kayani- Senior Diplomat In the U.S. Foreign Commercial Service. Presently Head of U.S. Commercial Service in the Middle East, from Shakarparian.
• Ashraf Khan Kayani, Ph.D (Demography) from University of Western Ontario & University of Alberta 1974
• Raja Salas Raza Kiani, Labour Party Councillor (1991-2002). Former Mayor of Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council (1999-2000). Political advisor (2001-2007) to twice elected Prime Minister of Pakistan, Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto.
• Afzal Khan Kayani, ex-Lord Mayor of the City of Manchester, England.
• Brigadier Arshad Nawaz Kayani (Late). Son of Raja Sardar Khan (Late) of Badlot.
• CAPT Raja Bashir Ahmed P.N. (late)of Badlot. 1st Electrical Engineer From UK 1943.
• Capt(British Indian Army) Muhammad Ajaib Khan (late) of Badlot(veteran WW2).Chairman Union Council Badlot.
• Air Commodore(Retd) Raees A. Rafi,(Sitara-e-Jurat) of Badlot,Son of Capt.Muhammad Ajaib Khan of Badlot.
• Brig(retd)Saeed A. Rafi Ex.Director General Foreign Office Pakistan.Son of Capt.Muhammad Ajaib Khan of Badlot
• Raiz A. Rafi Executive Vice Presedent(retd)Habib Bank..Son of Capt.Muhammad Ajaib Khan of Badlot.
• Lt.Mushtaq Nawaz Kayani(Shaheed)Of Badlot.
• Col. Rasheed Kayani(late)Sitara-e-Jurat from Badlot.
• Risaldar Maj. Ghulam Ali khan(late) of Badlot highly decorated retired before Ist world war.
• Sub. Maj. Mohammad Khan (late) of Badlot Highly decorated Ist world war.
• Sub. Maj. Sardar Khan(late) of Badlot Highly decorated soldier of 2nd World war.
• Raja M.Adil, eminent businessman and real estate developer in London, originally from Missa Kasiwal.
• Air Commodore(Retd) Jameel Kayani Of Badlot Jhelum,Ist Msc.In Computer Science W.Germany 1980.
• Brig. Dr. Azhar Mahmood Kayani Of Badlot Renowned Cardio Physician of Pakistan Army.
• Brig. Dr. Shamraz Kiani, from Domeli, eminent Radiologist of Pakistan Army
• Captain Raja Ghulam Abbas (late). Order of British India, Military Cross (WW2).
• Raja Nisar Ahmed Kiani, son of Raja Gulfaraz Khan from Pharwala; an eminent banker.
• Anil Gakhar - famous golf player of India.
• Lt.Col Haq Nawaz Kayani Shaheed. Sitara-e-Jurat(BAR)1965 and 1972 War.
• Lt. (late) Raja Ali Akbar Khan of Pind Bala, Gujarkhan. British Indian Army, WW1 veteran, Recipient of Medal of Bravery.
• Sunil Gakhar renowned saint of Punjab, India

Makhad is a hilly historical town in the Attock District in Northen Punjab of Pakistan. ... Akbars Fort at Attock Attock (Urdu: اٹک) is a city located in the northern border of the Punjab province of Pakistan, and also a border district on the river Indus. ... M. R. Kayani (died 15 November 1962 in Chittagong) was a distinguished Gakhar who served as Chief Justice of West Pakistan from 1958 to 1962. ... In the beginning of March 1953, widespread disturbances broke out in the Punjab, Pakistan, which in some places continued till the middle of April 1953. ... General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani (born April 1952, Jhelum) is a Pakistani general and vice chief of army staff (VCOAS). ... Major General Mohammad Zaman Kiani an officer of the Indian National Army who went on to be appointed the Chief of General Staff. ... The Indian National Army (I.N.A) or Azad Hind Fauj was the army of the Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind (The Provisional Government of Free India ) which fought along with the Japanese 15th Army during the Japanese Campaign in Burma, and in the Battle of Imphal, during the Second...

Historical Forts of Gakhars

Click for photos of Forts

Kianis and Islamabad

Gakhars & Islamabad

Gakhar Chief Jhanda Khan named Rawalpindi

Jhanda Khan's Rawalpindi   (Urdu: راولپنڈی) is a city in the Potwar Plateau near Pakistans capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. ...

References

• "Kaygawharnāma" by Dunīchand Bālī, Rāyzāda, edited by Dr. Muhammad Baqir, 1965 , copy held in the British Library, Oriental Collection.
• "Ghakkarnama" by Raezadeh Diwan Dunni Chand, 1856, copy held in the British Library,Oriental Collection, (Ethe 3021).
• Jhelum Encyclopedia Britannica, 1911 Online Edition.[3]
• Gujrat Encyclopedia Britannica, 1911 Online Edition. [4]
• Gakkhar, A. S Bazmee Ansari, in Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd ed.,Edited by J.H.Kramers et al, E.J Brill, Leiden, pp.972-74.
• Gakkhar, L. Dames, Encylopedia of Islam, 1st ed., Leiden, p.128, 1927.
• "A History of the Gakkhars", J. G. Delmerick, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol. XL, Part 1 (1871), pp.67-107.
• Gazetteer of the Rawalpindi District 1893-94, Punjab Government, 2001 Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore.
• The Baburnama: memoirs of Babur, prince and emperor, Zahir-ud-din Mohammad Babur, Translated, edited and annotated by Wheeler M. Thackston. 2002 Modern Library Paperback Edition, New York.
• The History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India Till The Year A.D. 1612, Muhammad Kasim (Ferishta), Translated, edited and annotated by General J. Briggs. Reprinted 1981, Oriental Books Reprint Corporation, New Delhi, 4 vols.

British Library main building, London The British Library (BL) is the national library of the United Kingdom. ... British Library main building, London The British Library (BL) is the national library of the United Kingdom. ...   (Urdu: راولپنڈی) is a city in the Potwar Plateau near Pakistans capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. ... This article is about the Pakistani province. ...   (Urdu: لاہور, Punjabi: لہور, pronounced ) is the capital of the Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. ... Bāburnāma (Chaghatay/Persian: ‎ ; literally: Book of Babur or Letters of Babur) are the memoirs of Zāhir ud-DÄ«n Mohammad Zāhir ud-DÄ«n Mohammad Bābur (1483-1530), the founder of the Mughal Empire and the great-great-great-grandson of Timur. ... Firishta or Ferishta (c. ...

See also

• Kayani
• Apnajhelum.com - Official website of District Jhelum where alexandar faught his last fight against porus
• Apnajhelum.Net - English - Official website of District Jhelum where alexandar faught his last fight against porus