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Galileo was born in Pisa, in the Tuscan region of Italy, the son of Vincenzo Galilei, a mathematician and musician.
Galileo also put forward the basic principle of relativity, that the laws of physics are the same in any system that is moving at a steady speed in a straight line, regardless of its particular speed or direction.
Galileo produced one piece of original and even prophetic work in mathematics: Galileo's paradox, which shows that there are as many perfect squares as there are whole numbers, even though most numbers are not perfect squares.