Satellite image of the Gallipoli peninsula and surrounding area

Gallipoli, called Gelibolu in modern Turkish, (Greek: Καλλίπολις), is a town in northwestern Turkey. The name derives from the Greek Kallipolis, meaning "Beautiful City". It is located on the Gallipoli Peninsula (Gelibolu Yarımadası), with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles straits to the east. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (992x653, 1202 KB) Gallipoli in Turkey from space File links The following pages link to this file: Gallipoli ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (992x653, 1202 KB) Gallipoli in Turkey from space File links The following pages link to this file: Gallipoli ... Peninsula A peninsula (from Latin paene insula, almost island) is a geographical formation consisting of an extension of land from a larger body, surrounded by water on three sides. ... The Aegean Sea. ... Map of the Dardanelles The Dardanelles (Turkish: Çanakkale BoÄŸazı, Greek: Δαρδανελλια), formerly known as the Hellespont, is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara. ...

History

Antiquity, Byzantium and crusaders

Kallipolis, or in Latin Callipolis, was a city in the southern part of the Thracian Chersonese ("Chersonesus Thracica" in Latin, now known as the Gallipoli Peninsula), on the right shore, and at the entrance of the Dardanelles. Callipolis is the commonly used latinized form of Kallipolis, the Greek name of several ancient cities, notably: Kallipolis in Caria Kallipolis, a Hellespont-port on the Thracian Chersonesus, the modern Gallipoli Callipolis in Calabria, southern Italy, a port on a peninsula into the Tarentine Gulf, which was granted by the... Map of the Thracian Chersonese The Thracian Chersonese (in Greek Χερσoνησoς Θραικια) was the ancient name of the Gallipoli peninsula, in the part of historic Thrace that is now part of modern Turkey. ...

The Byzantine Emperor Justinian I fortified it and established there important military warehouses for corn and wine. Justinian I depicted on one of the famous mosaics of the Basilica of San Vitale. ...

In 1304 it became the centre of that strange crusader state created by the Almugavares, or Catalonian routiers, who burned it in 1307, before retiring to Cassandria. The Crusader states, c. ...

Ottoman era

After the devastating 1357 earthquake the Greek city was almost abandoned, but swiftly reoccupied by Turks from Anatolia, the Asiatic side of the straits, making Gallipoli the first Ottoman possession in Europe, and the staging area for their expansion across the Balkans.

The peninsula which was inhabited by populations of the Byzantine Empire was gradually conquered by the Ottoman Empire starting from 13th century onwards until the 15th. The Greeks living there were allowed to continue their everyday life. Gallipoli (in Turkish, Guelibolou) made was the chief town of a Kaïmakamlik (district) in the vilayet (Wali's province) of Adrianople, with about 30,000 inhabitants, Greeks, Turks, Armenians and Jews. Byzantine Empire (Greek: Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Söğüt (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Constantinople (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanl... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... Vilâyet (also eyalet or pashaluk) was the Turkish name for the provinces of the Ottoman Empire. ... Edirne is a city in (Thrace), the westernmost part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. ...

Gallipoli became a major encampment for British and French forces in 1854 during the Crimean War, and the harbour was also a stopping-off point on the way to Constantinople. [1] [2] A military camp or bivouac is a minor, semi-permanent facility for the lodging of an army. ... 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Second French Empire, Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Strength 250,000 British 400,000 French 10,000 Sardinian 1,200,000 Russian Casualties 17,500 British 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 2,050 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of... Map of Constantinople. ...

The peninsula did not see any more wars up until World War I when the British Empire allies trying to find a way to reach their troubled ally in the east, Imperial Russia, decided to try to obtain passage to the east. The Ottomans set up defensive fortifications along the peninsula with German help. Combatants Allied Powers: British Empire France Italy Russia United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Military dead: 4 million The First World War, also known as The Great War, The War to End All Wars, and World War I (abbreviated WWI) was... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start...

Battle of Gallipoli

Main article: Battle of Gallipoli

In Australia, New Zealand and Newfoundland, Gallipoli is the name given to the Allied Campaign on the peninsula during World War I, usually known in Britain as the Dardanelles Campaign and in Turkey as the Battle of Çanakkale. This was an attempt to push through the Dardanelles and capture Constantinople (now Istanbul). On April 25, 1915, as part of an allied force of British and French troops, the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) landed at a small bay at the western end of the Peninsula (today officially called Anzac Cove). The campaign was relatively successful for the Turks and the Germans and a catastrophe for Russia which eventually would lead to civil war partly due to this unsuccessful campaign. The ANZACs evacuated on December 19, 1915 and the other elements of the invasion force a little later. There were around 180,000 Allied casualties and 220,000 Turkish casualties. This campaign has become a "founding myth" for both Australia and New Zealand, and Anzac Day is still commemorated as a holiday in both countries. In fact, it is one of those rare battles that both sides seem to remember fondly, as the Turks consider it a great turning point for their (future) nation as well. Combatants United Kingdom France India Australia New Zealand Newfoundland Ottoman Empire Commanders Sir Ian Hamilton Otto Liman von Sanders Mustafa Kemal Strength 5 divisions (initial) 14 divisions (final) 6 divisions (initial) 14 divisions (final) Casualties 252,000 (205,000 British, 47,000 French) 253,000 The Battle of Gallipoli took... Newfoundland (French: Terre-Neuve; Irish: Talamh an Éisc; Latin: Terra Nova) is a large island off the northeast coast of North America, and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... Combatants United Kingdom France India Australia New Zealand Newfoundland Ottoman Empire Commanders Sir Ian Hamilton Otto Liman von Sanders Mustafa Kemal Strength 5 divisions (initial) 14 divisions (final) 6 divisions (initial) 14 divisions (final) Casualties 252,000 (205,000 British, 47,000 French) 253,000 The Battle of Gallipoli took... Combatants Allied Powers: British Empire France Italy Russia United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Military dead: 4 million The First World War, also known as The Great War, The War to End All Wars, and World War I (abbreviated WWI) was... Map of Constantinople. ... The location of Istanbul Province Maiden Tower and Historical Peninsula of Istanbul Istanbul (Turkish: Ä°stanbul) (the former Constantinople, Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολις) is the largest city in Turkey, and arguably the most important. ... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps was a First World War army corps of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force that was formed in Egypt in 1915 and operated during the Battle of Gallipoli. ... Anzac Cove looking towards Ari Burnu, 1915. ... December 19 is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... A founding myth is a story or myth surrounding the foundation of a nation-state. ... ANZAC Day Dawn Service at Australian War Memorial, 25 April 2005, 90th anniversary Australia and New Zealand commemorate the ANZAC Day public holiday on April 25 every year to honour the bravery and sacrifice of the members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), and of all those...

Many mementos of the Gallipoli campaign can be seen in the museum at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, Australia, and at the Auckland War Memorial Museum in Auckland, New Zealand. This campaign also put a dent in the armour of Winston Churchill, then the First Lord of the Admiralty, who had commissioned the plans to invade the Dardanelles. He talks about this campaign vividly in his memoirs. A small artillery detachment was sent by Greece to aid the battle, led by Antonios Georgiadis (in some accounts Antonios Pispas, as he later changed his surname). The eternal flame at the heart of the Memorial keeps the spirit of the fallen alive The Australian War Memorial The Australian War Memorial is Australias national memorial to the members of all its armed forces and supporting organizations who have died in the wars of the Commonwealth of... For other uses, see Canberra (disambiguation). ... Auckland War Memorial Museum The Auckland War Memorial Museum is one of New Zealands most important national museums and war memorials. ... The Auckland Metropolitan Area, or Greater Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest urban area in New Zealand. ... Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British politician and author, best known as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. ... The First Lord of the Admiralty was a British government position in charge of the Admiralty. ...

The Gallipoli campaign also gave an important boost to the career of Mustafa Kemal, who was at that time a little-known army commander. Kemal exceeded his authority and contravened orders in order to halt the Allied advance and eventually drive them back. He went on to found the modern Turkish state after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 – November 10, 1938), Turkish soldier and statesman, was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Söğüt (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Constantinople (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanl...

ANZAC Day

On April 25, 1990, to mark the 75th anniversary of the Gallipoli landing, government officials from Australia and New Zealand, most of the last surviving Gallipoli veterans, and many Australian and New Zealand tourists travelled to Turkey for a special dawn service at Gallipoli. Attendance at the ANZAC Day dawn service at Gallipoli has since become popular. Upwards of 10,000 people have attended services in Gallipoli. April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). ... This article is about the year. ... An anniversary (from the Latin anniversarius, from the words for year and to turn, meaning (re)turning yearly; known in English since c1230) is a day that commemorates and/or celebrates a past event that occurred on the same day of the year as the initial event. ... ANZAC Day Dawn Service at Australian War Memorial, 25 April 2005, 90th anniversary Australia and New Zealand commemorate the ANZAC Day public holiday on April 25 every year to honour the bravery and sacrifice of the members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), and of all those...

Until 1999 the Gallipoli dawn service was held at the Ari Burnu war cemetery at Anzac Cove, but the growing numbers of people attending resulted in the construction of a more spacious site on North Beach, known as the "Anzac Commemorative Site". 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Graves at Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York A cemetery is a place (usually an enclosed area of land) in which dead bodies are buried. ... Anzac Cove looking towards Ari Burnu, 1915. ...

Influence on the arts

The Battle of Gallipoli is the subject of a 1981 movie, entitled Gallipoli, directed by Peter Weir and starring Mel Gibson. The film has been criticised for portraying the campaign as a mainly Australian one. In fact twice as many British troops died at Gallipoli as ANZACs. Eric Bogle wrote in 1972 his famous And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda after having watched in Australia a parade of elderly veterans of the Gallipoli campaign. Versions of this song were later recorded by June Tabor and The Pogues separately. 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Film refers to the celluloid media on which movies are printed. ... Gallipoli is a 1981 film, directed by Peter Weir and starring Mel Gibson, about several young men from rural Western Australia who enlist in the Australian Imperial Force during the First World War. ... Peter Weir (born August 21, 1944) is an Australian film director. ... Mel Columcille Gerard Gibson (born January 3, 1956) is an Academy Award–winning U.S.-born, Australian-raised actor, director and producer, best known for acting in the Mad Max movie series, the Lethal Weapon series, acting in and directing the Academy Award–winning Braveheart and directing the 2004 blockbuster... Eric Bogle (born September 23, 1944) is a Scottish-born Australian singer and songwriter. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... And The Band Played Waltzing Matilda is a song written by Eric Bogle in 1972 that commemorates the battle between Australian and Turkish forces at Gallipoli during the First World War. ... June Tabor (born 1947) is an English folk singer. ... The Pogues are a very popular Irish folk rock band of the 1980s and 1990s. ...

The campaign is also the subject of a 2005 documentary, also named Gallipoli, by the Turkish filmmaker Tolga Örnek, showing the bravery and the suffering on both sides through the use of surviving diaries and letters of the soldiers. For this film he has been awarded an honorary medal in the general division of the Order of Australia.[3] 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Gallipoli (Turkish title Gelibolu) is a 2005 film by Turkish filmmaker Tolga Örnek. ...

Ecclesiastical history

A titular see of Thrace, now called Gallipoli. Callipolis was a bishopric depending on Heracleia. Lequien (I, 1123) mentions only six Greek bishops, the first as being present at Ephesus in 431, when the see was united to that of Coela (Coelia or Coele), the last about 1500. His list could easily be increased, for the Greek Orthodox see still exists; it was raised in 1904 to the rank of a metropolis, without suffragans, after the manner of most Greek metropolitan sees. Lequien (III, 971) also gives the names of eight Latin bishops, from 1208 to 1518. (See Eubel, I, 269, note.) There are numerous schools and a small museum; a large cemetery is the resting place of many French soldiers who died of disease (chiefly cholera) during the Crimean War. The port is bad and trade unimportant, for want of roads. A Catholic mission was conducted in the Ottoman days by Assumpionist Fathers; there are also a number of Armenian and Greek Catholics, with priests of their respective rites. Combatants United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Second French Empire, Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Strength 250,000 British 400,000 French 10,000 Sardinian 1,200,000 Russian Casualties 17,500 British 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 2,050 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of...

Sources and references

(incomplete)

• This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia. [4]

The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Catholic Encyclopedia (also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia today) is an English-language encyclopedia published in 1913 by the The Encyclopedia Press, designed to give authoritative information on the entire cycle of Catholic interests, action and doctrine. // History The writing of the encyclopedia began on January 11...

	Districts of Çanakkale
Çanakkale | Ayvacık | Bayramiç | Biga | Bozcaada | Çan | Eceabat | Ezine | Gelibolu | Gökçeada | Lapseki | Yenice | Image File history File links Canakkale_Turkey_Provinces_locator. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... The Çanakkale seafront, with wooden horse from the 2004 film Troy Çanakkale, pronounced , is a town and seaport in Turkey, in Çanakkale Province, on the southern (Asiatic) coast of the Dardanelles (or Hellespont). ... Ayvacık is a district of Çanakkale Province, Turkey. ... Bayramiç is a district of Çanakkale Province, Turkey. ... Biga is a district of Çanakkale Province, Turkey. ... Gökçeada and Bozcaada are two islands in the Aegean Sea which are part of Canakkale Province in Turkey. ... Çan is a district of Çanakkale Province, Turkey. ... Eceabat is a district of Çanakkale Province, Turkey. ... Ezine is a district of Çanakkale Province, Turkey. ... This article is about the Turkish town. ... Part of the Venetian fortress on Bozcaada island Gökçeada and Bozcaada are two islands in the Aegean Sea which are part of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. ... Lapseki is a district of Çanakkale Province, Turkey. ... Yenice is a district of Çanakkale Province, Turkey. ...