Game of Shadows is a book published on March 23, 2006 and was written by Mark Fainaru-Wada and Lance Williams, reporters for the San Francisco Chronicle. When Sports Illustrated released excerpts from the book on March 7, it generated considerable publicity because the book chronicles alleged extensive use of performance-enhancing drugs, including several different types of steroids and growth hormones, by San Francisco Giants outfielder Barry Bonds. Image File history File links Game_of_Shadows. ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (83rd in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Lance Williams and Mark Fainaru-Wada are reporters for the San Francisco Chronicle who co-authored the book Game of Shadows, which chronicled baseball slugger Barry Bondss steroid use. ... Todays San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. ... The first issue of Sports Illustrated, August 16, 1954, showing Milwaukee Braves star Eddie Mathews at bat in Milwaukee County Stadium. ... March 7 is the 66th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (67th in leap years). ... Doping drugs on display at The Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland In sports, doping refers to the use of performance-enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids, particularly those that are forbidden by the organizations that regulate competitions. ... Chemical structure of the natural anabolic hormone testosterone, 17b-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one. ... Growth hormone (GH or somatotropin) is a 191-amino acid, single chain polypeptide hormone which is synthesised, stored and secreted by the somatotroph cells within the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary gland, which stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans and other animals. ... Major league affiliations National League (1883–present) West Division (1969–present) Current uniform Retired Numbers NY, NY, 3, 4, 11, 24, 27, 30, 36, 42, 44 Name San Francisco Giants (1958–present) New York Giants (1885-1957) New York Gothams (1883-1885) Troy Union Cities / Trojans (1879-1882) Ballpark AT... Barry Lamar Bonds (born July 24, 1964 in Riverside, California) is a Major League left fielder for the San Francisco Giants. ...

Investigation

Fainaru-Wada and Williams conducted a two-year investigation centering on the BALCO sports nutrition center, its founder Victor Conte, and Greg Anderson, who served as a personal trainer (and alleged steroid supplier) for Bonds, Gary Sheffield, and Jason Giambi. In the book, the authors provide a summary of their sources, which include over 200 interviews that were conducted in the course of the investigation and over 1000 documents including affidavits from BALCO investigators and grand jury testimony. Based on their findings, Fainaru-Wada and Williams provide reasons that they believe Bonds and the other athletes decided to start taking steroids, and in some cases they provide detailed outlines of the specific steroid regimens set up by Anderson. Other athletes are implicated in the book, including Benito Santiago, track stars Marion Jones and Tim Montgomery, and NFL linebacker Bill Romanowski.^[1] The Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) is a controversial sports nutrition center in Burlingame, California, USA. The company achieved infamy due to a long investigation in accusations that the lab provided anabolic steroids and other banned performance-enhancing drugs to athletes, many famous. ... Victor Conte is the founder and president of Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO), a controversial sports nutrition center in Burlingame, California, which the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) says developed the banned steroid tetrahydrogestrinone (THG). ... Greg F. Anderson (b. ... Gary Antonian Sheffield (born November 18, 1968 in Tampa, Florida) is a Major League Baseball player for the Detroit Tigers. ... Jason Gilbert Giambi (born January 8, 1971) is a Major League Baseball first baseman and designated hitter for the New York Yankees. ... Benito Santiago autograph on a 1989 Fleer baseball card - 1989 Series, #316 Benito Santiago Rivera (born March 9, 1965), a native of Santa Isabel, Puerto Rico, is a former MLB baseball catcher. ... A womens 400m hurdles race on a typical outdoor red rubber track. ... Marion Jones (born October 12, 1975 in Los Angeles, California) is an American athlete of Belizean and African American descent. ... Timothy Montgomery (born January 25, 1975) is a former American athlete and 100 m record holder. ... NFL logo For other uses of the abbreviation NFL, see NFL (disambiguation). ... A linebacker is a position in American and Canadian football. ... William Thomas Romanowski (born April 2, 1966 in Vernon, Connecticut) is a former American football player. ...

Barry Bonds allegations

The book is among the most damaging accounts of reported steroid use by Bonds. According to the authors, Bonds began using stanozolol, the same drug for which Ben Johnson tested positive after winning the 100 meters at the 1988 Summer Olympics, starting in the 1999 season. By 2001, the year Bonds broke Mark McGwire's single-season home run record with 73, he was alleged to be using the following performance-enhancers: Stanozolol, sold under the name Winstrol, was developed by Winthrop Laboratories in 1962. ... Benjamin Sinclair Ben Johnson CM (born December 30, 1961) is a controversial former Canadian athlete, best known for his disqualification for doping use after winning the 100 m final in the 1988 Summer Olympics. ... The 1988 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad, were held in 1988 in Seoul, South Korea. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

• "The cream and the clear," two alleged designer steroids distributed by BALCO
• Human growth hormone allegedly sold on the black market by cancer patients to whom it was legitimately prescribed
• Insulin, which reportedly enhances the bodybuilding effects of growth hormone
• Testosterone decanoate, a steroid often nicknamed "Mexican beans" or "Red beans"
• Trenbolone, a steroid typically used in livestock, especially cattle
• Stanozolol, sold under the brand name Winstrol

The authors also allege that at other times he used: The cream is a testosterone-based ointment that is used in conjunction with anabolic steroids such as tetrahydrogestrinone (also known as the clear) in order to mask doping in professional athletes. ... Tetrahydrogestrinone Tetrahydrogestrinone (often referred to as THG or the clear) is an anabolic steroid. ... Human growth hormone can refer to: For physiology of human growth hormone, see growth hormone. ... Insulin (from Latin insula, island, as it is produced in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas) is a polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism. ... Trenbolone is an anabolic steroid used by veterinarians on livestock to increase muscle growth and appetite. ...

• Clomid, a drug normally prescribed for infertility used to mask the effects of steroid use
• Deca-Durabolin, a common steroid used by bodybuilders
• Norbolethone, a steroid developed for the meat industry in the 1960s but never marketed because of doubts about its safety. This drug was the foundation of "the clear," which was reformulated at least twice.

According to the book, Bonds was inspired to use steroids after watching McGwire's 1998 home run record chase with Sammy Sosa. He began working with Greg Anderson, who would later be hired by the Giants. Anderson reportedly received the substances at issue from BALCO. He also kept meticulous records of Bonds' program; the authors report that Anderson's records indicate that Bonds took up to 20 pills a day and learned to inject himself. The book also claimed that the Giants chose not to confront Bonds about his change in physical appearance, fearing that they would alienate their star slugger, or worse from the team's standpoint, create a drug scandal immediately before the opening of their new stadium. Clomifene (INN) or clomiphene (USAN and former BAN) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), used mainly in female infertility due to anovulation (e. ... Infertility is the inability to naturally conceive a child or to carry a pregnancy to full term. ... Nandrolone is an anabolic steroid occurring naturally in the human body, albeit in small quantities. ... Samuel (Sammy) Peralta Sosa (born November 12, 1968 in San Pedro De Macoris, Dominican Republic) is a right fielder/designated hitter for the Texas Rangers of the MLB. He has formerly played for the Texas Rangers, Chicago White Sox, Chicago Cubs and Baltimore Orioles. ... AT&T Park (formerly SBC Park and Pacific Bell Park) is an open-air baseball stadium, home to the San Francisco Giants of the National League. ...

The book also asserts that Bonds "had never used a performance enhancer more potent than a protein shake from the health-food store" before 1998. However, several months earlier, Stan Antosh, a California biochemist whose company, Osmo Labs, was the first American company to sell androstenedione (a prohormone notably used by McGwire and not banned by Major League Baseball until 2004), told ESPN The Magazine that he had sold "andro" to Bonds in January 1997.^[2] Androstenedione (also known as 4-androstenedione) is a 19-carbon steroid hormone produced in the adrenal glands and the gonads as an intermediate step in the biochemical pathway that produces the androgen testosterone and the estrogens estrone and estradiol. ... A prohormone is a chemical compound that is a precursor to an actual hormone (usually an anabolic like testosterone or some variant), which is taken in order to boost the body’s available hormone supply. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Bonds sued the authors and publisher of the book over its use of grand jury documents and tried to block the publishers and authors from profiting from such documents.^[3] On March 24, Judge James Warren denied the request, citing free speech protections for the authors and that the lawsuit had little chance for success.^[4] On June 12, 2006, Barry Bonds dropped his lawsuit against the authors. Michael Rains, Bonds’ attorney, stated that he dropped the lawsuit because the authors had been subpoenaed to be part of an investigation into who leaked the secret grand jury transcripts, which is what Bonds wanted all along. March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (84th in leap years). ... The Bill of Rights in the National Archives The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is a part of the United States Bill of Rights. ... June 12 is the 163rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (164th in leap years), with 202 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

On May 5, 2006, Mark Fainaru-Wada and Lance Williams were subpoenaed to testify before a federal grand jury about how they obtained Barry Bonds' leaked grand jury testimony. On May 31, 2006, the authors urged U.S. District Judge Martin Jenkins of San Francisco to excuse them from testifying. This appeal was supported by affidavits from Washington Post reporter Carl Bernstein and Mark Corallo, a former press secretary to former Attorney General John Ashcroft. On August 15, 2006, U.S. District Judge Jeffrey White ordered Fainaru-Wada and Williams to comply with their subpoenas and testify, lest they be held in contempt and incarcerated until such time as they decide to talk or if the grand jury term expires. They may also be freed from this obligation if a higher court blocks the ruling. The reporters have previously stated that they would rather go to jail than testify.^[5] May 5 is the 125th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (126th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... A grand jury is a type of jury, in the common law legal system, which determines if there is enough evidence for a trial. ... May 31 is the 151st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (152nd in leap years), with 214 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Judge Martin J. Jenkins (born 1954) is a federal judge in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California in San Francisco. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... An affidavit is a formal sworn statement of fact, signed by the declarant (who is called the affiant), and witnessed (as to the veracity of the affiants signature) by a taker of oaths, such as a notary public. ... ... Carl Bernstein (left) and Bob Woodward (right)This image is pending deletion. ... Mark Corallo is reportedly the founder and Principal Managing Member of Corallo Media Strategies, LLC. Mr. ... Seal of the United States Department of Justice The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see 28 U.S.C. Â§ 503) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement officer of the United States government. ... John David Ashcroft (born May 9, 1942) was the 79th Attorney General of the United States. ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

On 21 December 2006, Yahoo Sports reported that one of Victor Conte's initial defense lawyers, Troy Ellerman, had been targeted by the FBI as a possible source of leaks to unspecified members of the media during the Barry Bonds probe.^[6] On 22 December, the Associated Press reported that the federal government filed papers 21 December stating the two Chronicle reporters -- and authors of Game of Shadows -- should receive the maximum 18 months imprisonment for allegedly leaking grand jury information. On February 14, 2007, Ellerman plead guilty to leaking grand jury testimony. In the plea agreement, Ellerman will spend two years in jail and pay a $250,000 fine. The government also dropped their case against Williams and Fainaru-Wada.^[7] December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Yahoo! Sports was launched on December 8, 1997. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... February 14 is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• 2006 Baseball steroids investigation
• Steroids in baseball

On March 29, 2006, ESPN learned that former Senator and Disney chairman George J. Mitchell will head an investigation into past steroid use by Major League Baseball players, including San Francisco Giants outfielder Barry Bonds. ... The question of steroid use in baseball has been an ongoing issue for Major League Baseball since the mid 1990s and into the 21st century. ...

References

March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (83rd in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... March 7 is the 66th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (67th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (84th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (84th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 22 is the 265th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (266th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... February 14 is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ...

External links

• Official site accessed March 23, 2006
• "Book details Bonds' steroid regimen", ESPN.com, March 7, 2006
• The Truth About Barry Bonds and Steroids: Sports Illustrated, March 7, 2006
• "Latest revelations seal the deal for Bonds' legacy", Gene Wojciechowski, ESPN.com, March 7, 2006
• "Bonds unyielding before grand jury during BALCO steroid investigation", Mark Fainaru-Wada and Lance Williams, San Francisco Chronicle, March 12, 2006
• Bonds book authors subpoenaed: CBC Sports, May 6, 2006
• Reporters challenge Bonds' leak subpoena: Boston.com, May 31, 2006