Politics and history

• In Chinese history, the Gang of Four was a group of Communist politicians based in Shanghai. They were among the main leaders of the Cultural Revolution. Most other references to a "Gang of Four" are named by allusion to this one.
• In East Asian history, the Gang of Four (or the Asian Tigers) refers to South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong as newly industrialized countries with shared economic characteristics.
• In British history, the Gang of Four were the four leading members of the Labour Party who left the party to found the rival Social Democratic Party in 1981. These were Shirley Williams, William Rodgers, Roy Jenkins, and David Owen. The party was intended to "break the mould" of adversarial British politics. It eventually merged with the Liberal Party. Originally Williams, Rodgers, and Owen were known as the "Gang of Three" until they and Jenkins became allied.
• In Australian politics, the Gang of Four was a term commonly used by the media to describe Democrat Senators Lyn Allison, Andrew Murray, Aden Ridgeway, and John Cherry, after they controversially toppled party leader Natasha Stott Despoja.
• In Papua New Guinea, the Gang of Four were four prominent civil service chiefs who had significant influence over public policy in the years after independence was granted in 1975. They were Sir Mekere Morauta, Sir Rabbie Namaliu, Sir Anthony Siaguru and Charles Lepani. Morauta and Namaliu later went on to become Prime Ministers of Papua New Guinea.

This does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Politics is the process by which groups make decisions. ... Shanghai (Chinese: ; pinyin:  ; Shanghainese: ), situated on the banks of the Yangtze River Delta in East China, is the largest city of the Peoples Republic of China and the eighth largest in the world. ... The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: WúchÇŽn JiÄ“jí Wénhuà Dà Gémìng; literally Proletarian Cultural Great Revolution; often abbreviated to 文化大革命 wénhuà dà gémìng, literally Great Cultural Revolution, or even simpler, to 文革 wéngé, Cultural Revolution) in the People... East Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Countries in green are considered NICs. ... The Labour Party is a centre-left or social democratic political party in Britain (see British politics), and one of the United Kingdoms three main political parties. ... The Social Democratic Party (SDP) was a political party of the United Kingdom that existed nationwide between 1981 and 1988. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Baroness Williams of Crosby Shirley Williams, Baroness Williams of Crosby, PC (born July 27, 1930), is a British politician. ... William Thomas Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank, PC (born 1928), usually known as William Rodgers but also often known as Bill Rodgers, was one of the Gang of Four of senior British Labour Party politicians who defected to form the Social Democratic Party (or SDP). ... Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead, OM, PC (November 11, 1920 – January 5, 2003) was a British politician and a prominent Labour Member of Parliament in the 1960s and 1970s, and founding member of the Social Democratic Party (SDP). ... The Right Honourable David Anthony Llewellyn Owen, Baron Owen, CH, PC (born July 2, 1938) is a British politician and one of the founders of the British Social Democratic Party (SDP). ... The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the 1920s, and a third party of varying strength and importance up to 1988, when it merged with the Social Democratic Party to form a new party which would become known as... Judicial High Court Lower Courts Constitution State and territory governments Executive Governors and Administrators Premiers and Chief Ministers Legislative Parliaments and Assemblies State electoral systems ACT - NSW - NT - Qld. ... The Australian Democrats (in regular parlance, just the Democrats), is an Australian social liberal party formed in 1977 from the earlier Australia Party by Don Chipp, who left the Liberal Party of Australia to do so. ... Lyn Allison Lynette Fay Lyn Allison (born 21 October 1946), has been an Australian Democrats member of the Australian Senate since July 1996, representing the state of Victoria. ... Andrew James Marshall Murray (born 29 January 1947), Australian politician, has been an Australian Democrats member of the Australian Senate since July 1996, representing Western Australia. ... Aden Ridgeway Aden Derek Ridgeway (born 18 September 1962), Australian politician, was a member of the Australian Senate for New South Wales, from 1999 to 2005, representing the Australian Democrats. ... Image:JohnCherry. ... Natasha Stott Despoja Natasha Jessica Stott Despoja (born 9 September 1969), Australian politician, has been an Australian Democrats member of the Australian Senate for South Australia since November 1995. ... Sir Mekere Morauta (b. ... The Right Honourable Rabbie Namaliu (born 1948) is the current foreign minister of Papua New Guinea. ... List of Prime Ministers of Papua New Guinea Sir Michael Somare (1975-1980) Sir Julius Chan (1980-1982) Sir Michael Somare (1982-1985) Paias Wingti (1985-1988) Sir Rabbie Namaliu (1988-1992) Paias Wingti (1992-1994) Sir Julius Chan (1994-1997) Bill Skate (1997-1999) Sir Mekere Morauta (1999-2002...

Entertainment and leisure

• Gang of Four, the English post-punk rock band formed in the late 1970s.
• In comic books, the Gang of Four was a subset of the Oriental Heroes, a superhero group featured in a comic of the same name made in Hong Kong, and distributed by Jademan Comics. They consisted of Baldie (the leader of the group), Four-Eyed Ming, One-Eyed Draco, and Heartbreak Kid. All were practitioners of kung fu and qigong.
• In movies, the Gang of Four are the villains in the over-the-top violent Chinese film, Riki-Oh.
• Gang of Four is a card game based on the shifting politics of the Cultural Revolution period in Chinese history.
• Gang of Four (La bande des quatre), a 1988 French film directed by Jacques Rivette

The Gang of Four was an English post-punk group from Leeds. ... Post punk generally refers to the particularly fertile and creative period following the initial punk rock explosion. During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1976-1983, bands such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock... Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... A comic book is a magazine or book containing the art form of comics. ... This article may contain original research or unverified claims. ... Alternative meaning: Kung Fu (TV series) Kung fu or gongfu (功夫, Pinyin: gōngfu) is a well-known Chinese term used in the West to designate Chinese martial arts. ... Qigong (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: qìgōng; Wade-Giles: chi4 kung1; Thai: ) or Energy-Cultivation, is an aspect of Chinese medicine involving the coordination of different breathing patterns with various physical postures and motions of the body. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Jacques Rivette (born March 1, 1928) is a French film director. ...

Technology

• In software engineering, the Gang of Four (or GoF) are Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson and John Vlissides, authors of the seminal book Design Patterns.
• In wide-area networking, Gang of Four is a type of Local Management Interface (LMI), used with Frame Relay technology; the others are Annex A (CCITT) and Annex D (ANSI). The name comes from the companies who developed and adopted the standard for enhanced interoperability: Cisco Systems, StrataCom, DEC, and Nortel Networks.
• In Australian telecommunications, the Gang of Four refers to the peering arrangement between Telstra, Optus, MCI and AAPT.

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