Ganglioside is a compound composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (AKA n-acetylneuraminic acid) linked on the sugar chain. It is a component the cell plasma membrane which modulates cell signal transduction events. They have recently been found to be highly important in immunology. Natural and semisynthetic gangliosides are considered possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders [1]. Glycosphingolipids are a subtype of glycolipids containing the amino alcohol sphingosine. ... Ceramides are the amides of fatty acids where one long chain fatty acid is a di- or tri- hydroxyl. ... An oligosaccharide is a saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically three to six) of component sugars, also known as simple sugars. ... Sialic acid Sialic acid is a derivative of a nine-carbon monosaccharide, named from the Greek σιαλοσ (sialos) saliva. It is the negative charge of this chemical that is responsible for the slippery feel of saliva and mucins coating the body’s organs. ... Carbohydrates are chemical compounds that contain oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon atoms. ... Drawing of a cell membrane A component of every biological cell, the cell membrane (or plasma membrane) is a thin and structured bilayer of phospholipid and protein molecules that envelopes the cell. ... The word transduction has several meanings: In developmental psychology, transduction is reasoning from specific cases to specific cases, typically employed by children. ... Immunology is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. ...
A disease of the accumulation of gangliosides is called "Gangliosidosis" (ICD-10 E75.0-E75.1). GM2 is also known as Tay-Sachs disease. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) is a detailed description of known diseases and injuries. ... Tay-Sachs disease (abbreviated TSD) is a fatal genetic disorder, inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance called ganglioside GM2 accumulate in the nerve cells in the brain. ...
Ganglioside is a compound composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (AKA n-acetylneuraminic acid) linked on the sugar chain.
It is a component of the cell plasma membrane which modulates cell signal transduction events.
Natural and semisynthetic gangliosides are considered possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders [1].
Gangliosides (Gsd) (i) are complex molecules that have sugar-like (saccharides) and oil-like (lipid) components; (ii) are assembled and present in numerous tissues, including neurons and myelin (1-9); and are linked to autism, schizophrenia, and other neurologic disorders (10-14).
However,studies linking (i) nanomolar concentrations of gangliosides, and (ii) impaired immune function suggest the possibility that heterozygosity for mutations of one or several ganglioside-degradation enzymes are risk factors that increase susceptibility for the development of autism and even for other disorders (eg, schizophrenia, lymphoma, leukemia; see additional findings in citation 1).
As gangliosides are known to modulate receptor-dependent processes in various cell types, we have evaluated the effect of these molecules on mast cell mediator release.
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