The Garden Ring, also known as the "B" Ring (Russian: Садовое кольцо, кольцо "Б") is a circular avenue in the centre of Moscow, Russia. A circular may be: the adjective form of circle an advertisement which is circulated a Pastoral letter, Encyclic, or Papal bull that is circulated between churches a circular argument is a term for a type of logical fallacy where the very thing that is trying to be proved is assumed... Avenue can mean any of the following: Most commonly, it refers to two parallel lines of trees specially planted as a landscape feature. ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: ) is the capital of Russia and the countrys principal political, economic, financial, educational and transportation center, located on the river Moskva. ...

Garden Ring near Kudrinskaya Square

Historically Moscow was surrounded by a series of fortifications one of which was Zemlyanoi Val. After the 1812 Moscow Fire the city began rapidly expanding beyond it and the Val was razed and the moat around it filled up. The space between buildings was neatly rearranged into a pleasant avenue consisting of cobblestoned roads and sidewalks no wider than 25 metres and public gardens (hence the name) and boulevards taking place in the open space. In the 1870s, a monorail for horsecars called konka (конка) was installed, and later replaced by a tram in 1908. This was known as the "B" route (or a "bug" (букашка) in popular language). Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 1450 KB) Immeuble darchitecture stalinienne à Moscou Gérard Janot 21:58, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) File links The following pages link to this file: Seven Sisters (Moscow) Garden Ring Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 1450 KB) Immeuble darchitecture stalinienne à Moscou Gérard Janot 21:58, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) File links The following pages link to this file: Seven Sisters (Moscow) Garden Ring Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... A cobblestone-covered street Cobblestones are stones used in the pavement of early streets. ... A sidewalk (North American English), or pavement or footpath (Commonwealth English), is a path, usually constructed of concrete (particularly in the United States, and Canada), asphalt, brick (particularly in Europe) or stone, designed for pedestrian traffic and often running alongside a road. ... Part of a garden in Bristol, England A flower bed in the gardens of Bristol Zoo, England Checkered flower bed in Tours, France A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. ... A typical boulevard in Valencia, California. ... // Events and Trends Technology The invention of the telephone (1876) by Alexander Graham Bell. ... The KL Monorail in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, a modern straddle-beam monorail A monorail is a transit system, resembling a metro or railroad with a track consisting of a beam (guideway), not a single rail as is commoly thought, as opposed to the traditional track with two parallel rails. ... A horsecar was an animal-powered streetcar (or tram). ... A Philadelphia PCC trolley car in 1965 Volkswagen Cargo-Tram in Dresden on a section of grassed track. ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

At the turn of the 20th century, the avenue saw intensive construction of multistorey commercial, administrative, and residential buildings. Many streets and squares of the Garden Ring did not escape heavy street fighting in the unrests of 1905 and 1917 revolutions. In the 1930s, coinciding with Lazar Kaganovich's Moscow redevelopment plan the Garden Ring was widened (at the expense of public gardens). In 1936-1937, trolleys replaced the dismantled tram lines. During the war solid fortifications were installed in some parts of the Garden Ring. The ring also saw the infamous parade of German Prisoners in 1944. In 1948-1954, three out seven skyscrapers were erected on the Garden Ring. In the early 1950, the Koltsevaya Line of the Moscow Metro was put in operation, with southern circumference following the Garden Ring. Starting from the 1960s the avenue was gradually transformed into a highway with tunnels, overpasses, and pedestrian subways replacing streetlights. Currently plans exist to complete the transformation and install a solid barrier in the centre dividing the direction of traffic. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Lazar Moiseyevich Kaganovich (Ла́зарь Моисе́евич Кагано́вич) (November 22, 1893–July 25, 1991) was a Soviet politician and a supporter of Joseph Stalin. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article refers to the mass transit vehicle running on rails. ... Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead:17 million Civilian dead:33 million Total dead:50 million Military dead:8 million Civilian dead:4 million Total dead:12 million World War II... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The apartment building on Kotyelnicheskaya Nabyerezhnaya (Котельническая набережная) in Moscow. ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... edit The Koltsevaya Line (Russian: ), also known as the Ring Line, is a line of the Moscow Metro. ... A current map of the Moscow Metro. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ... A disused railway tunnel now converted to pedestrian and bicycle use, near Houyet, Belgium A tunnel is an underground passage. ... Overpass in East Potomac Park, Washington, D.C. Flyover in Miami Beach, Florida An overpass (In UK, most Commonwealth countries flyover) is a bridge, road or similar structure that crosses over another road. ... A pedestrian at the intersection of Alinga Street and Northbourne Avenue, Canberra, Australia Look up Pedestrian on Wiktionary, the free dictionary A pedestrian is a person travelling on foot, whether walking or running. ...