? Garlic Mustard
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Capparales Family: Brassicaceae Genus: Alliaria Species: A. petiolata
Binomial name
Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande

Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) is a flowering plant in the Mustard family, Brassicaceae. It is native to Europe, western and central Asia, and northwestern Africa, from Morocco, Iberia and the British Isles, north to northern Scandinavia, and east to northern India and western China (Xinjiang). It often occurs along the margins of hedgerows, giving rise to the old British folk name of "Jack-by-the-hedge". The genus name Alliaria, "resembling Allium", refers to the garlic-like odour of the crushed foliage. This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms (as opposed to folk taxonomy). ... Divisions Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants Adiantum pedatum (a fern... Classes Magnoliopsida- Dicots Liliopsida- Monocots The flowering plants (also called angiosperms) are a major group of land plants. ... Young castor oil plant showing its prominent two embryonic leaves (cotyledons), that differ from the adult leaves An example of a trimerous and non-eudicot flower: Magnolia Dicotyledons or dicots are a group of flowering plants whose seed typically contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. ... Families See text The Brassicales are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the rosid group of dicotyledons. ... Genera See text. ... In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ... Classes Magnoliopsida- Dicots Liliopsida- Monocots The flowering plants (also called angiosperms) are a major group of land plants. ... Genera See text. ... Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... Africa is the worlds second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia. ... Iberia can mean: The Iberian peninsula of South west Europe; That part of it once inhabited by the Iberians, who spoke the Iberian language. ... The British Isles consist of Great Britain, Ireland (usually) and a number of much smaller surrounding islands. ... Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe named after the Scandinavian Peninsula. ... Xinjiang (Uyghur: (Shinjang); Chinese: 新疆; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsin1-chiang1; Postal Pinyin: Sinkiang), full name Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Uyghur: شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى (Shinjang Uyghur Aptonom Rayoni); Simplified Chinese: 新疆维吾尔自治区; Traditional Chinese: 新疆維吾爾自治區; Pinyin: Xīnjiāng Wéiwúěr Zìzhìqū), is an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... For other meanings, see hedge. ... Species See List of Allium species Allium is the onion genus with about 1250 species, mostly classified in its own family Alliaceae. ... Binomial name Allium sativum L. Garlic (Allium sativum) is a perennial plant in the family Alliaceae and genus Allium, closely related to the onion, shallot, and leek. ...

Close-up of Garlic Mustard flowers

It is a herbaceous biennial plant (sometimes an annual plant) growing to 30-100 cm (rarely to 130 cm) tall. The leaves are stalked, triangular to heart-shaped, 10-15 cm long (of which about half being the petiole) and 2-6 cm broad, with a coarsely toothed margin. In biennial specimens, first-year plants appear as a rosette of green leaves close to the ground; these rosettes remain green through the winter and develop into mature flowering plants the following spring. Others flower and complete their life-cycle in their first year. The flowers are produced in spring and summer in buttonlike clusters, each flower small, white, with four petals 4-8 mm long and 2-3 mm broad, in the shape of a cross. The fruit is an erect, slender, four-sided pod 2-7 cm long, called a silique, green maturing pale grey-brown, containing two rows of small shiny black seeds which are released when the pod splits open. A single plant can produce hundreds of seeds, which scatter as much as several metres from the parent plant. Depending upon conditions, garlic mustard flowers either self-fertilise or are cross-pollinated by a variety of insects. Self-fertilised seed is genetically identical to the parent plant, enhancing its ability to colonise an area. Although water may transport the seeds, they do not float well and are not carried far by wind. Long distance dispersal is most likely aided by human activities and wildlife. Download high resolution version (800x860, 151 KB)Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata). ... Download high resolution version (800x860, 151 KB)Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata). ... This article is about the plants used in cooking and medicine. ... A Biennial plant is a plant that takes between twelve and twenty-four months to complete its lifecycle. ... An annual plant is a plant that usually germinates, flowers and dies in one year. ... In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. ... A petiole (also called a pedicel) is the first abdominal segment of members of the Apocrita. ... Clivia miniata right hereflowers. ... Fruit stall in Barcelona, Catalonia. ... A silique is a fruit (seed pod) of 2 fused carpels that separate when ripe, leaving a peristant partition. ... A ripe red jalapeno cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ...

In Europe as many as 69 species of insects and 7 species of fungi utilise Garlic Mustard as a food plant, including the larvae of some Lepidoptera species such as the Garden Carpet moth. Classes & Orders See taxonomy Insects are invertebrate animals of the Class Insecta, the largest and (on land) most widely-distributed taxon within the phylum Arthropoda. ... Divisions Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota The Fungi (singular: fungus) are a large group of organisms ranked as a kingdom within the Domain Eukaryota. ... A larva (Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of animal with indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis (for example, insects or amphibians). ... Super Families Butterflies Hesperioidea Papilionoidea Moths Micropterigoidea Heterobathmioidea Eriocranioidea Acanthopteroctetoidea Lophocoronoidea Neopseustoidea Mnesarchaeoidea Hepialoidea Nepticuloidea Incurvarioidea Palaephatoidea Tischeriodea Simaethistoidea Tineoidea Gracillarioidea Yponomeutoidea Gelechioidea Zygaenoidea Sesioidea Cossoidea Tortricoidea Choreutoida Urodoidea Galacticoidea Schreckensteinioidea Epermenioidea Pterophoroidea Aluctoidea Immoidea Axioidea Hyblaeoidea Thyridoidea Whalleyanoidea Pyraloidea Mimallonoidea Lasiocampoidea Geometroidea Drepanoidea Bombycoidea Calliduloidae Hedyloidea Noctuoidea Families About... Binomial name Xanthorhoe fluctuata Linneaus, 1758 The Garden Carpet (Xanthorhoe fluctuata) is a moth of the family Geometridae. ...

Cultivation and uses

The leaves, flowers and fruit are edible as food for humans, and are best when young. They have a mild flavour of both garlic and mustard, and are used in salads. Since pre-historic times, humans have hunted wild animals and gathered wild plants. ... Trinomial name Homo sapiens sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Humans, or human beings, are animals biologically classified as bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian genus Homo, in particular to its only extant species, Homo sapiens (Latin for wise man or knowing man), under the family Hominidae (the great apes). ... A salad is a food item generally served either before or after the main dish as a separate course, as a main course in itself, or as a side dish accompanying the main dish. ...

Garlic mustard was introduced in North America in the 1850s and is considered an invasive species there. The insects and fungi that feed on it in natural conditions are not present in North America, increasing its seed productivity and allowing it to out-compete native plants there [1]. In addition, a recent study concluded that Garlic Mustard harms mycorrhizal fungi that some North American plants require for proper growth [2]. Additionally, because White-tailed Deer rarely eat Garlic Mustard, large deer populations may help to expand it by removing competing native plants and exposing the soil and seedbed through trampling. World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... The term invasive species refers to a subset of those species defined as introduced species or non-indigenous species. ... Millions of years ago, trees, flowers and grasses faced many natural stresses, such as low soil fertility, drought and temperature extremes. ... Binomial name Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann, 1780 The White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), also known as the Virginia Deer, is a medium-sized deer found throughout most of the continental United States, southern Canada, Mexico, Central America and northern portions of South America far south as Peru. ...

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Alliaria petiolata

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...

External links

• Flora Europaea: Alliaria petiolata
• Flora of China: Alliaria petiolata
• Flora of Pakistan: Alliaria petiolata
• Plants for a Future: Alliaria petiolata
• Garlic mustard recipes
• U.S. NPS guide