 Garratt on the Welsh Higland Railway
 Diagram of a Garratt locomotive A Garratt is a type of steam locomotive that is articulated, normally in three parts. Its boiler is mounted on the center frame, and two steam engines are mounted on separate frames, one on each end of the boiler. Because a Garratt locomotive has the wheel arrangement of two locomotives back to back, it is typically named "Double x," where x is a named arrangement. The 4-6-2 arrangement is often called the Pacific, so a 4-6-2+2-6-4 Garratt would be a Double Pacific. Image File history File linksMetadata WHR_Garratt_143. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata WHR_Garratt_143. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2490x845, 201 KB) Garratt Lokomotive Baureihe U südafrikanische Eisenbahn Fotograf unbekannt Scan: Stahlkocher digitale Nachbearbeitung: Zwergelstern Es handelt sich nicht um eine echte Garratt, sondern um eine sog. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2490x845, 201 KB) Garratt Lokomotive Baureihe U südafrikanische Eisenbahn Fotograf unbekannt Scan: Stahlkocher digitale Nachbearbeitung: Zwergelstern Es handelt sich nicht um eine echte Garratt, sondern um eine sog. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1386x181, 7 KB)Simplified diagram of a Double Hudson Garratt-style 4-6-4+4-6-4 locomotive. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1386x181, 7 KB)Simplified diagram of a Double Hudson Garratt-style 4-6-4+4-6-4 locomotive. ...
Great Western Railway No. ...
An articulated locomotive is a steam locomotive with one or more engine units which can move relative to the main frame. ...
A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated under pressure. ...
A steam engine is a heat engine that makes use of the thermal energy that exists in steam, converting it to mechanical work. ...
Locomotive wheel arrangement is how the wheels of the locomotive are arranged by type, position, and connections. ...
The Pennsylvania Railroads class K4s, a well known 4-6-2 type. ...
Development The concept for this type of locomotive was developed by Australian Herbert William Garratt, the New South Wales Railways' Inspecting Engineer in London, who first applied for a patent on the idea in 1907. Its principal advantage is that, because the weight of the engine is spread out over a large area, a very powerful locomotive can be operated on lightweight, narrow gauge track. Its second most obvious advantage is that a very large locomotive can turn in a comparatively sharper curve than a similarly large rigid-frame loco can. A third advantage is that one set of crew can operate the equivalent of two smaller engines that would require two crew. Herbert William Garratt (June 8, 1864 – September 25, 1913) was a steam locomotive mechanical engineer and the inventor of the Garratt system of articulated locomotives. ...
After much discussion in the young colony of New South Wales, the Sydney Railway Company was incorporated on 10 October 1849 with the aim of building a railway from Sydney to Parramatta. ...
Part of the London skyline viewed from the South Bank London is the most populous city in the European Union, with an estimated population on 1 January 2005 of 7,421,328 and a metropolitan area population of between 12 and 14 million. ...
A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a person for a fixed period of time in exchange for the regulated, public disclosure of certain details of a device, method, process or composition of matter (substance) (known as an invention) which is new, inventive and...
1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
Beyer-Garratt Garratt's patent was purchased by the British firm of Beyer-Peacock who developed it, marketed and sold it extensively, as well as licensing the design to other builders; for this reason, the name Beyer-Garratt is regularly used in many countries. The majority of Garratts were built in the United Kingdom. Just under two-thirds (1023 of 1651) were built by Beyer-Peacock, while the rest were constructed by a variety of licensees, including builders in Britain, France, Spain, Germany, Italy, Belgium, South Africa, Brazil, and Australia. Beyer-Peacock Locomotive manufacturer with factory in Manchester from 1854 untill 1966. ...
The Garratt was most widely used throughout Africa, but also appeared in Asia, Australia, South America, a few European countries, and the British Isles. British usage was slight, despite Beyer-Peacock's location. There were no Garratts in North America; all articulateds there were of the Mallet style (many were simple rather than compound, and thus not "true" Mallets). A typical European Mallet type, a narrow gauge 0-4-4-2 tank locomotive for a mountain railway (in this case, the RhB in Switzerland). ...
In the UK a single large Garratt (2-8-0+0-8-2, number 2395/69999 LNER Class U1) was built in 1925 for banking heavy coal trains on the Woodhead route. A class of 33 2-6-0+0-6-2 locomotives were built for the LMS and several 0-4-0+0-4-0s were built for industrial use, one of which is preserved. An official photograph of No. ...
The western portals of the Woodhead Tunnels in 2004, from the former Woodhead Station. ...
The London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Garratt was a class of Garratt 2-6-0+0-6-2 steam locomotive designed for heavy freight. ...
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS1) was a British railway company. ...
A display of a narrow gauge industrial sand train An industrial railway is a type of private railway used exclusively to serve a particular industry inside a mine or factory compound. ...
The New South Wales Government Railways introduced the 4-8-4+4-8-4 AD60 Garratt in 1952, built by Beyer Peacock. The AD60s weighed 265 tonnes, with only a 16 tonne axle loading. They had a tractive effort of 265kN, and were the most powerful locomotives in the southern hemisphere at that time. On one occassion, a 1220-tonne, double-headed, diesel freight failed on a 1 in 66 grade. An AD60 was used to clear the dead train from the section. It pulled the entire load (now 1450 tonnes) up the grade without any wheel slip. Motto: Orta Recens Quam Pura Nites (Newly Risen, How Brightly You Shine) Nickname: First State, Premier State Other Australian states and territories Capital Sydney Government Governor Premier Const. ...
Disadvantage The major disadvantage of a Garratt (shared with all Tank engines) is that the tractive weight reduces as the water is used from the tanks. This can lead to problems with slipping and is one reason why some of the locomotives used in Africa ran with an additional tank wagon containing water (this also reduced the axle load). A tank locomotive (occasionally tank engine) is a steam locomotive that carries its own fuel and water with it, instead of pulling it behind it in a tender. ...
// Etymology World map showing Africa (geographically) The name Africa came into Western use through the Romans, who used the name Africa terra — land of the Afri (plural, or Afer singular) — for the northern part of the continent, as the province of Africa with its capital Carthage, corresponding to modern-day...
Another disadvantage, when compared with two separate locomotives, is that both power units are controlled by one regulator, thus if one power unit slipped the steam to both was reduced as the driver tried to control the slipping.
The Garratt has a potential safety problem should it have to operate through tunnels, especially those of a narrow profile. Should a Garratt hauled train stall in a tunnel the crew may become trapped, since there is no route forward or backwards past the hot cylinders. A normal engine has hot cylinders at only one end, and there is always an escape route at the other end. In this way a Garratt crew is in exactly the same position as the crew of a pilot engine coupled to the front of a train to assist the train engine up a bank, and it is notable that such double-headed steam working in many tunnels was banned for precisely this reason of safety.
In Western Australia the use of the Australian Standard Garratt [ASG] of the 1940's through the state's only tunnel at Swan View caused serious problems as stated above, resulting in deaths and in a Royal Commision. Designed and built in Victoria in 1943, the ASG Garratt was also used in Queensland. However, by September 1945 the class had been withdrawn, as it had a tendancy to derail due to its unflanged leading coupled wheels. Queensland Rail later introduced Beyer Garratts and these were considerably more successful than the ASG. Motto: Cygnis Insignis (Distinguished by its swans) Nickname: Wildflower State Other Australian states and territories Capital Perth Government Governor Premier Const. ...
The Swan View Tunnel is located at Swan View, Western Australia on the edge of the Darling Scarp, and at the southern side of the Jane Brook valley. ...
Emperess Victoria of the United Kingdom etc. ...
Motto: Audax at Fidelis (Bold but Faithful) Nickname: Sunshine State/Smart State Other Australian states and territories Capital Brisbane Government Governor Premier Const. ...
QR, formerly known as Queensland Rail and Queensland Railways, is the corporation responsible for the operation and maintenance of the railway system in the State of Queensland, Australia. ...
In Tasmania the Emu Bay Railway utilised ASG engines with success and few problems at the same time. Tasmania by coincidence was also the location of the railway to run the very first Garratt locomotives the TGR K Class (K1 and K2). Motto: Ubertas et Fidelitas (Fertility and Faithfulness) Nickname: The Apple Isle Other Australian states and territories Capital Hobart Government Governor Premier Const. ...
Emu Bay Railway One of Australias important private railways, it ran from Zeehan to Burnie, carrying minerals and passengers as an essential service for the West Coast Tasmania community. ...
The Tasmanian Government Railways (TGR) K Class is a class of steam locomotive. ...
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