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Gas lighting is the process of burning piped natural gas or coal gas for illumination. Before electricity became sufficiently widespread and economical to allow for general public use, gas was the most popular means of lighting in cities and suburbs. Early gas lights had to be lit manually but soon gas lights could light themselves. Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane but including significant quantities of ethane, butane, propane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium and hydrogen sulfide. ...
Syngas (from synthesis gas) is the name given to gasses of varying composition that are generated in coal gasification and some types of waste-to-energy facilities. ...
Lighting includes both artificial light sources such as lamps and natural illumination of interiors from daylight. ...
Lightning strikes during a night-time thunderstorm. ...
History Download high resolution version (288x800, 45 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Download high resolution version (288x800, 45 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Motto: Miasto spotkań (the meeting place) Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship Lower Silesian Powiat city county Gmina Wrocław Established 10th century City Rights 1262 Government - Mayor Rafał Dutkiewicz Area - City 292. ...
Background Early lighting fuels consisted of olive oil, beeswax, fish oil, whale oil, sesame oil, nut oil, and similar substances. These were the most commonly used fuels until the late 18th century. Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive (Olea europaea), a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin. ...
For the rock song by Nirvana, see Beeswax (song). ...
Fish Oil is oil derived from fishes. ...
Whale oil is the oil obtained from the blubber of various species of whales of the genus Balaena, as , Greenland or right whale (northern whale-oil), (southern whale-oil), Balaenoptera longimana, Balaenoptera borealis (Finback oil, Finner whale-oil, Humpback oil). ...
Sesame oil (also known as gingelly oil and til oil) is an organic oil derived from sesames, noted to have the distinctive aroma and taste of its parent seed. ...
Public illumination preceded the discovery and adoption of gaslight by centuries. In 1417, Sir Henry Barton, mayor of London, ordained "lanterns with lights to be hanged out on the winter evenings between Hallowtide and Candlemasse." Paris was first lit by an order issued in 1524; and in the beginning of the sixteenth century the inhabitants were ordered to keep lights burning in the windows of all houses that faced the streets. In 1668, when some regulations were made for improving the streets of London, the residents were reminded to hang out their lanterns at the usual time; and in 1690 an order was issued to hang out a light, or lamp, every night as soon as it was dark, from Michaelmas to Christmas. By an act of the common council in 1716, all housekeepers, whose houses faced any street, lane, or passage, were required to hang out, every dark night, one or more lights, to burn from six to eleven o'clock, under the penalty of one shilling. Events Antipope Benedict XIII is deposed, and Pope Martin V is elected. ...
Henry Barton was elected Mayor of London in 1416. ...
The festival of All Saints, also sometimes known as All Saints Day, All Hallows or Hallowmas (hallows meaning saints, and mas meaning Mass), is a feast celebrated in the honour of all the saints, known and unknown. ...
Candlemas (Russian: Sretenie, Spanish: Candelaria) is a Christian feast commemorating the purification of the Virgin Mary and the presentation of the infant Jesus in the Temple. ...
City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) The Eiffel Tower in Paris, as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ...
Events March 1, 1524/5 - Giovanni da Verrazano lands near Cape Fear (approx. ...
1668 (MDCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Events Giovanni Domenico Cassini observes differential rotation within Jupiters atmosphere. ...
Michaelmas (pronounced ), or the Feast of Ss. ...
Christmas is an annual holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus. ...
// Events August 5 - In the Battle of Peterwardein 40. ...
Before decimalisation in 1971, a shilling had a value of 12d (old pence), and was equal to 1/20th of a pound: there were 240 (old) pence to the pound. ...
Coal and natural gases were known originally for their adverse effects rather than their useful qualities. Miners described two types, called the choke damp and the fire damp. In 1667 a paper detailing the effects of these was entitled, "A Description of a Well and Earth in Lancashire taking Fire, by a Candle approaching to it. Imparted by Thomas Shirley, Esq an eye-witness." Black damp, also known as stythe or choke damp is a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide found in some coal mines. ...
Fire-damp is composed chiefly of methane with varying percentages of other gases. ...
// Events January 20 - Poland cedes Kyiv, Smolensk, and eastern Ukraine to Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo that put a final end to the Deluge, and Poland lost its status as a Central European power. ...
Dr. Stephen Hales was the first person who procured a flammable fluid from the actual distillation of coal. His experiments with this object are related in the first volume of his Vegetable Statics, published in 1726. From the distillation of "one hundred and fifty-eight grains [10.2 g] of Newcastle coal, he states that he obtained one hundred and eighty cubic inches [2.9 L] of air, which weighed fifty-one grains [3.3 g], being nearly one third of the whole." These results seemed to have passed without notice for several years. Stephen Hales (September 17, 1677 - January 4, 1761) was an English physiologist, chemist and inventor. ...
Events George Friderich Handel becomes a British subject. ...
In the "Philosophical Transactions" for 1733, some properties of coal-gas are detailed in a paper called, "An Account of the Damp Air in a Coal-pit of Sir James Lowther, sunk within Twenty Yards of the Sea." This paper, contained some striking facts relating to the flammability and other properties of coal gas. Events February 12 - British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. ...
Sir James Lowther, 4th Baronet, FRS (1673 – 2 January 1755) was an English landowner, politician and industrialist. ...
The principal properties of coal-gas were demonstrated to different members of the Royal Society, and showed that after keeping the gas sometime, it still retained its flammability. Remarkably, the scientists of the time still saw no useful purpose for it. The premises of The Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ...
John Clayton, in an extract from a letter in the "Philosophical Transactions" for 1735, calls gas the "spirit" of coal; and discovered its flammability by an accident. This "spirit" happened to catch fire, by coming in contact with a candle, as it escaped from a fracture in one of his distillatory vessels. By preserving the gas in bladders, he entertained his friends, by exhibiting its flammability. John Clayton was also the birth name of the fictional character Tarzan. ...
Events April 16 - The London premiere of Alcina by George Frideric Handel, his first the first Italian opera for the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden. ...
The first gas lighting The man who first utilised the flammability of gas for the practical application of lighting, was William Murdoch (sometimes spelt 'Murdock'), who worked for Matthew Boulton and James Watt at their Soho Foundry steam engine works in Birmingham England. Murdoch began experimenting with various types of gas in the early 1790s, finally settling on coal gas as the most effective. In 1798 he used gas to light the main building of the Soho Foundry and in 1802 lit the outside in a public display of gas lighting, the lights astonishing the local population. One of the employees at the Soho Foundry, Samuel Clegg, saw the potential of this new form of lighting. Clegg left his job to set up his own gas lighting business, the Gas Lighting and Coke Company. William Murdoch. ...
Matthew Boulton. ...
James Watt James Watt (19 January 1736 – 19 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor and engineer whose improvements to the steam engine were fundamental to the changes wrought by the Industrial Revolution. ...
Soho Foundry is a factory created by Matthew Boulton and James Watt at Smethwick, near Birmingham, England, for the manufacture of steam engines. ...
Birmingham (pron. ...
Events and Trends French Revolution (1789 - 1799). ...
Coal Coal (IPA: ) is a fossil fuel formed in swamp ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ...
Year 1798 (MDCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ...
--69. ...
German inventor Freidrich Winzer (Winsor) was the first person to patent coal gas lighting in 1804 and a "thermolampe" using gas distilled from wood was patented in 1799. 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
In 1801, a M. Le Bon of Paris had also used gas lights to illuminate his house and gardens, and was considering how to light all of Paris. In 1820, Paris adopted gas street lighting. The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ...
1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
In 1804, Dr. Henry delivered a course of lectures on chemistry, at Manchester, in which he showed the mode of producing gas from coal, and the facility and advantage of its use. Dr. Henry analyzed the composition and investigated the properties of carburetted hydrogen gas. His experiments were numerous and accurate and made upon a variety of substances; having obtained the gas from wood, peat, different kinds of coal, oil, wax, &c. he quantified the intensity of the light from each source.
Josiah Pemberton, a tireless inventor, had for some time been experimenting on the nature of gas. A resident of Birmingham, his attention was probably roused by the exhibition at Soho. About 1806, he exhibited gas-lights in a variety of forms and with great brilliance, at the front of his manufactory in Birmingham. In 1808 he constructed an apparatus, applicable to several uses, for Benjamin Cooke, a manufacturer of brass tubes, gilt toys, and other articles. 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Year 1808 (MDCCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Benjamin Cooke (1734-1793) was a British composer and musician. ...
In 1808, Murdoch presented to the Royal Society a paper entitled "Account of the Application of Gas from Coal to Economical Purposes" an account of his successful application of coal gas to lighting the extensive establishment of Messrs. Phillips and Lea. For this paper he was awarded Count Rumford's gold medal. Murdoch's statements threw great light on the comparative advantage of gas and candles and contained much useful information on the expenses of production and management.
The first public street lighting with gas took place in Pall Mall, London on January 28, 1807. In 1812, Parliament granted a charter to the London and Westminster Gas Light and Coke Company, and the first gas company in the world came into being. A few years later, on December 31, 1813, the Westminster Bridge was lit by gas. January 28 is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1807 (MDCCCVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ...
For the overture by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture; For the wars, see War of 1812 (USA - United Kingdom) or Patriotic War of 1812 (France - Russia) For the Siberia Airlines plane crashed over the Black Sea on October 4, 2001, see Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 1812 was a leap year starting...
is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ...
As artificial lighting became more common, desire grew for it to become readily available to the public. This was in part because towns became much safer places to travel around after gas lamps were installed in the streets, reducing crime rates. In 1809, accordingly, the first application was made to parliament to incorporate a company in order to accelerate the process, but failed to pass. In 1810, however, the application was renewed by the same parties, and though some opposition was encountered and considerable expense incurred, the bill passed, but not without great alterations; and the London and Westminster Chartered Gas-Light and Coke Company was established. By 1816, Samuel Clegg obtained the patent for his horizontal rotative retort, his apparatus for purifying coal gas with cream of lime, and for his rotative gas meter and self-acting governor. Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ...
1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
Its Spread Following this success, gas lighting spread to other countries. In the United States, Baltimore in 1816 was the first city to light its streets with gas. The first introduction of gas lights in Rembrandt Peal's Museum in Baltimore in 1816 proved to be such a sensation and success that Peale quickly organized the first gas company in the United States and the city council passed an ordinance June 1816, permitted Peale to manufacture gas, lay pipes in the streets, and contract with the city for street lighting. Image File history File links Brdgl. ...
Image File history File links Brdgl. ...
Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Among the economic impacts of gas lighting was to allow factories to work much longer hours. This was particularly important in Great Britain during the winter months when nights were significantly longer. Factories could even work continuously over 24 hours, resulting in increased production.
In this year, 1817, at the three stations belonging to the Chartered Gas Company, 25 chaldron (24 m³) of coal were daily carbonized, producing 300,000 cubic feet (8,500 m³) of gas, which was equal to the supply of 75,000 Argand lamps, each yielding the light of six candles. At the City Gas Works, in Dorset-street, Black-friars, the quantity of coal daily carbonized amounted to, three chaldron, which afforded a quantity of gas adequate to the supply of 1,500 Argand lamps; so that twenty-eight chaldron of coal were daily carbonized at that time, and 76,500 lights supplied by those two companies only. 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
At this period the principal object of attention in the manufacture of gas was its purification. Mr. D. Wilson, of Dublin, took out a patent for purifying coal gas by means of the chemical action of ammoniacal gas. Another plan was devised by Mr. Reuben Phillips, of Exeter, who obtained a patent for the purification of coal gas by the use of dry lime. Mr. G. Holworthy, in 1818, took out a patent for a method of purifying it by causing the gas, in a highly-condensed state, to pass through iron retorts heated to a dark red. 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ...
By 1823 numerous towns and cities throughout Britain were lit by gas. Costing up to 75% less than lighting produced by oil lamps or candles helped to accelerate its development and deployment. By 1859, gas lighting was to be found all over Britain and 1000 gas works had sprung up to meet the demand for the new fuel. The brighter lighting which gas provided allowed people to read more easily and for longer. This helped to stimulate literacy and learning, speeding up the second Industrial Revolution. 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Oil gas appeared in the field as a rival of coal gas. In 1815, John Taylor had obtained a patent for an apparatus for the decomposition of oil and other animal substances; but the circumstance which more particularly attracted the public attention to oil gas was the erection of the patent apparatus at Apothecary's Hall, by Messrs. Taylors and Martineau. April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ...
In 1890, the invention of the gas mantle, attributed to the Austrian scientist Carl Welsbach eliminated the need for special illuminating gas to get bright shining flames. 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ...
For other uses of mantle see: mantle (disambiguation) An incandescent gas mantle, gas mantle, or Welsbach mantle is a device for generating bright white light when heated by a flame. ...
Illuminating gas was a synthetic mixture of hydrogen and hydrocarbon gases produced by destructive distillation (pyrolysis) of bituminous coal or peat. ...
Gas street lighting today In the early 20th century, most cities in the United States and Europe had gaslit streets. However, gas lighting for streets gave way to low-pressure sodium, and high-pressure mercury, lighting in the 1930s. Small incandescent electric lamps began to replace gas lights in homes in the late 19th century, although the transition took decades to complete. See, for example, Rural electrification. Face The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ...
Rural electrification is the process of bringing electrical power to rural and remote areas. ...
Gas lighting has not disappeared completely from cities.
 A gas lamp quietly hisses on a former East Berlin street in 2005. A few cities around the world still use gaslight. The largest gas lighting network in Europe is believed to be that of Nottingham Park Estate in the centre of the English city of Nottingham. Cincinnati, Ohio still uses gaslight in many of its residential neighborhoods. Quite a few streets in central London, the Royal Parks and the exterior of Buckingham Palace remain gaslit. Many smaller streets in Berlin are still illuminated by gas mantle lights as are many neighborhoods in cities that are trying to recall a nostalgic effect, for example, Beacon Hill in Boston, Massachusetts, the entire town of Glen Ridge, New Jersey, and New Orleans, Louisiana. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (498x677, 50 KB) Photo by R. W. Rynerson, March 2005, Gaslight hisses quietly on a Berlin side street near Alt-Glienecke. ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (498x677, 50 KB) Photo by R. W. Rynerson, March 2005, Gaslight hisses quietly on a Berlin side street near Alt-Glienecke. ...
Nottingham Park Estate is a residential estate which was built in what was once the deer park belonging to Nottingham Castle. ...
Nottingham is a city, unitary authority, and county town of Nottinghamshire in the East Midlands of England. ...
This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...
The Royal Parks of London are lands originally owned by the monarchy of England or the United Kingdom for the recreation of the royal family. ...
Buckingham Palace and the Victoria Memorial. ...
This article is about the capital of Germany. ...
Cutting down Beacon Hill, about 1800; a view from the north toward the Massachusetts State House. ...
Nickname: Location in Massachusetts, USA Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Suffolk County Settled 1630 Incorporated (city) 1822 Government - Mayor Thomas M. Menino (D) Area - City 89. ...
Map of Glen Ridge in Essex County Glen Ridge is a borough in Essex County, New Jersey, USA. As of the United States 2000 Census, the borough population was 7,271. ...
Nickname: Location in the State of Louisiana and the United States Coordinates: , Country United States State Louisiana Parish Orleans Founded 1718 Government - Mayor Ray Nagin (D) Area - City 350. ...
Many gas utility companies will still quote a fixed periodic rate for a customer-maintained gas lamp and homeowners still utilize such devices. However, the high cost of natural gas lighting[1] at least partly explain why a large number of older gas lamps have been converted to electricity.
Gas lighting is also seeing a resurgence in the luxury home market as a historical accuracy.
Other Usages Gaslighting is also a term for a form of psychological abuse. This usage derives from the film Gaslight (1940) and its 1944 remake. Following the premise of the movies, gaslighting is a deliberate attempt to convince someone that they are losing their grasp on reality, usually in order to gain some advantage over them. Gaslighting is a form of psychological abuse. ...
Gaslight is a 1940 film based on the Patrick Hamilton play Angel Street, in which a man marries a woman and tries to convince her she is crazy so that he can steal the jewels stored in her attic. ...
Gaslight is a 1944 film, considered film noir, directed by George Cukor starring Ingrid Bergman and Charles Boyer. ...
See also the Gaslight disambiguation page. Gas lighting (or gaslight, gas light) can refer the use of piped gas, most often either natural gas or coal gas, as a light source. ...
See also A Standard Household Light bulb This page is a list of sources of light. ...
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