This machine has a single-stage centrifugal compressor and turbine, a recuperator, and foil bearings.

A gas turbine extracts energy from a flow of hot gas produced by combustion of gas or fuel oil in a stream of compressed air. It has an upstream air compressor (radial or axial flow) mechanically coupled to a downstream turbine and a combustion chamber in between. "Gas turbine" may also refer to just the turbine element. Gas Turbine Cut-away This image came from: http://www. ... Gas Turbine Cut-away This image came from: http://www. ... A gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. ... A recuperator is a heat exchanger that helps boost the efficiency of some gas turbine engines. ... Foil Bearing Foil bearings are a type of hydrodynamic bearing. ... Compressor has several meanings: A gas compressor is a mechanical device that takes in a gas and increases its pressure by squeezing a volume of it into a smaller volume. ... An axial compressor is the name used in the aircraft industry to refer to a particular type of compressor used in jet engines. ... A Siemens steam turbine with the case opened. ... A Siemens steam turbine with the case opened. ...

Energy is released when compressed air is mixed with fuel and ignited in the combustor. The resulting gases are directed over the turbine's blades, spinning the turbine, and mechanically powering the compressor. Finally, the gases are passed through a nozzle, generating additional thrust by accelerating the hot exhaust gases by expansion back to atmospheric pressure. Compressed air is used to refer to: Pneumatics, the use of pressurized gases to do work, as used in the Air car Breathing gas, often used in scuba diving, also to inflate buoyancy devices Compressed air can also be used for cooling using a vortex tube. ... For other uses, see Fuel (disambiguation). ... The ignition system of an internal-combustion engine is an important part of the overall engine system that provides for the timely burning of the fuel mixture within the engine. ... A ring of can type combustors circles the mid section of this gas turbine. ... Rocket Nozzle A nozzle is a mechanical device designed to control the characteristics of a fluid flow as it exits from an enclosed chamber into some medium. ...

Energy is extracted in the form of shaft power, compressed air and thrust, in any combination, and used to power aircraft, trains, ships, electrical generators, and even tanks. “Flying Machine” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Train (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Ship (disambiguation). ... This article is about machines that produce electricity. ...

History

• 60: Hero's Engine (aeolipile) - apparently Hero's steam engine was taken to be no more than a toy, and thus its full potential not realized for centuries.
• 1500: The "Chimney Jack" was drawn by Leonardo da Vinci which was turning a roasting spit. Hot air from a fire rose through a series of fans which connect and turn the roasting spit.
• 1629: Jets of steam rotated a turbine that then rotated driven machinery allowed a stamping mill to be developed by Giovanni Branca.
• 1678: Ferdinand Verbeist built a model carriage relying on a steam jet for power.
• 1791: A patent was given to John Barber, an Englishman, for the first true gas turbine. His invention had most of the elements present in the modern day gas turbines. The turbine was designed to power a horseless carriage.
• 1872: The first true gas turbine engine was designed by Dr F. Stolze, but the engine never ran under its own power.
• 1894: Sir Charles Parsons patented the idea of propelling a ship with a steam turbine, and built a demonstration vessel (the Turbinia). This principle of propulsion is still of some use.
• 1895: Three 4-ton 100kW Parsons radial flow generators were installed in Cambridge Power Station, and used to power the first electric street lighting scheme in the city.
• 1903: A Norwegian, Ægidius Elling, was able to build the first gas turbine that was able to produce more power than needed to run its own components, which was considered an achievement in a time when knowledge about aerodynamics was limited. Using rotary compressors and turbines it produced 11 hp (massive for those days). His work was later used by Sir Frank Whittle.
• 1914: The first application for a gas turbine engine was filed by Charles Curtis.
• 1918: One of the leading gas turbine manufacturers of today, General Electric, started their gas turbine division.
• 1920. The then current gas flow through passages was developed by Dr A. A. Griffith to a turbine theory with gas flow past airfoils.
• 1930. Sir Frank Whittle patented the design for a gas turbine for jet propulsion. His work on gas propulsion relied on the work from all those who had previously worked in the same field and he has himself stated that his invention would be hard to achieve without the works of Ægidius Elling. The first successful use of his engine was in April 1937.
• 1934. Raúl Pateras de Pescara patented the free-piston engine as a gas generator for gas turbines.
• 1936. Hans von Ohain and Max Hahn in Germany developed their own patented engine design at the same time that Sir Frank Whittle was developing his design in England.

Events Boudicca sacks London (approximate date). ... An illustration of Herons aeolipile An aeolipile is a device consisting of an air-tight chamber (usually a sphere or cylinder) with bent or curved pipes projecting from it, through which steam is expelled perpendicular to the radius of rotation. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... “Da Vinci” redirects here. ... Events March 4 - Massachusetts Bay Colony is granted a Royal charter. ... Giovanni Branca (1571-1645) was an italian engineer and architect from Loretto who, in 1929, designed a steam turbine, which he didnt build. ... Events August 10 - Treaty of Nijmegen ends the Dutch War. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Charles Parsons might refer to: Charles Parsons (philosopher) who has made important contributions to the philosophy of mathematics Charles-Algernon-Parsons a British engineer known for his invention of the steam turbine Categories: Disambiguation ... Turbinia was the first steam turbine powered steamship, built as an experimental vessel in 1894 and demonstrated dramatically at the Spithead Navy Review in 1897, setting the standard for the next generation of steamships. ... Year 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the city in England. ... 1900 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Jens William Ægidius Elling (also Aegidus or Aegidius) (born July 26, 1861 - died 1949) was a Norwegian inventor who is considered to be the father of the gas turbine. ... Frank Whittle speaking to employees of the Flight Propulsion Research Laboratory (Now known as the NASA Glenn Research Center), USA, in 1946 Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, OM, KBE, FRS, Hon FRAeS (1 June 1907–9 August 1996) was an English Royal Air Force officer and is seen as the... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... “GE” redirects here. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Alan Arnold Griffith (b 13 June 1893 - 13 Oct 1963) was a British engineer, who, among many other contributions, is best known for his work on stress and fracture in metals that is now known as metal fatigue, as well as being one of the first to develop a strong... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Frank Whittle speaking to employees of the Flight Propulsion Research Laboratory (Now known as the NASA Glenn Research Center), USA, in 1946 Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, OM, KBE, FRS, Hon FRAeS (1 June 1907–9 August 1996) was an English Royal Air Force officer and is seen as the... This article should be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Fairbanks-Morse opposed piston diesel engines on the submarine USS Pampanito. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Frank Whittle speaking to employees of the Flight Propulsion Research Laboratory (Now known as the NASA Glenn Research Center), USA, in 1946 Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, OM, KBE, FRS, Hon FRAeS (1 June 1907–9 August 1996) was an English Royal Air Force officer and is seen as the...

Theory of operation

Gas turbines are described thermodynamically by the Brayton cycle, in which air is compressed isentropically, combustion occurs at constant pressure, and expansion over the turbine occurs isentropically back to the starting pressure. Thermodynamics (from the Greek θερμη, therme, meaning heat and δυναμις, dynamis, meaning power) is a branch of physics that studies the effects of changes in temperature, pressure, and volume on physical systems at the macroscopic scale by analyzing the collective motion of their particles using statistics. ... The Brayton cycle is a constant-pressure cycle named after George Brayton (1830–1892), the American engineer who developed it. ... An isentropic process (a combination of the Greek word iso -same- and entropy) is one during which the entropy of working fluid remains constant. ... This article is about the chemical reaction combustion. ...

In practice, friction, and turbulence cause:

a) non-isentropic compression: for a given overall pressure ratio, the compressor delivery temperature is higher than ideal.

b) non-isentropic expansion: although the turbine temperature drop necessary to drive the compressor is unaffected, the associated pressure ratio is greater, which decreases the expansion available to provide useful work.

c) pressure losses in the air intake, combustor and exhaust: reduces the expansion available to provide useful work.

As with all cyclic heat engines, higher combustion temperature means greater efficiency. The limiting factor is the ability of the steel, nickel, ceramic, or other materials that make up the engine to withstand heat and pressure. Considerable engineering goes into keeping the turbine parts cool. Most turbines also try to recover exhaust heat, which otherwise is wasted energy. Recuperators are heat exchangers that pass exhaust heat to the compressed air, prior to combustion. Combined cycle designs pass waste heat to steam turbine systems. And combined heat and power (co-generation) uses waste heat for hot water production. Image File history File links Brayton_cycle. ... A heat engine is a physical or theoretical device that converts thermal energy to mechanical output. ... Fuel efficiency sometimes means the same as thermal efficiency, that is, the efficiency of converting energy contained in a carrier fuel to kinetic energy or work. ... A recuperator is a heat exchanger that helps boost the efficiency of some gas turbine engines. ... A heat exchanger is a device built for efficient heat transfer from one fluid to another, whether the fluids are separated by a solid wall so that they never mix, or the fluids are directly contacted. ... A combined cycle is characteristic of a power producing engine or plant that employs more than one thermodynamic cycle. ... A rotor of a modern steam turbine, used in a power plant A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into useful mechanical work. ... Cogeneration (also combined heat and power or CHP) is the use of a power station to simultaneously generate both heat and electricity. ...

Mechanically, gas turbines can be considerably less complex than internal combustion piston engines. Simple turbines might have one moving part: the shaft/compressor/turbine/alternative-rotor assembly (see image above), not counting the fuel system. An internal combustion engine is an engine that is powered by the expansion of hot combustion products of fuel directly acting within an engine. ...

More sophisticated turbines (such as those found in modern jet engines) may have multiple shafts (spools), hundreds of turbine blades, movable stator blades, and a vast system of complex piping, combustors and heat exchangers. Schematic diagram of high-bypass turbofan engine CFM56-3 turbofan, lower half, side view. ...

As a general rule, the smaller the engine the higher the rotation rate of the shaft(s) needs to be to maintain tip speed. Turbine blade tip speed determines the maximum pressure that can be gained, independent of the size of the engine. Jet engines operate around 10,000 rpm and micro turbines around 100,000 rpm. A Pratt and Whitney turbofan engine for the F-15 Eagle is tested at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, USA. The tunnel behind the engine muffles noise and allows exhaust to escape. ...

Thrust bearings and journal bearings are a critical part of design. Traditionally, they have been hydrodynamic oil bearings, or oil-cooled ball bearings. This is giving way to foil bearings, which have been successfully used in micro turbines and auxiliary power units. A thrust bearing is a particular type of bearing. ... It has been suggested that Bushing be merged into this article or section. ... Fluid bearings are bearings which solely support the bearings loads on a thin layer of liquid or gas. ... A 4 point angular contact ball bearing A ball bearing is a common type of rolling-element bearing, a kind of bearing. ... Foil Bearing Foil bearings are a type of hydrodynamic bearing. ... The APU exhaust at the tail end of an Airbus A380 An auxiliary power unit (APU) is a device on a vehicle whose purpose is to provide energy for functions other than propulsion. ...

Jet engines

Airbreathing jet engines are gas turbines optimized to produce thrust from the exhaust gases, or from ducted fans connected to the gas turbines. Jet engines that produce thrust primarily from the direct impulse of exhaust gases are often called turbojets, whereas those that generate most of their thrust from the action of a ducted fan are often called turbofans or (rarely) fanjets. A Pratt and Whitney turbofan engine for the F-15 Eagle is tested at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, USA. The tunnel behind the engine muffles noise and allows exhaust to escape. ... A ducted fan is an arrangement of a propeller-driven aircraft where the propeller is mounted inside the fuselage, within a duct. ... Turbojets are the simplest and oldest kind of general purpose jet engines. ... Schematic diagram of high-bypass turbofan engine CFM56-3 turbofan, lower half, side view. ... A Pratt and Whitney turbofan engine for the F-15 Eagle is tested at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, USA. The tunnel behind the engine muffles noise and allows exhaust to escape. ...

Auxiliary power units

Auxiliary power units (APUs) are small gas turbines designed for auxiliary power of larger machines, such as those inside an aircraft. They supply compressed air for aircraft ventilation (with an appropriate compressor design), start-up power for larger jet engines, and electrical and hydraulic power. These are not to be confused with the auxiliary propulsion units, also abbreviated APUs, aboard the gas-turbine-powered Oliver Hazard Perry-class guided-missile frigates. The Perrys' APUs are large electric motors that provide maneuvering help in close waters, or emergency backup if the gas turbines are not working. The APU exhaust at the tail end of an Airbus A380 An auxiliary power unit (APU) is a device on a vehicle whose purpose is to provide energy for functions other than propulsion. ... “Flying Machine” redirects here. ... A Pratt and Whitney turbofan engine for the F-15 Eagle is tested at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, USA. The tunnel behind the engine muffles noise and allows exhaust to escape. ...

Gas turbines for electrical power production

GE H series power generation gas turbine. This 480-megawatt unit has a rated thermal efficiency of 60% in combined cycle configurations.

Industrial gas turbines range in size from truck-mounted mobile plants to enormous, complex systems. They can be particularly efficient — up to 60% — when waste heat from the gas turbine is recovered by a heat recovery steam generator to power a conventional steam turbine in a combined cycle configuration. They can also be run in a cogeneration configuration: the exhaust is used for space or water heating, or drives an absorption chiller for cooling or refrigeration. A cogeneration configuration can be over 90% efficient. The power turbines in the largest industrial gas turbines operate at 3,000 or 3,600 rpm to match the AC power grid frequency and to avoid the need for a reduction gearbox. Such engines require a dedicated enclosure. GE H Series Gas Turbine, electrical power generation This image is from: http://www. ... GE H Series Gas Turbine, electrical power generation This image is from: http://www. ... The megawatt (symbol: MW) is a unit for measuring power corresponding to one million (106) watts. ... Thermodynamic efficiency (e) is defined as: where W is the absolute value of the work done in one thermodynamic cycle. ... A combined cycle is characteristic of a power producing engine or plant that employs more than one thermodynamic cycle. ... A combined cycle is characteristic of a power producing engine or plant that employs more than one thermodynamic cycle. ... Not to be confused with California Highway Patrol. ... The absorption refrigerator is a refrigerator that utilizes a heat source to provide the energy needed to drive the cooling system rather than being dependent on electricity to run a compressor. ... For other uses, see Revolutions per minute (disambiguation). ... City lights viewed in a motion blurred exposure. ... Transmission towers Transmission lines in Lund, Sweden Electric power transmission, or more accurately Electrical energy transmission, is the second process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. ... A gearbox is an assembly of gears allowing the rotational speed of an input shaft to be changed to a different speed. ...

Simple cycle gas turbines in the power industry require smaller capital investment than either coal or nuclear power plants and can be scaled to generate small or large amounts of power. Also, the actual construction process can take as little as several weeks to a few months, compared to years for base load power plants. Their other main advantage is the ability to be turned on and off within minutes, supplying power during peak demand. Since they are less efficient than combined cycle plants, they are usually used as peaking power plants, which operate anywhere from several hours per day to a couple dozen hours per year, depending on the electricity demand and the generating capacity of the region. In areas with a shortage of base load and load following power plant capacity, a gas turbine power plant may regularly operate during most hours of the day and even into the evening. A typical large simple cycle gas turbine may produce 100 to 300 megawatts of power and have 35 to 40% thermal efficiency. The most efficient turbines have reached 46% efficiency. [1] Coal Coal (IPA: ) is a fossil fuel formed in swamp ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ... A nuclear power station. ... A base load power plant is one that provides a steady flow of power regardless of total power demand by the grid. ... Peaking power plants (also known as Peaker Plants) are power plants that generally run only when there is a high demand, known as peak demand, for electricity. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Thermodynamic efficiency (e) is defined as: where W is the absolute value of the work done in one thermodynamic cycle. ...

Turboshaft engines

Turboshaft engines are often used to drive compression trains (for example in gas pumping stations or natural gas liquefaction plants)and are used to power almost all modern helicopters. The first shaft bears the compressor and the high speed turbine (often referred to as “Gas Generator” or "N1"), while the second shaft bears the low speed turbine (or “Power Turbine” or "N2"). This arrangement is used to increase speed and power output flexibility. Schematic diagram showing the operation of a simplified turboshaft engine. ...

Radial Gas Turbines

1963, Norway, Jan Mowill initiated the development at Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk. The turbine had a unique, all radial configuration, originally rated at 1200 kW. The turbine proved very successful and was generally sold in electric generating packages. The major markets for the units were in the maritime, offshore oil and gas and communications industries. During the following years, more than a thousand units were delivered world wide. Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk was privatised, split up and sold off in the late nineteen eighties and development of the original turbine business was discontinued under the new ownership. As a result, Jan and Hiroko Mowill founded OPRA in Hengelo in 1991.

Consequently the first 1.6 MW OP16 was designed as a single shaft, all-radial machine. NOx emissions were developed to a very low level for both diesel fuel and natural gas. This was achieved with a unique, patented fuel / air pre mixer in connection with an annular combustor.

The current production model, OP16-3 features both single and dual fuel operation as well as low emissions on natural gas. For improved maintenance and servicability, a four can combustion systems was favoured rather than the annular combustor used on the prototype.

For a single stage radial turbine the pressure ratio of 6.7: 1 is relatively high, which entails a high turbine impeller tip speed of 700 m/s (equal to the velocity of a rifle bullet). The difference between axial and radial turbines consists in the way the air flows through the components (compressor and turbine). ...

Since this is nearly the same as the velocity of the gas entering the impeller tip from the nozzle guide vanes, an ”impact” between the hot gas and the turbine impeller is avoided.

It could be said that this phenomenon constitutes “dynamic” cooling gaining about 100 degrees Celsius compared to a temperature increase in an axial turbine. OPRA’s radial turbine is able to take this high tip speed due to it’s “Eiffel Tower” shape with a strong base and a thinner blade tip region with low stresses. Having low stresses in the hot tip region and higher stresses in the cold,“fat” hub region makes OPRA work with nature rather than against it.

The OPRA radial turbine stage has an advanced aerodynamic design with an efficiency of 90% from the inlet of the guide vanes to the exhaust diffuser exit.

The efficient centrifugal compressor has a very good 'match' with the turbine as their optimal running speeds are similar.

Since both compressor and turbine are close coupled via a Hirth - type teeth connection, an overhung rotor suspension is possible. This system provides balance integrity despite the differential thermal expansions between the compressor and turbine.

A ball bearing is placed in the front of the rotor support housing taking the combined thrust- and radial load. The rear, tilting pad bearing takes the main radial load. The cantilever, or overhung suspension of the rotor places the bearings in the cold section of the engine, avoiding oil supply to hot bearings. This system has considerable positive impact on engine reliability and maintenance.

A flexible coupling connects the turbine to the two stage planetary gearbox, reducing the turbine speed from 26000 to 1500 or 1800 rpm depending on generator speed requirements Epicyclic gearing is used here to increase output speed. ...

The OP16-3 has an ISO rating of 1.9 MW. The engine efficiency of nominally 27% is at the highest level in the below 2 MW power range. Past competitors (no longer active) in this range have been at the 23 – 25 % level.

Utilising proven radial gas turbine technology, the OP16 gas turbine is a compact, efficient and reliable industrial gas turbine designed for supplying power generation applications to both the Oil and Gas and Industrial markets.

The OP16 generator sets can be provided in a variety of configurations to meet customer specific requirements. The engineering design, component selection and maintenance accessibility of the generator sets enhance high reliability and long product life. The generator sets can be provided with low emission and dual / multifuel capabilities.

The generator sets can be installed as single or multiple units effectively covering installation requirements from 2 MW to 10 MW.

Scale jet engines

Also known as:

• Miniature Gas Turbines
• Micro-jets

Many model engineers relish the challenge of re-creating the grand engineering feats of today as tiny working models. Naturally, the idea of re-creating a powerful engine such as the jet, fascinated hobbyists since the very first full size engines were powered up by Hans von Ohain and Frank Whittle back in the 1930s. Hans Joachim Pabst von Ohain (December 14, 1911 – March 13, 1998) was one of the inventors of jet propulsion. ... Frank Whittle speaking to employees of the Flight Propulsion Research Laboratory (Now known as the NASA Glenn Research Center), USA, in 1946 Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, OM, KBE, FRS, Hon FRAeS (1 June 1907–9 August 1996) was an English Royal Air Force officer and is seen as the...

Recreating machines such as engines to a different scale is not easy. Because of the square-cube law, the behaviour of many machines does not always scale up or down at the same rate as the machine's size (and often not even in a linear way), usually at best causing a dramatic loss of power or efficiency, and at worst causing them not to work at all. An automobile engine, for example, will not work if reproduced in the same shape at the size of a human hand. The square-cube law is a principle, drawn from the mathematics of proportion, that is applied in engineering and biomechanics. ... “Car” and “Cars” redirect here. ...

With this in mind the pioneer of modern Micro-Jets, Kurt Schreckling, produced one of the world's first Micro-Turbines, the FD3/67. This engine can produce up to 22 newtons of thrust, and can be built by most mechanically minded people with basic engineering tools, such as a metal lathe. Its radial compressor, which is cold, is small and the hot axial turbine is large experiencing more centrifugal forces, meaning that this design is limited by Mach number. Guiding vanes are used to hold the starter, after the compressor and before the turbine, but not after that. No bypass within the engine is used. This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... For other uses, see Newton (disambiguation). ... Conventional metalworking lathe See also: Lathe (tool) A metal lathe is a rigid machine tool designed to remove material from a workpiece, through the action of a cutting tool. ... An F/A-18 Hornet breaking the sound barrier. ...

Microturbines

A micro turbine designed for DARPA by M-Dot

Also known as: Micro turbine This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Micro turbine This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of new technology for use by the military. ...

• Turbo alternators
• MicroTurbine® (registered trademark of Capstone Turbine Corporation)
• Turbogenerator® (registered tradename of Honeywell Power Systems, Inc.)

Microturbines are becoming wide spread for distributed power and combined heat and power applications. They range from handheld units producing less than a kilowatt to commercial sized systems that produce tens or hundreds of kilowatts. A Capstone microturbine. ... Honeywell Heating Specialties Company Stock Certificate dated 1924 signed by Mark C. Honeywell - courtesy of Scripophily. ... Distributed generation generates electricity from many small energy sources. ... Not to be confused with California Highway Patrol. ... The kilowatt (symbol: kW) is a unit for measuring power, equal to one thousand watts. ...

Part of their success is due to advances in electronics, which allows unattended operation and interfacing with the commercial power grid. Electronic power switching technology eliminates the need for the generator to be synchronized with the power grid. This allows the generator to be integrated with the turbine shaft, and to double as the starter motor.

Microturbine systems have many advantages over reciprocating engine generators, such as higher power density (with respect to footprint and weight), extremely low emissions and few, or just one, moving part. Those designed with foil bearings and air-cooling operate without oil, coolants or other hazardous materials. Microturbines also have the advantage of having the majority of their waste heat contained in their relatively high temperature exhaust, whereas the waste heat of recriprocating engines is split between its exhaust and cooling system. [2] However, reciprocating engine generators are quicker to respond to changes in output power requirement and are usually slightly more efficient, although the efficiency of microturbines is increasing. Microturbines also lose more efficiency at low power levels than reciprocating engines. Components of a typical, four stroke cycle, DOHC piston engine. ... Foil Bearing Foil bearings are a type of hydrodynamic bearing. ... A coolant, or heat transfer fluid, is a fluid which flows through a device in order to prevent its overheating, transferring the heat produced by the device to other devices that utilize or dissipate it. ...

They accept most commercial fuels, such as natural gas, propane, diesel and kerosene. They are also able to produce renewable energy when fueled with biogas from landfills and sewage treatment plants. This article is about the fossil fuel. ... Propane is a three-carbon alkane, normally a gas, but compressible to a liquid that is transportable. ... This article is about the fuel. ... Kerosene or kerosine, also called paraffin oil or paraffin in British usage (not to be confused with the waxy solid also called paraffin wax or just paraffin) is a flammable hydrocarbon liquid. ... Renewable energy utilizes natural resources such as sunlight, wind, tides and geothermal heat, which are naturally replenished. ... Biogas-bus in Bern, Switzerland Biogas typically refers to a (biofuel) gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter including manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste or any other biodegradable feedstock, under anaerobic conditions. ... Look up landfill in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, both runoff and domestic. ...

Microturbine designs usually consist of a single stage radial compressor, a single stage radial turbine and a recuperator. Recuperators are difficult to design and manufacture because they operate under high pressure and temperature differentials. Exhaust heat can be used for water heating, drying processes or absorption chillers, which create cold for air conditioning from heat energy instead of electric energy. The difference between axial and radial turbines consists in the way the air flows through the components (compressor and turbine). ... A recuperator is a heat exchanger that helps boost the efficiency of some gas turbine engines. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and make it easier to understand, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Typical microturbine efficiencies are 25 to 35%. When in a combined heat and power cogeneration system, efficiencies of greater than 80% are commonly achieved. Not to be confused with California Highway Patrol. ...

MIT started its millimeter size turbine engine project in the middle of the 1990's when Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Alan H. Epstein considered the possibility of creating a personal turbine which will be able to meet all the demands of a modern person's electrical needs, just like a large turbine can meet the electricity demands of a small city. According to Professor Epstein current commercial Li-ion rechargeable batteries deliver about 120-150 Wh/kg. MIT's millimeter size turbine will deliver 500-700 Wh/kg in the near term, rising to 1200-1500 Wh/kg in the longer term[3]. Mapúa Institute of Technology (MIT, MapúaTech or simply Mapúa) is a private, non-sectarian, Filipino tertiary institute located in Intramuros, Manila. ...

Gas turbines in vehicles

Rover JET1

Gas turbines are used on ships, locomotives, helicopters, and in tanks. A number of experiments have been conducted with gas turbine powered automobiles. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1144x856, 139 KB) Summary Rover Jet1 Gas Turbine car, on display at the Science Museum London. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1144x856, 139 KB) Summary Rover Jet1 Gas Turbine car, on display at the Science Museum London. ... For other uses, see Ship (disambiguation). ... Great Western Railway No. ... For other uses, see Helicopter (disambiguation). ... “Car” and “Cars” redirect here. ...

In 1950, designer F.R. Bell and Chief Engineer Maurice Wilks from British car manufacturers Rover unveiled the first car powered with a gas turbine engine. The two-seater JET1 had the engine positioned behind the seats, air intake grilles on either side of the car, and exhaust outlets on the top of the tail. During tests, the car reached top speeds of 140 km/h, at a turbine speed of 50,000 rpm. The car ran on petrol, paraffin or diesel oil, but fuel consumption problems proved insurmountable for a production car. It is currently on display at the London Science Museum. Rover and the BRM Formula One team joined forces to produce a gas turbine powered coupe, which entered the 1963 24 Hours of Le Mans, driven by Graham Hill and Richie Ginther. It averaged 107.8 mph (173 km/h) and had a top speed of 142 mph (229 km/h). In 1967, the revolutionary STP Oil Treatment Special four-wheel drive turbine-powered special fielded by racing and entrepreneurial legend Andy Granatelli and driven by Parnelli Jones nearly won the Indianapolis 500; the STP Pratt & Whitney powered turbine car was almost a lap ahead of the second place car when a gearbox bearing failed just three laps from the finish line. In 1971 Lotus principal Colin Chapman introduced the Lotus 56B F1 car, powered by a Pratt & Whitney gas turbine. Chapman had a reputation of building radical championship-winning cars, but had to abandon the project because there were too many problems with turbo lag. // Rover was a British automobile manufacturer and later a marque based at the former Austin Longbridge plant in Birmingham. ... Gasoline, as it is known in North America, or petrol, in many Commonwealth countries (sometimes also called motor spirit) is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This article is about the fuel. ... The Science Museum on Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London is part of the National Museum of Science and Industry. ... “F1” redirects here. ... The 1963 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 31st Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on June 15 and 16, 1963. ... Norman Graham Hill, known as Graham Hill (February 15, 1929 - November 29, 1975) was an English racing driver and two-time Formula One World Champion. ... Richie Ginther (born in Granada Hills,[2] California, 5 August 1930 - died 20 September 1989) was a racecar driver from the United States. ... This article is about the class of vehicles. ... Andy Granatelli (born March 18, 1923) was the CEO of STP. He was once a racecar driver himself, and eventually became very visible in the racing world as the entrepreneur of his oil and gasoline treatment products, appearing on television and radio as well as sponsoring racecar drivers. ... “Indy 500” redirects here. ... Pratt & Whitney is an American aircraft engine manufacturer whose products are widely used in both civil and military aircraft. ... Lotus Cars is a British manufacturer of sports cars and racing cars based in Hethel, Norfolk, formed as Lotus Engineering Ltd. ... Anthony Colin Bruce Chapman (19 May 1928 - 16 December 1982)[1] was an influential British designer, inventor, and builder in the automotive industry. ... Pratt & Whitney is an American aircraft engine manufacturer whose products are widely used in both civil and military aircraft. ...

The fictional Batmobile is often said to be powered by a gas turbine or a jet engine. In fact, in 1989's filmed Batman, the production department built a working turbine vehicle for the Batmobile prop[4]. Its fuel capacity, however, was reportedly only enough for 15 seconds of use at a time. The Batmobile is the fictional personal automobile of comic book superhero Batman. ... A Pratt and Whitney turbofan engine for the F-15 Eagle is tested at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, USA. The tunnel behind the engine muffles noise and allows exhaust to escape. ...

The STP Oil Treatment Special on display at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame Museum, with the Pratt & Whitney gas turbine shown.

American car manufacturer Chrysler demonstrated several prototype gas turbine-powered cars from the early 1950s through the early 1980s. Chrysler built fifty Chrysler Turbine Cars in 1963 and conducted the only consumer trial of gas turbine-powered cars. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 428 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 855 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 428 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 855 pixel, file size: 1. ... Indianapolis Motor Speedway, located in Speedway, Indiana (a separate town completely surrounded by Indianapolis) in the United States, is the second-oldest surviving automobile racing track in the world (after the Milwaukee Mile), having existed since 1909, and the original Speedway, the first racing facility historically to incorporate the word. ... Pratt & Whitney is an American aircraft engine manufacturer whose products are widely used in both civil and military aircraft. ... The Chrysler Corporation was a United States-based automobile manufacturer that existed independently from 1925–1998. ... Chrysler created several turbine engines that were used in road vehicles: CR1 1954–1956: Plymouth Belvedere 4-door ~100 hp (75 kW) Poor fuel economy (13-14 US mpg) No engine braking Slow spool up CR2 1956–1957: 1956 Plymouth Belvedere, 1957 Plymouth Fury Better regenerator Better fuel economy (18... Chrysler Corporation Turbine Car Chrysler Turbine Cars were automobiles powered by gas turbine engines which the Chrysler Corporation assembled in a small plant in Detroit, Michigan in 1963, for use in the only consumer test of gas turbine-powered cars. ...

In 1993 General Motors introduced the first commercial gas turbine powered hybrid vehicle—as a limited production run of the EV-1 series hybrid. A Williams International 40 kW turbine drove an alternator which powered the battery-electric powertrain. The turbine design included a recuperator. Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... General Motors Corporation (NYSE: GM), also known as GM, is an American automobile maker with worldwide operations and brands including Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saturn, Saab and Vauxhall. ... For other types of Hybrid Transportation, see Hybrid (disambiguation)#Transportation. ... “EV1” redirects here. ... Williams International is a manufacturer of small gas turbine engines. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A recuperator is a heat exchanger that helps boost the efficiency of some gas turbine engines. ...

The arrival of the Capstone Microturbine has led to several hybrid bus designs from US and New Zealand manufacturers, starting with HEV-1 by AVS of Chattanooga, Tennessee in 1999, and closely followed by Ebus and ISE Research in California, and Designline in New Zealand. AVS turbine hybrids were plagued with reliability and quality control problems, resulting in liquidation of AVS in 2003. Today, the most successful design by Designline is now operated in 5 cities in 6 countries, with over 30 buses in operation worldwide. A Capstone microturbine. ... Designline logo Designline bus operated by Hinomaru operating the Tokyo Bay Shuttle service Designline Olymbus hybrid bus operated by Hinomaru in Japan. ...

It is worth noting that a key advantage of jets and turboprops for aeroplane propulsion - their superior performance at high altitude compared to piston engines, particularly naturally-aspirated ones - is irrelevant in automobile applications. Their power-to-weight advantage is far less important. A schematic diagram showing the operation of a turboprop engine. ... A naturally-aspirated engine or normally-aspirated engine (NA - aspiration meaning breathing) refers to an internal combustion engine (normally petrol or diesel powered) that is neither turbocharged nor supercharged. ...

Gas turbines offer a high-powered engine in a very small and light package. However, they are not as responsive and efficient as small piston engines over the wide range of RPMs and powers needed in vehicle applications. In hybrids, gas turbines reduce the responsiveness problem, and the emergence of the continuously variable transmission may also help alleviate this. A recent idea is the 'Multi-Pressure' turbine proposed by Robin Mackay of Agile Turbines. This concept is expected to provide three different power level ranges - each of them exhibiting high efficiency and low emission levels. The engine has two compressor spindles and an intercooler. By a system of three-way valves, it can be operated with both 'wings' in super atmospheric pressure mode (high power) or one 'wing' super atmospheric and the other sub atmospheric (cruising power) or both 'wings' in sub atmospheric mode (idling). Since there is no change in direction or speed of gas flow at transition from one power level to another (only mass flow changes) transition is almost instantaneous - thus overcoming the slow throttle response characteristic of gas turbines in land vehicle applications.

Turbines have historically been more expensive to produce than piston engines, though this is partly because piston engines have been mass-produced in huge quantities for decades, while small gas turbine engines are rarities; but turbines are mass produced in the closely related form of the turbocharger. “Turbo” redirects here. ...

The MTT Turbine SUPERBIKE appeared in 2000 (hence the designation of Y2K Superbike by MTT) and is the first production motorcycle powered by a jet engine - specifically, a Rolls-Royce Allison model 250 turboshaft engine, producing about 283 kW (380 bhp). Speed-tested to 365 km/h or 227 mph (according to some stories, the testing team ran out of road during the test), it holds the Guinness World Records for most powerful production motorcycle and most expensive production motorcycle, with a price tag of US$185,000. MTT Turbine SUPERBIKE, also known as Y2K Turbine SUPERBIKE, is the worlds second wheel driven motorcycle powered by a turbine engine, invented by Ted McIntyre of Marine Turbine Technologies Inc. ...

Use of gas turbines in military tanks has been more successful. In the 1950s, a Conqueror heavy tank was experimentally fitted with a Parsons 650-hp gas turbine, and they have been used as auxiliary power units in several other production models. The first production turbine tank was the Swedish Stridsvagn 103A. Today, the Soviet/Russian T-80 and U.S. M1 Abrams tanks use gas turbine engines. See tank for more details. The FV214 Conqueror was a British Main Battle Tank of the post-war era, sometimes classified as a heavy tank. ... The name Parsons may refer to: Parsons Brinckerhoff, one of the major engineering firms with worldwide presence Parsons, Kansas, a place in the United States of America Talcott Parsons, a social scientist Camp Parsons, a Boy Scout camp in Washington. ... The APU exhaust at the tail end of an Airbus A380 An auxiliary power unit (APU) is a device on a vehicle whose purpose is to provide energy for functions other than propulsion. ... The Stridsvagn 103 (Strv 103), or S-Tank, is a Swedish main battle tank. ... The T-80 is a Soviet/Russian/Ukrainian main battle tank. ... The M1 Abrams main battle tank is the principal combat tank of the United States Army, the United States Marine Corps and the Australian Army, with three main versions being deployed starting in 1980: the M1, M1A1, and M1A2. ...

Several locomotive classes have been powered by gas turbines, the most recent incarnation being Bombardier's JetTrain. See gas turbine-electric locomotive for more information. For other uses, see Bombardier (disambiguation). ... Bombardiers experimental JetTrain locomotive toured North America in an early-2000s attempt to raise the technologys public profile. ... UP 18, preserved at the Illinois Railway Museum. ...

Naval use

Gas turbines are used in many naval vessels, where they are valued for their high power-to-weight ratio and their ships' resulting acceleration and ability to get underway quickly. The first gas-turbine-powered naval vessel was the Royal Navy's Motor Gun Boat MGB 2009 (formerly MGB 509) converted in 1947. The first large, gas-turbine powered ships, were the Royal Navy's Type 81 (Tribal class) frigates, the first of which (HMS Ashanti) was commissioned in 1961. Power-to-weight ratio is a measure commonly used when comparing various vehicles (or engines), including automobiles, motorcycles and aircraft. ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... Motor Gun Boat was a Royal Navy term for a small military vessel of the Second World War. ... The Type 81, or Tribal class, was a class of seven general-purpose frigates for the Royal Navy designed during the 1950s that served throughout the 1960s and 1970s with limited service during the 1980s. ... For the bird, see Frigatebird. ... HMS Ashanti (F117) was a Tribal-class frigate of the Royal Navy. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Swedish Navy produced 6 Spica class torpedoboats between 1966 and 1967 powered by 3 Bristol Siddeley Proteus 1282, each delivering 4300 hp. They were later joined by 12 upgraded Norrköping class ships, still with the same engines. With their aft torpedo tubes replaced by antishipping missiles they served as missile boats until the last was retired in 2005.Fast missile boat The Swedish Naval Ensign Coat of arms of the Swedish Navy The Swedish Navy (Swedish: Marinen) is the naval branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. ... Bristol Siddeley was a UK aero-engine manufacturer formed in 1959 from the merger of Bristol Aero Engines and Armstrong-Siddeley. ... Bristol Proteus engine The Proteus was the Bristol Aeroplane Companys first successful gas-turbine engine design, a turboprop that delivered just over 4,000 hp (3,000 kW). ...

The Finnish Navy issued two Turunmaa class corvettes, Turunmaa and Karjala, in 1968. They were equipped with one 16 000 shp Rolls-Royce Olympus TMB3 gas turbine and two Wärtsilä marine diesels for slower speeds. Before the waterjet-propulsion Helsinki class missile boats, they were the fastest vessels in the Finnish Navy; they regularly achieved 37 knot speeds, but they are known to have achieved 45 knots when the restriction mechanism of the turbine was geared off. The Turunmaas were paid off in 2002. Karjala is today a museum ship in Turku, and Turunmaa serves as a flotating machine shop and training ship for Satakunta Polytechnical College. The Finnish Navy (Finnish: Suomen merivoimat, Swedish: Finländska marinen) is one of the branches of the Finnish Defence Forces. ... Introduction The Turunmaa class gunboats (Finnish: Turunmaa-luokan tykkivene) are a type of vessels previously used by the Finnish Navy. ... French steam corvette Dupleix (1856-1887) Canadian corvettes on antisubmarine convoy escort duty during World War II. A corvette is a small, maneuverable, lightly armed warship, smaller than a frigate but larger than a coastal patrol craft. ... Rolls-Royce Olympus 593 The Olympus is a high-powered axial-flow turbojet, originally developed at Bristol Aero Engines, later passed to Bristol Siddeley, and finally to Rolls-Royce. ... FNS Kotka The Helsinki class missile boats (Finnish: Helsinki-luokan ohjusvene) are a type of vessel in use by the Finnish Navy. ... Location of Turku in Northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Finland Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper Sub-region Turku sub-region Government  - Mayor Mikko Pukkinen Area  - City 306. ...

The next series of major naval vessels were the four Canadian Iroquois class helicopter carrying destroyers first commissioned in 1972. They used 2 ft-4 main propulsion engines, 2 ft-12 cruise engines and 3 Solar Saturn 750 kW generators. Iroquois-class destroyers are a class of three helicopter-carrying, guided missile destroyers of the Canadian Navy. ...

The first U.S. gas-turbine powered ships were the U.S. Coast Guard's Hamilton-class High Endurance Cutters the first of which (USCGC Hamilton) commissioned in 1967. Since then, they have powered the U.S. Navy's Perry-class frigates, Spruance-class and Arleigh Burke-class destroyers, and Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruisers. USS Makin Island, a modified Wasp-class amphibious assault ship, is to be the Navy's first amphib powered by gas turbines. USCG HH-65 Dolphin USCG HH-60J JayHawk The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is at all times a branch of the United States armed forces a maritime law enforcement agency, and a federal regulatory body. ... USCG photo of USCGC Hamilton (WHEC-715) The High Endurance Cutter is the largest class of vessel in the United States Coast Guard, aside from the Polar Ice Breakers. ... USCG photo of USCGC Hamilton (WHEC-715) The High Endurance Cutter is the largest class of vessel in the United States Coast Guard, aside from the Polar Ice Breakers. ... USCGC Hamilton (WHEC-715) is a U. S. Coast Guard high endurance cutter based out of San Diego, California. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... USN redirects here. ... The USS McInerney (FFG 8), an Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate. ... The Spruance-class destroyer was developed to replace a large number of World War II-built - and Gearing-class destroyers, and was the primary destroyer built for the U.S. Navy during the 1970s. ... The Arleigh Burke class of guided missile destroyers, one of the destroyer classes of the United States Navy, is built around the Aegis combat system and the SPY-1D multi-function phased array radar. ... USS McFaul underway in the Atlantic Ocean. ... Ticonderoga class cruiser is a class of warships in the US Navy, first ordered and authorized in FY 1978. ... USS Makin Island (LHD-8), a Wasp-class amphibious assault ship, will be the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for Makin Island, target of the Marine Raiders attack early in World War II. Makin Island was laid down on 14 February 2004 by the Ingalls... The Wasp class amphibious assault ships of the United States Navy are designed to land forces on hostile shores, and they are the largest vessels of this type in service anywhere in the world. ... Six of the U.S. Navys assault ships in formation; lead ship and first ship to port are Tarawa-class, all others are Wasp-class Amphibious assault ships, usually shortened to amphibs, phibs or popularly known as gator freighters, denotes a range of classes of warship employed to land...

Commercial Use

Stena Carisma, an HSS 900 class gas turbine powered ferry.

Three Rolls-Royce gas turbines power the 118 WallyPower, a 118 foot (36 m) super-yacht. These engines combine for a total of 16,800 hp allowing this 118 foot (36 m) boat to maintain speeds of 60 knots or 70mph. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 154 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 154 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... HSS 1500 Stena Explorer leaving Holyhead en route to Dún Laoghaire The High-speed Sea Service, or Stena HSS is the name commonly given to type of high-speed craft operated by the Stena Shipping Line. ... This article is about the aircraft engine company. ... Front view of the 118 WallyPower showing the huge air intakes for the gas turbine engines. ... A knot is a unit of speed abbreviated kt or kn. ... Miles per hour is a unit of speed, expressing the number of international miles covered per hour. ...

There have been a number of experiments in which gas turbines were used to power seagoing commercial vessels. The earliest of these experiments may have been the oil tanker "Aurus" (Anglo Saxon Petroleum) - circa 1949.

Between 1970 and 1982, Seatrain Container Lines operated a scheduled container service across the North Atlantic with four 26,000 tonne dwt. container ships. Those ships were powered by twin Prat & Whitney gas turbines of the FT 4 series. The four ships in the class were named "Euroliner", "Eurofreighter", "Asialiner" and "Asiafreighter". They operated a transatlantic container service between ports on the eastern seaboard of the United States and ports in north west Europe. Following the dramatic OPEC price increases of the mid-nineteen seventies, operations were constrained by rising fuel costs. Some modification of the engine systems on those ships was undertaken to permit the burning of a lower grade of fuel (i.e. marine diesel). The modifications were partially successful. It was proved that particular fuel could be used in a marine gas turbine but, savings made were less than anticipated due to increased maintenance requirements. After 1982 the ships were sold, then re-engined with more economical diesel engines. Because the new engines were much larger, there was a consequential loss of some cargo space.

The first passenger ferry to use a gas turbine was the GTS Finnjet, built in 1977 and powered with two Pratt & Whitney FT 4C-1 DLF turbines, generating 55000 kW and propelling the ship to a speed of 31 knots. However, the Finnjet also illustrated the shortcomings of gas turbine propulsion in commercial craft, as high fuel prices made operating her unprofitable. After just four years of service additional diesel engines were installed on the ship to allow less costly operations during off-season. Another example of commercial usage of gas turbines in a passenger ship are Stena Line's HSS class fastcraft ferries. HSS 1500-class Stena Explorer, Stena Voyager and Stena Discovery vessels use combined gas and gas (COGAG) setups of twin GE LM2500 plus GE LM1600 power for a total of 68,000 kW. The slightly smaller HSS 900-class Stena Charisma, uses twin ABB–STAL GT35 turbines rated at 34,000 kW gross. The Stena Discovery was withdrawn from service in 2007, another victim of too high fuel costs. Finnjet approaching Helsinki in spring 2004 GTS M/S Finnjet is a cruiseferry, built in 1977 by Wärtsilä Helsinki, Finland. ... Pratt & Whitney is an American aircraft engine manufacturer whose products are widely used in both civil and military aircraft. ... Stena Line is one of the worlds largest ferry operators, with ferry services around the UK and Scandinavia. ... HSS 1500 Stena Explorer leaving Holyhead en route to Dún Laoghaire The High-speed Sea Service, or Stena HSS is the name commonly given to type of high-speed craft operated by the Stena Shipping Line. ... Principle of a COGAG propulsion system Combined gas turbine and gas turbine (COGAG) is a type of propulsion system for ships using two gas turbines connected to a single propeller shaft. ... “GE” redirects here. ... The General Electric LM2500 industrial and marine turboshaft gas turbine is a derivative of GE Aircraft Engines CF6-6 aircraft engine. ... ABB, formerly Asea Brown Boveri, is a multinational corporation headquartered in Zürich, Switzerland, operating mainly in the power and automation technology areas. ...

In July of 2000, the Millennium became the first cruise ship to be propelled by gas turbines, in a COGAS configuration. The RMS Queen Mary 2 uses a CODAG configuration.[5] Millennium is the lead ship of the Millennium Class of cruise ships, operated by the Celebrity Cruises line. ... Pacific Sky sails under Sydney Harbour Bridge A cruise ship or a cruise liner is a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ships amenities are considered an essential part of the experience. ... A turbo-electric COGAS power-plant Combined gas and steam (COGAS) is the name given to marine compound powerplants of gas and steam turbines, the latter are fed with steam generated with the heat from the hot exhaust of the gas turbines. ... The RMS Queen Mary 2 (QM2) is a Cunard Line ocean liner named after the earlier Cunard liner Queen Mary, which was in turn named after Mary of Teck, the Queen Consort of George V. At the time of her construction in 2003, the QM2 was the longest, widest and... Combined diesel and gas (CODAG) is a type of propulsion system for ships which need a maximum speed that is considerable faster than their cruise speed, particularly warships like modern frigates or corvettes. ...

Amateur gas turbines

A popular hobby is to construct a gas turbine from an automotive turbocharger. A combustion chamber is fabricated and plumbed between the compressor and turbine. Like many technology based hobbies, they tend to give rise to manufacturing businesses over time. Several small companies manufacture small turbines and parts for the amateur. See external links for resources. “Turbo” redirects here. ...

Advances in technology

Gas turbine technology has steadily advanced since its inception and continues to evolve; research is active in producing ever smaller gas turbines. Computer design, specifically CFD and finite element analysis along with material advances, has allowed higher compression ratios and temperatures, more efficient combustion, better cooling of engine parts and reduced emissions. On the emissions side, the challenge in technology is actually getting a catalytic combustor running properly in order to achieve single digit NOx emissions to cope with the latest regulations. Additionally, compliant foil bearings were commercially introduced to gas turbines in the 1990s. They can withstand over a hundred thousand start/stop cycles and eliminated the need for an oil system. A computer simulation of high velocity air flow around the Space Shuttle during re-entry. ... Visualization of how a car deforms in an asymmetrical crash using finite element analysis. ... Foil Bearing Foil bearings are a type of hydrodynamic bearing. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ...

On another front, microelectronics and power switching technology have enabled commercially viable micro turbines for distributed and vehicle power.

Advantages and disadvantages of gas turbine engines

Advantages of gas turbine engines

^[1]

• Very