Gaspard de Coligny

Gaspard de Coligny (February 16, 1519 – August 24, 1572), Seigneur (Lord) de Châtillon held the office of Admiral of France and is best remembered as a Huguenot leader. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March 4 - Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico. ... August 24 is the 236th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (237th in leap years), with 129 days remaining. ... January 16 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ... The title Admiral of France is one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France, the naval equivalent of Marshal of France. ... In the 16th and 17th centuries, the name Huguenot was applied to a member of the Protestant Reformed Church of France, historically known as the French Calvinists. ...

Biography

Ancestry

Coligny came of a noble family of Burgundy. His family traced their descent from the 11th century, and in the reign of Louis XI, were in the service of the King of France. His father, Gaspard I de Coligny, known as the Marshal of Châtillon, served in the Italian Wars from 1494 to 1516, and was created Marshal of France in 1516. By his wife, Louise de Montmorency, sister of the future constable, he had three sons, all of whom played an important part in the first period of the Wars of Religion: Odet, Cardinal de Châtillon; Gaspard; and François, Seigneur d'Andelot. région of Bourgogne, see Bourgogne. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... Louis XI the Prudent (French: Louis XI le Prudent) (July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483), also informally nicknamed luniverselle aragne (old French for universal spider), or the Spider King, was King of France (1461–1483). ... Gaspard I de Coligny, known as the Marshal of Châtillon, served in the Italian Wars from 1495 to 1515, and was created Marshal of France in 1516. ... Combatants France, the Holy Roman Empire, the states of Italy (notably the Republic of Venice, the Duchy of Milan, the Kingdom of Naples, the Papal States, Florence, and the Duchy of Ferrara), England, Scotland, Spain, the Ottoman Empire, the Swiss, Saxony, and others The Italian Wars, often referred to as... 1494 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. ... Baton of a modern Marshal of France The Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France) is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. ... // Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. ... Louise de Montmorency, wife of Gaspard I de Coligny and sister of the future constable, she had three sons: Odet, Cardinal de Châtillon; Gaspard, the Admiral; and François, Seigneur dAndelot. ... Anne de Montmorency, 1530. ... The French Wars of Religion were a series of conflicts fought between Catholics and Huguenots (Protestants) from the middle of the sixteenth century to the Edict of Nantes in 1598, including civil infighting as well as military operations. ... Odet de Coligny (10 July 1517 - 14 February 1571), cardinal of Châtillon, bishop of Beauvais, son of Gaspard I de Coligny and Louise de Montmorency, and brother of Gaspard and François, Seigneur dAndelot. ...

Early life

Born at Châtillon-sur-Loing, at twenty-two young Gaspard de Coligny came to court. There began a friendship with François of Guise. Francis, Duke of Guise Francis II, Prince of Joinville, Duke of Guise, Duke of Aumale (February 17, 1519 – February 24, 1563), called Balafré (the scarred), was a French soldier and politician. ...

In the campaign of 1543 Coligny distinguished himself, and was wounded at the sieges of Montmédy and Bains. In 1544 he served in the Italian campaign under the Count of Enghien, and was knighted on the Field of Ceresole. Returning to France, he took part in different military operations; and having been made colonel-general of the infantry (April 1547), exhibited great capacity and intelligence as a military reformer. That year he married Charlotte de Laval (d. 1568). He was made admiral on the death of Claude d'Annebaut (1552). In 1557 he was entrusted with the defence of Saint-Quentin. In the siege he displayed great courage, resolution, and strength of character; but the place was taken, and he was imprisoned in the stronghold of L'Ecluse. On payment of a ransom of 50,000 crowns he recovered his liberty. // Events February 21 - Battle of Wayna Daga - A combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat the armies of Adal led by Ahmed Gragn. ... Montmédy is a commune of the Meuse département, in northeastern France. ... Bais is a common surname found in the Unnao and Raibarely districts of Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state in the Indian Union. ... Events April 11 - Battle of Ceresole - French forces under the Comte dEnghien defeat Imperial forces under the Marques Del Vasto near Turin. ... François de Vendôme, Count of Enghien (fl. ... Combatants France Holy Roman Empire, Spain Commanders Count of Enghien Alfonso dAvalos Strength ~11,000–13,000 infantry, ~1,500–1,850 cavalry, ~20 guns ~12,500–18,000 infantry, ~800–1,000 cavalry, ~20 guns Casualties ~7,500–2,000+ dead or wounded ~2,000–6,000+ dead... Year 1547 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Events March 23 - Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. ... Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... Events Spain is effectively bankrupt. ... Saint-Quentin is a commune of northern France. ...

Protestant leader

By this time he had become a Huguenot, through the influence of his brother, d'Andelot. The first letter which John Calvin addressed to him is dated September 4, 1558. He busied himself secretly with protecting his co-religionists, a colony of whom he sent to Brazil, under the leadership of his friend and navy colleague, Vice-Admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, who successfully established the France Antarctique colony in Rio de Janeiro, in 1555. They were afterwards expelled by the Portuguese, in 1567. Coligny also was the leading patron for the failed French colony of Fort Caroline in Spanish Florida lead by Jean Ribault in 1562 In the 16th and 17th centuries, the name Huguenot was applied to a member of the Protestant Reformed Church of France, historically known as the French Calvinists. ... John Calvin (July 10, 1509 – May 27, 1564) was a French Protestant theologian during the Protestant Reformation and was a central developer of the system of Christian theology called Calvinism or Reformed theology. ... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 7 - French troops led by Francis, Duke of Guise take Calais, the last continental possession of England July 13 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines. ... Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, born 1510 in Villegaignon, Seine et Marne, France was a naval officer (vice-admiral of Brittany) who attempted to help the Huguenots in France escape persecution. ... France Antarctique was the name of the failed French colony south of the Equator, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which existed between 1555 and 1567. ... Location of Rio de Janeiro Coordinates: Country Brazil Region Southeast State Rio de Janeiro Government  - Mayor Cesar Maia (PFL) Area  - City 1,260 km²  (486. ... Events Russia breaks 60 year old truce with Sweden by attacking Finland February 2 - Diet of Augsburg begins February 4 - John Rogers becomes first Protestant martyr in England February 9 - Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper is burned at the stake May 23 - Paul IV becomes Pope. ... Events The Duke of Alva arrives in the Netherlands with Spanish forces to suppress unrest there. ... Fort Caroline was the first permanent French colony in North America, located in present-day Jacksonville, Florida. ... Spanish Florida refers to the Spanish colony of Florida. ... Jean Ribault (1520 – October 12, 1565) was a French naval officer, navigator, and a colonizer of what would become the southeastern United States. ... Year 1562 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ...

On the death of Henry II he placed himself, with Louis, Prince of Condé, in the front of his sect, and demanded religious toleration and certain other reforms. In 1560, at the Assembly of Notables at Fontainebleau, the hostility between Coligny and François of Guise broke forth violently. When the civil wars began in 1562, Coligny decided to take arms only after long hesitation, and he was always ready to negotiate. In none of these wars did he show superior genius, but he acted throughout with great prudence and extraordinary tenacity; he was "le héros de la mauvaise fortune." Henry II (French: Henri II) (March 31, 1519 – July 10, 1559), a member of the Valois Dynasty, was King of France from March 31, 1547, until his death. ... Louis I was the first Prince of Condé. Louis I de Bourbon, Prince de Condé (May 7, 1530 – March 13, 1569) was a Huguenot leader and general. ... Events February 27 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation of Scotland The first tulip bulb was brought from Turkey to the Netherlands. ... The Assembly of Notables was an assembly convened on 1787-02-22 by Charles Alexandre de Calonne, the minister of finance of France. ... Location within France Fontainebleau is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. ... Francis, Duke of Guise Francis II, Prince of Joinville, Duke of Guise, Duke of Aumale (February 17, 1519 – February 24, 1563), called Balafré (the scarred), was a French soldier and politician. ... Year 1562 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ...

In 1569 the defeat and death of the Prince of Condé at the Battle of Jarnac left him sole leader of the Protestant armies. Victorious at the Arnay-le-Duc, he obtained peace with the Peace of Saint-Germain (1570). Marrying Jacqueline de Montbel, Countess d'Entremont, and returning to the court in 1571, he grew rapidly in favour with Charles IX. As a means of emancipating the king from the tutelage of his mother and the faction of the Guises, the admiral proposed to him a descent on Spanish Flanders, with an army drawn from both sects and commanded by Charles in person. The king's regard for the admiral, and the bold front of the Huguenots, alarmed Catherine, Queen Mother; and the massacre of St Bartholomew was the consequence. Events January 11 - First recorded lottery in England. ... The Battle of Jarnac was an encounter during the French Wars of Religion that occurred on March 13, 1569 between the Catholic forces of Marshal Gaspard de Tavannes and the Huguenots led by the Prince of Condé. The forces met at Jarnac on the right bank of the river Charente... Arnay-le-Duc is a commune of the Côte-dOr département in France. ... In the third of the French Wars of Religion between Catholics and Protestants (1568 to 1570), the Protestant Huguenots had suffered a setback at the Battle of Jarnac (1569), where their general, the prince de Condé, was slain; and following the appointment of Henry of Navarre (later Henri IV) as... Events January 23 - The assassination of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war February 25 - Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with the bull Regnans in Excelsis May 20 - Abraham Ortelius issues the first modern atlas. ... Events January 11 - Austrian nobility is granted Freedom of religion. ... Charles IX (June 27, 1550 – May 30, 1574) born Charles-Maximilien, was a member of the Valois Dynasty, King of France from 1560 until his death. ... The House of Guise was a French ducal family, partly responsible for the French Wars of Religion. ... The Southern Netherlands were a part of the Low Countries controlled by Spain (Spanish Netherlands, 1579-1713), Austria (Austrian Netherlands, 1713-1794) and France (1794-1815). ... Catherine de Medici, c. ... Queen Mother is a title reserved for a widowed queen consort whose son or daughter from that union is the reigning monarch. ... The St. ...

Coligny's murder, as depicted in a mural by Giorgio Vasari.

Image File history File links Giorgio_Vasari_San_Bartolomeo. ... Image File history File links Giorgio_Vasari_San_Bartolomeo. ... Giorgio Vasaris selfportrait Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Giorgio Vasari Giorgio Vasari (Arezzo, Tuscany July 3, 1511 - Florence, June 27, 1574) was an Italian painter and architect, mainly known for his famous biographies of Italian artists. ...

Assassination

On August 22, 1572 Coligny was shot in the street by Maurevel from a house belonging to the Guise; the bullets, however, only tore a finger from his right hand and shattered his left elbow. Historians differ on who was the author of this assassination attempt but generally center on three possibilities: the Guise family, Catherine de Medici, or the duke of Albe for Phillip II of Spain. The king visited him, but the queen-mother prevented all private discourse between them. On the 24th of August, the night of the massacre, he was attacked in his house, and a servant of the Duke of Guise, Charles Danowitz, generally known as Besme or Bême, slew him and cast him from a window into the courtyard at his master's feet. His papers were seized and burned by the queen-mother; among them, according to Brantôme, was a history of the civil war, "très beau et très bien fais, et digne d'estre imprimé" ("very fair and well-written, and worthy of publication"). August 22 is the 234th day of the year (235th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 16 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ... Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur (and abbé) de Brantôme (c. ...

Marriages and issue

By his first wife, Charlotte de Laval (1530-1568), Gaspard had several children: Louise, who married first Charles de Téligny and afterwards William the Silent, Prince of Orange; Francois, Admiral of Guienne, who was one of the devoted servants of Henry IV (Gaspard de Coligny (1584–1646), son of this Francis, was Marshal of France during the reign of Louis XIII); and Charles (1564-1632), Marquis d'Andelot, a Lieutenant General in Champagne. Charles de Téligny (c. ... William I (William the Silent) William I, Prince of Orange, Count of Nassau (April 24, 1533 – July 10, 1584) was the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish that set off the Eighty Years War and resulted in the formal independence of the United Provinces in 1648. ... Henry IV of France, also Henry III of Navarre (13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. ... 1584 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1646 (MDCXLVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Louis XIII (September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643), called the Just (French: le Juste), was King of France from 1610 to 1643. ... Marquis has many different meanings: The French spelling of the title known in English as Marquess and Margrave. ...

By his second wife, Jacqueline de Montbel (d.1588), the Countess d'Entremont and Launay-Gelin, Gaspard had one daughter, Beatrice, who became Countess d'Entremont. Look up Count in Wiktionary, the free dictionary A count is a nobleman in most European countries, equivalent in rank to a British earl, whose wife is still a countess (for lack of an Anglo-Saxon term). ... Entremont is a commune of the Haute-Savoie département in France and a district of the Simplon département in Switzerland. ... Beatrice (pronounced bee-a-tris or in Italian bay-a-tree-chay) is a name derived from the Latin name Beatrix. ...

Memory

Several places were named after him:

• Coligny, South Africa
• Fort Coligny, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
• Châtillon-Coligny, in France
• Laval (after his family de Laval - specifically François-Xavier de Montmorency-Laval), in Montreal, Quebec

Coligny is a maize farming town situated next to the railway line between Kimberley and Johannesburg in North West Province of South Africa. ... Fort Coligny was a fortress founded by Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1555, in what constituted the so-called France Antarctique historical episode. ... Location of Rio de Janeiro Coordinates: Country Brazil Region Southeast State Rio de Janeiro Government  - Mayor Cesar Maia (PFL) Area  - City 1,260 km²  (486. ... Laval is the name of: A city in Quebec near Montreal: see Laval, Quebec An arciphelago within the limits of the above city: see ÃŽles-Laval A city in Mayenne, France: see Laval, Mayenne A city in Isère, France: see Laval, Isère A university in Quebec City: see... This article needs cleanup. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
• Jean du Bouchet, Preuves de l'histoire généalogique de l'illustre maison de Coligny (Paris, 1661)
• biography by François Hotman, 1578 (French translation, 1665)
• L. J. Delaborde, Gaspard de Coligny (1879–1882)
• Erich Marcks (historian), Gaspard von Coligny, sein Leben und das Frankreich seiner Zeit (Stuttgart, 1892)
• H. Patry, "Coligny et la Papauté," in the Bulletin du protestantisme français (1902)
• Arthur Whiston Whitehead, Gaspard de Coligny, Admiral of France (1904)
• Charles Merki, L'Amiral de Coligny (1909).

Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... François Hotman (August 23, 1524 - February 12, 1590), was a French Protestant lawyer and writer, associated with the legal humanists and with the monarchomaques, who struggled against absolute monarchy. ...

Sources

• GeneaNet Genealogical database
• L'Amiral Coligny, Martyr Huguenot: Sermon par Alfred V. Wittmeyer bilingual commemorative sermon from 1925