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Gastric dumping syndrome, or rapid gastric emptying, happens when the lower end of the small intestine, the jejunum, fills too quickly with undigested food from the stomach. "Early" dumping begins during or right after a meal. Symptoms of early dumping include nausea, vomiting, bloating, cramping, diarrhea, dizziness and fatigue. "Late" dumping happens 1 to 3 hours after eating. Symptoms of late dumping include weakness, sweating, and dizziness. Many people have both types. Diagram of the Human Intestine In anatomy of the digestive system, the jejunum is the central of the three divisions of the small intestine and lies between the duodenum and the ileum. ...
In anatomy, the stomach (in ancient Greek στόμαχος) is an organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication. ...
Bloating is any abnormal general swelling, or increase in diameter of the abdominal area. ...
In addition, people with this syndrome often suffer from low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia, because the rapid "dumping" of food triggers the pancreas to release excessive amounts of insulin into the bloodstream. Hypoglycemia (hypoglycæmia in the UK) is a medical term referring to a pathologic state produced by a lower than normal amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood. ...
For the song by Weird Al Yankovic, see Pancreas (song) The pancreas is an organ in the digestive and endocrine system that serves two major functions: exocrine (producing pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes) and endocrine (producing several important hormones, including insulin). ...
Insulin (from Latin insula, island, as it is produced in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas) is a polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism. ...
Causes
The main cause of dumping syndrome are patients with certain types of stomach surgery, such as a gastrectomy or gastric bypass surgery, that allow the stomach to empty rapidly. Dumping syndrome can also occur as a result of complications after a cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal).[1] Diagram of the stomach, showing the different regions. ...
Gastric Bypass (GBP) refers to a group of similar operative procedures used to treat morbid obesity, a condition which arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant health problems (co-morbidities) which occur. ...
Cholecystectomy (), plural cholecystectomies, is the surgical removal of the gallbladder. ...
Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a rare disorder involving extreme peptic ulcer disease and gastrin-secreting tumors in the pancreas, may also have dumping syndrome. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a disorder where increased levels of the hormone gastrin are produced, causing the stomach to produce excess hydrochloric acid. ...
A benign gastric ulcer (from the antrum) of a gastrectomy specimen. ...
For the song by Weird Al Yankovic, see Pancreas (song) The pancreas is an organ in the digestive and endocrine system that serves two major functions: exocrine (producing pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes) and endocrine (producing several important hormones, including insulin). ...
Dumping is also common for esophageal cancer patients who have had an esophagectomy; surgery to remove the cancerous portion of their esophagus. The stomach is pulled into the chest and attached to what remains of the esophagus, leaving a short digestive tract. Both early and late dumping syndrome can occur.
Finally, patients with connective tissue conditions such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome can experience "late" dumping as a result of decreased motility. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of rare genetic disorders that diminish the bodys ability to make connective tissues. ...
Diagnosis Doctors diagnose dumping syndrome primarily on the basis of symptoms in patients who have had gastric surgery. Tests may be needed to exclude other conditions that have similar symptoms.
Treatment Dumping syndrome is largely avoidable, by avoiding certain foods which are likely to cause it, therefore a balanced diet is important. Treatment includes changes in eating habits and medication. People who have gastric dumping syndrome need to eat several small meals a day that are low in carbohydrates, particularly simple sugars (candy, desserts, ice cream), and should drink liquids between meals, not with them. People with severe cases take medicine such as Questran, Protonix, or Prevalite to slow their digestion. Doctors may also recommend surgery. Fresh Vegetables A healthy diet contains a balance of food groups and all the nutrients necessary to promote good health. ...
Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. ...
Cholestyramine (Questran®, Questran Light®, Cholybar®) is a bile acid sequestrant, which binds bile in the gastrointestinal tract to prevent its reabsorption. ...
Categories: Medicine stubs | Proton pump inhibitors ...
A cardiothoracic surgeon performs a mitral valve replacement at the Fitzsimons Army Medical Center. ...
Source Most of the text of this article is taken from http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/rapidgastricemptying/index.htm Upper gastrointestinal tract
Mouth • Pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx) • Esophagus • Crop • Stomach (rugae, gastric pits, cardia, pylorus) The gastrointestinal tract or digestive tract, also referred to as the GI tract or the alimentary canal, (nourishment canal) or the gut, is the system of organs within multicellular animals which takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. ...
Look up Mouth in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the neck and throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and cranial to the esophagus, larynx, and trachea. ...
The pharynx is the part of the digestive system of many animals immediately behind the mouth and in front of the esophagus. ...
The pharynx is the part of the digestive system of many animals immediately behind the mouth and in front of the esophagus. ...
In human anatomy, the hypopharynx is the bottom part of the pharynx, and is the part of the throat that connects to the esophagus. ...
The esophagus (also spelled oesophagus/Å“sophagus), or gullet is an organ in vertebrates which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the mouth area to the stomach. ...
The crop is a thin-walled expanded portion of the alimentary tract used for the storage of food prior to digestion that is found in many animals, including earthworms, leeches, insects, and birds. ...
In anatomy, the stomach (in ancient Greek στόμαχος) is an organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication. ...
Rugae are the mucus-covered ridges, or folds, located on the inside of the stomach wall. ...
Gastric pits are indentations in the stomach which denote entrances to the glands. ...
The cardia is the anatomical term for the junction orifice of the stomach and the esophagus. ...
From Greek pylorus; pyl- = gate, -orus = guard. ...
Lower gastrointestinal tract
Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) • Vermiform appendix In biology the small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract (gut) between the stomach and the large intestine. ...
In anatomy of the digestive system, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube connecting the stomach to the jejunum. ...
Diagram of the Human Intestine In anatomy of the digestive system, the jejunum is the central of the three divisions of the small intestine and lies between the duodenum and the ileum. ...
Grays Fig. ...
In human anatomy, the vermiform appendix (or appendix, pl. ...
Large intestine: Cecum • Colon (ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon) • Rectum (Houston valve, rectal ampulla, pectinate line) • Anal canal (anal valves, anal sinuses, anal columns) The large intestine is the last part of digestive system: the final stage of the alimentary canal in vertebrate animals. ...
In anatomy of the digestive system, the cecum or caecum is a pouch connected to the large intestine between the ileum. ...
In the anatomy of the digestive system, the colon (> Greek ) is the part of the intestine from the caecum to the rectum. ...
In anatomy of the digestive system, the colon or large intestine or large bowel is the part of the intestine from the cecum to the rectum. ...
In anatomy of the digestive system, the colon is the part of the intestine from the cecum to the rectum. ...
The Descending Colon passes downward through the left hypochondriac and lumbar regions along the lateral border of the left kidney. ...
The sigmoid colon is the part of the large intestine after the descending colon and before the rectum. ...
The rectum (from the Latin rectum intestinum, meaning straight intestine) is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the gut in others, terminating in the anus. ...
Although the term rectum means straight, the human rectum is not. ...
The rectum is about 12 cm. ...
The pectinate line (anocutaneous line, dentate line, anal verge, anorectal junction) is a line which marks the end of the anal canal and the beginning of the rectum. ...
The anal canal is the terminal part of the large intestine. ...
The rectal sinuses, end in small valve-like folds, termed anal valves, which join together the lower ends of the rectal columns. ...
The rectal columns are separated from one another by furrows, or rectal sinuses, which end below in small valve-like folds, termed anal valves. ...
The lumen of the anal canal presents, in its upper half, a number of vertical folds, produced by an infolding of the mucous membrane and some of the muscular tissue. ...
Anus: Sphincter ani internus muscle • Sphincter ani externus muscle Female Human Anatomy Male Human Anatomy This article is about the bodily orifice. ...
The Sphincter ani internus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ...
The Sphincter ani externus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ...
Enteric nervous system: Meissner's plexus • Auerbach's plexus The enteric nervous system (ENS) is an interdependent part of the autonomic nervous system. ...
The nerves of the small intestines are derived from the plexuses of sympathetic nerves around the superior mesenteric artery. ...
Part of the enteric nervous system, Auerbachs plexus exists between the longitudinal and circular layers of muscle in the gastrointestinal tract and provides motor innervation to both layers and secretomotor innervation to the mucosa. ...
Enteroendocrine cells: G cells • Enterochromaffin cells • Enterochromaffin-like cell Enteroendocrine cells are specialized endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract. ...
In medicine, the G cell is a type of cell in the stomach that secrets gastrin. ...
Serotonin Enterochromaffin (EC) cells (Kulchitsky cells) are a type of enteroendocrine cell[1] occuring in the epithelia lining the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. ...
Enterochromaffin-like cells or ECL cells are a type of neuroendocrine cells found in the gastric mucosa beneath the epithelium, particularly in the vicinity of parietal cells. ...
GALT: Peyer's patches • M cells Overview About 70% of the bodys immune system is found in the digestive tract. ...
Peyers patches are secondary lymphoid organs named after the 17th-century Swiss anatomist Hans Conrad Peyer. ...
M cells (or Microfold cells) are cells found in the follicle-associated epithelium of the Peyers patch that have the unique ability to sample antigen from the lumen of the small intestine and deliver it via transcytosis to antigen presenting cells and lymphocytes located in a unique pocket-like...
parietal cells • chief cells • goblet cells • Brunner's glands • Paneth cells • enterocytes Parietal cells (also called oxyntic cells) are cells located in the stomach epithelium. ...
A gastric chief cell (or peptic cell, or gastric zymogenic cell) is a cell in the stomach that releases pepsinogen and rennin. ...
Goblet cells are glandular simple columnar epithelial cells whose sole function is to secrete mucus. ...
Brunners glands are submucosal glands located throughout the duodenum. ...
Paneth cells provide host defense against microbes in the small intestine. ...
Enterocyte is a type of epithelial cell of the superficial layer of the small and large intestine tissue. ...
intestinal villus • crypts of Lieberkühn • circular folds • taenia coli • haustra • epiploic appendix For other meanings of villus/villi, see villi. ...
The crypts of Lieberkühn are glands found in the epithelial lining of the small intestine. ...
The circular folds (valves of Kerkring) are large valvular flaps projecting into the lumen of the bowel. ...
The Taenia Coli are three separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons. ...
The haustra of the colon are the small pouches caused by sacculation, which give the colon its segmented appearance. ...
The epiploic appendices (or epiploic appendages) are small pouches of the peritoneum filled with fat and situated along the colon and upper part of the rectum. ...
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