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Encyclopedia > Gastrocnemius muscle
Gastrocnemius muscle
Lateral aspect of right leg.
Gray's subject #129 482
Origin femur
Insertion    calcaneus
Artery: sural arteries
Nerve: tibial nerve from the sciatic, specifically, nerve roots S1–S2
Action: plantar flexes foot
 Antagonist = Tibialis anterior muscle 

In humans, the gastrocnemius (pronounced /ˌgæs.trɑkˈni.mi.əs/) muscle is a very powerful superficial muscle that is in the back part of the lower leg and also called the calf. It runs from its 2 heads just above the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing, walking, running and jumping. Along with the soleus muscle it forms the calf muscle. Image File history File links Gastrocnemius. ... Image File history File links Gray1240. ... A typical adult human skeleton consists of the following 206 bones depending on age, though this number does vary owing to a variety of anatomical variations; for example, a small portion of the human population have an extra rib, or an extra lumbar vertebra. ... The femur or thigh bone is the longest, most voluminous, and strongest bone of the mammalian bodies. ... A typical adult human skeleton consists of the following 206 bones depending on age, though this number does vary owing to a variety of anatomical variations; for example, a small portion of the human population have an extra rib, or an extra lumbar vertebra. ... The calcaneus is the large bone making up the heel of the human foot. ... Section of an artery For other uses, see Artery (disambiguation). ... The sural arteries (inferior muscular arteries) are two large branches, which are distributed to the Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris. ... List of human nerves External links List of nerves This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completeness. ... The Tibial Nerve The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. ... The sciatic nerve is a large nerve that runs down the lower limb. ... Look up kinesiology in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The tibialis anterior is a muscle that spans the length of the tibia. ... For other uses of Muscles, see Muscles (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Knee (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Heel (disambiguation). ... The soleus muscle and surrounding structures, from Grays Anatomy. ... The calf or gastrosoleus is a pair of muscles—the gastrocnemius and soleus—at the back of the lower human leg. ...

Contents

Anatomy

The gastrocnemius is located with the soleus in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg. It originates from the posterior (back) surfaces of the distal head of the femur. Its other end forms a common tendon with the soleus muscle; this tendon is known as the calcaneal tendon or Achilles Tendon and inserts onto the posterior surface of the calcaneus, or heel bone. The femur or thigh bone is the longest, most voluminous, and strongest bone of the mammalian bodies. ... The soleus muscle and surrounding structures, from Grays Anatomy. ... This is about vertebrate anatomy. ... The calcaneus is the large bone making up the heel of the human foot. ...


Deep to the gastrocnemius (farther from the skin) is the soleus muscle. Some anatomists consider both to be a single muscle, the triceps surae. The plantaris muscle and a portion of its tendon run between the two muscles, which is involved in "unlocking" the knee from the standing position. On the other side of the fascia are the tibialis posterior muscle, the flexor digitorum longus muscle, and the flexor hallucis longus muscle, along with the posterior tibial artery and posterior tibial vein and the tibial nerve. Since the anterior compartment of the leg is lateral to the tibia, the bulge of muscle medial to the tibia on the anterior side is actually the posterior compartment. The soleus is superficial midshaft of the tibia. The triceps surae a term given by some anatomists to the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles together as they both insert into the calcaneus, the bone of the heel of the human foot, and from the major part of the muscle of the back part of the lower leg (the calf... Plantaris is one of the superficial muscles of the posterior crural compartment of the leg. ... The Tibialis posterior is the most central of all the leg muscles. ... The Flexor digitorum longus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Flexor hallucis longus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... Arteries of the lower limb - posterior view. ... In anatomy, the posterior tibial vein of the lower limb carries blood from the posterior compartment and plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein which is forms when it joins with the anterior tibial vein. ... This article is about the vertebrate bone. ...


Clinical significance

The gastrocnemius muscle is very prone to spasms; the painful, involuntary, contraction of the muscle for up to several minutes.[[1]]


This muscle is prone to injury called torn calf muscle which is disabling. The calf or gastrosoleus is a pair of muscles—the gastrocnemius and soleus—at the back of the lower human leg. ...


The Gastrocnemius muscle may also become inflamed due to overuse. Anti-inflammatory and physical therapy may be necessary. Anti-inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation. ...


Additional images

External links

The dorsal interossei, four in number, are situated between the metatarsal bones. ... The Plantar interossei muscles is a muscle of the human body. ...

  Results from FactBites:
 
Gastrocnemius muscle (382 words)
The plantaris muscle and a portion of its tendon run between the two muscles, which is involved in "unlocking" the knee from the standing position.
On the other side of the fascia are the tibialis posterior muscle, the flexor digitorum longus muscle, and the flexor hallucis longus muscle, along with the posterior tibial artery and posterior tibial vein and the tibial nerve.
Since the anterior compartment of the leg is lateral to the tibia, the bulge of muscle medial to the tibia on the anterior side is actually the posterior compartment.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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