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LGBT movements

Around the world · By country

History · Groups · Activists

Same-sex relationships

Opposition · Persecution

Violence

Image File history File links Stop_hand. ... LGBT movements is a collective term for a number of social movements that share related goals of social acceptance of homosexuality and/or gender variance. ... Image File history File links Gay_flag. ... World laws on homosexuality Same-sex unions in North America. ... The Death of Orpheus In Albrecht Dürers 1494 drawing, the banner hung in the tree reads: Orfeus der erst puseran (Orpheus, the first sodomite). The word puseran(t) derives from the Latin bulgarus from which come also the terms bugger in English and bougre in French. ...

History

The first organized gay rights movement arose in the late nineteenth century in Germany. When the German Nazi party came to power in 1933, one of their first acts was to burn down the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft, and begin a process to send homosexuals to concentration camps. Fascism destroyed the organized gay rights movement, and it would not arise again until after the Second World War. The gay rights movement is a collection of loosely aligned civil rights groups, human rights groups, support groups and political activists seeking acceptance, tolerance and equality for non-heterosexual, (homosexual, bisexual), and transgender people - despite the fact that it is typically referred to as the gay rights movement, members also... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Institut für Sexualwissenschaft was an early sexology research institute in Germany, 1919-1933. ... Homosexuality is a sexual orientation characterized by esthetic attraction, romantic love, or sexual desire exclusively for another of the same sex. ...

In the late 1940s - early 1960s a gay rights movement arose in large urban cities in America and Western Europe, and was opposed by most institutions in the society, and thus their was little need for any organized opposition to gay rights. It was not until, the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 70s that certain institutions and some members of public became to support specific gay rights issues, that an organized movement arose to oppose gay rights. // Events and trends World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atomic bomb. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ...

During the sexual revolution, some radical gay rights organizations sought to abolish the age of consent laws, and the NAMBLA arose in the 1970s as an organization of gay male "boylovers". In the 1980s the rise of the AIDS-HIV pandemic and greater public awareness about child abuse, contributed to a public backlash against gay rights issues, and forced gay rights organizations to formally rebuke NAMBLA and to advocate safe sex programs. While there is no evidence that homosexuals are any more likely to molest children, and in fact most credible studies done show that most child molestors are heterosexual, the stereotype that gay men and women had a predatory interest in children was a powerful tool for organizations that wanted to oppose gay rights legislation and reforms [1]. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The North American Man/Boy Love Association (NAMBLA) is a U.S.-based group that calls for the elimination of age-based restrictions on sexual behavior. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... This article contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... MacGyver - 1980s hero The 1980s decade refers to the years from 1980 to 1989, inclusive. ... The Red Ribbon is a symbol for solidarity with HIV-positive people and those living with AIDS. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS or Aids) is a collection of symptoms and infections in humans resulting from the specific damage to the immune system caused by infection with... Human immunodeficiency virus (commonly known as HIV, and formerly known as HTLV-III and lymphadenopathy-associated virus) is a retrovirus that primarily infects vital components of the human immune system such as CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. ... The North American Man/Boy Love Association (NAMBLA) is a U.S.-based group that calls for the elimination of age-based restrictions on sexual behavior. ... Safe sex, also called safer sex, is a set of practices designed to reduce the risk of transmitting sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) (also known as sexually-transmitted diseases or STDs). ...

Anita Bryant

In the late 1970s gay rights organizations were making small gains in large urban centers in America such as San Francisco, New York City, and Minneapolis. Several states reformed their criminal code to decriminalize homosexuality between consenting adults in private, and some cities were passed local anti-discrimination laws that included protection based on sexual orientation. The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Big Apple, The Capital of the World[1], Gotham Location Location in the state of New York Government Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Geographical characteristics Area    - City 1,214. ... This article is about the city in Minnesota. ... Sexual orientation describes the direction of an individuals sexuality, often in relation to their own sex or gender. ...

Anita Bryant organized the first major opposition movement to gay rights in America, based on fundamentalist Christian values. The group used various slogans that played off the fear that gay people were interested in "recruiting" or molesting children into a "life-style." A common slogan of the campaign was "Homosexuals cannot reproduce — so they must recruit" or its variants, based on the underlying belief that a homosexual orientation is chosen. The Bryant campaign was successful in repealing many of the city anti-discrimination laws, and in proposing other citizen initiatives, such as a failed California ballot question designed to ban homosexuals or anyone who endorsed gay rights from being a public school teacher. Anita Bryant (born March 25, 1940, in Barnsdall, Oklahoma) is an American singer who made a series of television commercials for Florida orange juice. ...

The name of this group was Save Our Children, and its most successful campaign resulted in the repealing of Dale County's Civil Rights Ordinance by an overwhelming margin of 69% to 31%. Soon after, legislation was passed outlawing adoption by non-heterosexual persons in Florida. In 1998, Dale County passed an anti-discrimination law that included the protection of people from discrimination based on sexual orientation, but the ban on homosexuals adopting children remains on the books. The success of the Bryant campaigned encouraged the development of other organizations who opposed gay rights legislation on similar fear-based grounds. Dale County is a county of the State of Alabama. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... Sexual orientation describes the direction of an individuals sexuality, often in relation to their own sex or gender. ...

From the late 1970s onwards, Christian fundamentalist organizations such as the 700 Club, Focus on the Family, Concerned Women For America, and the Christian Coalition found that opposition to gay rights based on Biblical teachings, and various anti-gay sterotypes was an effective tool to raise revenue for their organizations. They built strong lobbying organizations to oppose gay rights, as well as other "secular sins" such as abortion, feminism and pornography. These organizations aligned themselves with the Republican Party as part of the party's Southern Strategy to win Electoral College votes in the traditionally socially conservative South. The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... The 700 Club is a Christian News and talk show hosted by religious leader Pat Robertson, airing on cables ABC Family and in syndication throughout the United States and Canada. ... Focus on the Family (FOTF or FotF), founded in 1977, is an evangelical Christian 501(c)(3) non-profit organization based in the United States. ... Concerned Women for America is a conservative Christian group that is active in politics in the United States. ... This article is about the organization presently operating in the United States. ... Statue of Emmeline Pankhurst, a famous suffragette, in Victoria Tower Gardens next to the Houses of Parliament, Westminster. ... Pornographic movies Pornography (from Greek πορνη prostitute and γραφία written material) (also informally referred to as porn or porno) is the representation of the human body or sexual activity with the goal of sexual arousal. ... This article is about the modern United States Republican Party. ... In American politics, the Southern strategy refers to the focus of the Republican party on winning U.S. Presidential elections by securing the electoral votes of the U.S. Southern states, ostensibly by making racial appeals to southerners. ... An electoral college is a set of electors who are empowered as a deliberative body to elect someone to a particular office. ...

Fundamentalist Christian organizations followed a similar model in other nations. In the 1980s organizations opposed to gay rights succcesfully persuaded the British Conservative Party to enact Section 28, which banned public schools from "promoting homosexuality" or endorsing same-sex marriages. In the late 1990s, the growing public education and support for gay rights legislation in America and many other developed countries forced the organizations opposed to gay rights to change their model. MacGyver - 1980s hero The 1980s decade refers to the years from 1980 to 1989, inclusive. ... The Conservative Party is one of the two largest political parties in the United Kingdom and the most successful party in political history based on election victories. ... Sir Ian McKellen with Michael Cashman at the 1988 Gay Rights March on Manchester in protest of Section 28. ... The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive. ...

Public opinion

In 1970, a national survey in that year found that more than 70% of respondents agreed with one of the assertions: "Homosexuals are dangerous as teachers or youth leaders because they try to get sexually involved with children" or "Homosexuals try to play sexually with children if they cannot get an adult partner." 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ...

Public perception has changed since. Gallup polls have found that increasing number of Americans would allow gay people to be elementary school teachers. For example, the proportion was 61% in 2003, compared to 27% in 1977.

In another poll conducted in 1999, the belief that most gay men are likely to molest or abuse children was endorsed by only 19% of heterosexual men and 10% of heterosexual women. Even fewer — 9% of men and 6% of women — regarded most lesbians as child molesters.

The public was less willing to believe that most gay people were sexual predators, more gay characters were appearing in popular culture, and the murder of Matthew Shepard required the opponents to gay rights to change their model. Matthew Wayne Shepard (December 1, 1976 – October 12, 1998) was an American student at the University of Wyoming, who was attacked by Russell Henderson and Aaron McKinney near Laramie, Wyoming on the night of October 6–October 7, 1998. ...

New model

Many of the organizations opposed to gay rights began to soften their message, although some organizations such as the small church lead by Fred Phelps continued a hardline message. Homosexuality became a problem to be overcome, akin to alcoholism, rather than something to be feared or loathed. Fred Phelps d. ... Alcoholism is a powerful craving for alcohol which often results in the compulsive consumption of alcohol otherwise known as an addiction. ...

While the ex-gay movement has been in existence since the 1970s, it started to be a greater force in socially conservative organizations that wanted to oppose gay rights. Along with the ex-gay movement, the focus on the opposition to gay rights often centers often around same-sex marriage as many other gay rights issues such as anti-discrimination laws and the right to privacy have mainstream support. For example, when the United States Supreme Court ruled in Lawrence v. Texas that states could no longer criminalize consensual acts of sodomy between adults, many opponents of gay rights did not publically support sodomy laws, but rather opposed the ruling because it would lead to gay marriage. Under the new model of opposition, gay rights should still be opposed, but gay men and women need compassion and treatment for their problem. The ex-gay or exodus movement claims that homosexuals can become heterosexual or otherwise leave homosexuality behind through counselling, prayer, and other therapies if they choose to do so. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... The ex-gay or exodus movement claims that homosexuals can become heterosexual or otherwise leave homosexuality behind through counselling, prayer, and other therapies if they choose to do so. ... Same-sex marriage is marriage between two people who are of the same sex (i. ... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States... Holding A Texas law prohibiting homosexual sodomy violated the liberty under the Fourteenth Amendment of adults to engage in private intimate conduct. ... Sodomy is a term of religious origin used to characterize certain sexual acts. ...

Boy Scouts of America

For more details on this topic, see Boy Scouts of America membership controversies#Position on homosexuals.

The Boy Scouts of America exclude homosexuals and bisexuals from its organizations, both as Scouts and Scoutmasters. They say that they have certain moral standards and values, and that homosexuality is incompatible with the Scout Oath and Law, which requires boys to be "morally straight." They say that this is not discriminatory. As they say on their website, "Tolerance for diversity of values does not require abdication of one's own values" [2]. The Boy Scouts of America logo The Boy Scouts of America (BSA), the largest youth organization in the United States (U.S.), has policies which prohibit certain people from membership and participation. ... This article is about the national organization. ...

In 2000 the United States Supreme Court ruled in the case Boy Scouts of America v. Dale [3] that the organization can decide its own membership rules, but there is still a movement to try and persuade the organization to change its policy or allow local chapters to decide for themselves. This article is about the year 2000. ... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States... Boy Scouts of America et al v. ...

In 2005, the US Congress passed the "Support Our Scouts Act of 2005" to exempt the BSA from anti-discrimination laws, to require the Department of Defense to support scouting Jamborees (thus overturning a Federal Court injunction prohibiting this as an unconstitutional establishment of religion in violation of the First Amendment) and to require state or local governments that receive Community Development Block Grant money from the Department of Housing and Urban Development to allow BSA to have meetings in their facilities or on their property. The Support Our Scouts Act of 2005 was passed to prevent State and Federal agencies from reducing their support for the Boy Scouts of America (and other youth organization). ... Jamboree is a title of two albums: Jamboree, released by Guadalcanal Diary in 1986. ... Establishment of religion refers to investing political power in a particular religious faith or body. ... The first ten Amendments to the U.S. Constitution make up the Bill of Rights. ...

Critics claim that homosexuals are not incompatible with scout values and are allowed to be members in most countries in the world [4], including the United Kingdom, where scouting was founded. Some United Ways, municipalities, school districts and businesses have stopped supporting scouting for those reasons. [5] The United Way of America is a coalition of charitable organizations that has traditionally pooled efforts in fund raising. ...

Other outdoor-focused, youth-based organizations such as the 4-H club and Girl Scouts do not have similar policies. The BSA, however, receives a high level of support from religious groups which are noted for their opposition to gay rights. [6] 4-H in the United States is a youth organization in the United States administered by the Department of Agriculture Cooperative Extension System with the mission of empowering youth to reach their full potential, working and learning in partnership with caring adults. ... The Girl Scouts of the United States of America is a youth organization for girls in the United States based on the Scouting principles developed by Robert Baden-Powell. ...

United States Armed Forces

The United States Armed Forces has a policy of don't ask, don't tell where gay men and women are separated from the armed forces if they "tell", but that the armed forces is not supposed to "ask." While the policy is defended on fundamentalist grounds, it also argued that young avowed heterosexual men would not tolerate working with young avowed homosexuals and those lifting the ban would hurt the morale and unit cohesion.^{[citation needed]} The enforcement of this policy has been noted to fluctuate with shifting manpower requirements in times of conflict. Dont ask, dont tell is the common term for the current U.S. military policy which implements Public Law 103-160, codified at 10 U.S.C. Sec. ...

Socialist and communist opposition

For more details on this topic, see Socialism and LGBT rights.

Socialists and communists historically had a mixed record when it comes to gay rights issues. Authoritarian communist governments have generally opposed gay rights, while the more libertarian-socialists and democratic socialists have generally supported some gay rights issues. Qiu Jin (1875-1907), Chinese left-wing revolutionary who cross-dressed and had female lovers. ...

Libertarian opposition

For more details on this topic, see Libertarian perspectives on gay rights#Libertarian opposition to certain goals of major gay rights organizations.

Libertarianism runs contrary to the mainstream gay rights movement on some, but not all, gay rights issues. While a libertarian perspective on gay rights endorses some gay rights positions, it also opposes gay rights when they involve anti-discrimination laws that impose government regulations on the private sector, religious organizations or private clubs. The Gays and Lesbians For Individual Liberty filed a brief in support of discrimination against gays by the Boy Scouts of America before the Supreme Court, and other libertarian organizations, such as the Outright Libertarians, likewise oppose all gay rights that require government action. The libertarian perspective on gay rights has been a topic of debate among libertarians, especially US-Americans. ... Libertarianism, sometimes known as right-libertarianism, is a political philosophy[1] advocating that individuals should be free to do whatever they wish with their person or property, as long as they do not infringe on the same liberty of others. ... This article is about the national organization. ... Outright Libertarians is a United States association of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, and other self-identified queer (LGBTQ) Libertarian Party activists and supporters. ...

Fascist opposition

Fascist political parties have been universal in their violent opposition to gay rights. Today, Neo Nazi organizations and the Ku Klux Klan also oppose gay rights, and advocate the death penalty or life sentences in prison or concentration camps for homosexuals. Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ... The term Neo-Nazism is used to refer to any social or political movement seeking to revive Nazism or a racist form of Fascism, and which postdates the Second World War. ... Members of the second Ku Klux Klan at a rally during the 1920s. ... Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offense or a capital crime. ...

Anarchist & other opposition

Most anarchists support gay rights, though there is one key exception: Hardline straight edge. Hardline is an ascetic anarchist variation on straight edge, indebted to Abrahamic religion, which opposes gay rights. Their primary objection is that the ethos disseminated in the Hardline Manifesto opposes "special privileges" for certain groups. In addition, they have religious objections to homosexuality (regarding sex purely for procreation). Hardline was a radical deep ecology movement that had its roots in the straight edge hardcore scene. ... Hardline was a radical deep ecology movement that had its roots in the straight edge hardcore scene. ... The word ascetic derives from the ancient Greek term askesis (practice, training or exercise). ... Anarchism is a generic term describing various political philosophies and social movements that advocate the elimination of hierarchy and imposed authority. ... For the drawing or cutting tool, see Straightedge. ... map showing the prevalence of Abrahamic (purple) and Dharmic (yellow) religions in each country. ... Special rights is a political term used primarily by conservatives in the United States to refer to laws that prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation. ...

Psychological

Most LGBT groups see homosexuality as natural and not a choice. A resolution adopted by the American Psychological Association in August 1997 states that "homosexuality is not a mental disorder"^[1]. The American Psychological Association (APA) is a professional organization representing psychology in the US. It has around 150,000 members and an annual budget of around $70m. ...

Some groups, many of which are funded by religious organizations, promote an idea called reparative therapy, which considers homosexuality to be a behavior that can be modified, rather than a permanent orientation, with the goal of creating ex-gays.^[2] Reparative therapy, or conversion, reorientation or differentiation therapy, is any of several techniques that are aimed at changing a persons sexual orientation from homosexuality to heterosexuality (or ex-gay). ... The ex-gay or exodus movement claims that homosexuals can become heterosexual or otherwise leave homosexuality behind through counselling, prayer, and other therapies if they choose to do so. ...

Religious and philosophical

Christian,^[3][4][5] Jewish,^[6] and Islamic^[7] social conservatives view homosexuality as a sin, and its practice and acceptance in society as a weakening of moral standards. This is a primary reason why many religious social conservatives oppose homosexual activists' goals. SiN is a computer game developed by Ritual Entertainment and published by Activision in late 1998. ...

By contrast, some religious groups are supportive of gay rights, such as a majority of the leadership and many congregations within the United Church of Christ have supported the right for homosexuals to marry.^[8] Emblem of the UCC The United Church of Christ (UCC) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States, generally considered within the Reformed tradition, and formed in 1957 by the merger of two denominations, the Evangelical and Reformed Church and the Congregational Christian Churches. ...

Some also cite natural law, sometimes referred to as God's law or nature's law, as a reason that the homosexual agenda is harmful to society.^[9][10][11] It has been suggested that Anarchist law be merged into this article or section. ...

See also

• Anti-gay slogan
• Culture war
• Family values
• Homophobia
• Homosexual agenda
• Homosexuality and Christianity
• Homosexuality and Islam
• Homosexuality and Judaism
• Homosexuality laws of the world
• LGBT social movements

Anti-gay slogans are catchphrases or slogans which express opposition to homosexuality in ways which gay rights activists consider to be irrationally hostile or fearful (see homophobia and also anti-gay). ... The term Culture Wars has been used to describe ideologically-driven and often strident confrontations typical of American public culture and politics since the 1960s, but especially beginning in the 1980s. ... This article discusses family values as a moral and political concept. ... The word homophobia means fear of, aversion to, or discrimination against homosexuality or homosexuals. ... The Homosexual Agenda (or the gay agenda) is a term used by conservatives who oppose gay rights to describe gay and lesbian activists goals of increasing tolerance and acceptance of homosexuality in public policies, media, and culture. ... This is a list of Christian denominational positions on homosexuality. ... For age-structured homosexuality, see Pederasty in the Islamic world There is no concept analogous to homosexuality in Islam, in the sense of an innate identity. ... The subject of homosexuality in Judaism dates back to the Biblical book of Leviticus, which describes sexual intercourse between males as an abomination that may be subject to capital punishment (although there currently exist no Halakhic courts authorized to administer capital punishment). ... World laws on homosexuality Same-sex unions in North America. ... LGBT social movements is a collective term for a number of movements that share related goals of social acceptance of homosexuality and/or gender variance. ...

References

• "Facts About Homosexuality and Child Molestation", article from the psychology department at UC Davis