Mahmut Gazi Yaşargil is a Turkish medical scientist and neurosurgeon (born on July 6, 1925 in Lice, Diyarbakır, Turkey.) He is the founder of microneurosurgery. Yaşargil treated epilepsy and brain tumors with instruments of his own design. Medicine is the branch of health science and the sector of public life concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, treatment and possible prevention of disease and injury. ... The physicist Albert Einstein is probably the most famous scientist of our time. ... Old German engraving depicting a trepanation, an ancient and still performed neurosurgical procedure Neurosurgery is the surgical discipline focused on treating those central and peripheral nervous system diseases amenable to mechanical intervention. ... July 6 is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 178 days remaining. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Diyarbakir (Syriac: ܐܡܝܕ; Greek: Amida; Turkish spelling: Diyarbakır) is a city in Turkey, situated on the banks of the River Tigris. ... Insertion of electrode during parkinson surgery. ... A brain tumor is any intracranial tumor created by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, normally either found in the brain itself (neurons, glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells), lymphatic tissue, blood vessels), in the cranial nerves (myelin-producing Schwann cells), in the brain envelopes (meninges), skull, pituitary and pineal gland...

Education and career

After attending school and college in Ankara, Turkey between 1931 and 1943, he started to study medicine in January 1944 at the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany. Due to the problems during the end of the World War II, he left Germany in May 1945 to continue his study at the Medical School of the Basel University, Switzerland. Yaşargil received his Doctor of Medicine degree in March 1950 from this university. Ankara (Greek: Áγκυρα) is the capital of Turkey and the countrys second largest city after Ä°stanbul. ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (FSU) is located in Jena, Thuringia in Germany and was named for the German writer Friedrich Schiller in 1934. ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... The University of Basel (German: Universität Basel) is located at Basel, Switzerland. ... Doctor of Medicine (M.D., from the Latin Medicinæ Doctor) is an academic degree. ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

After some time as resident in the Psychiatric Department at the University of Berne in Munsingen, Bern, he finally committed to a career in neurosurgery, spending a requisite year as internal medicine resident and another studying general surgery at the Hospital in Interlaken and then later a short time as a researcher in brain anatomy in the Department of Anatomy at the University of Basel. In January 1953, he began his residency in Neurosurgery at the University of Zurich, under Professor Hugo Krayenbuhl. Yaşargil was chief resident from 1957 to 1965 at the University Hospital in Zurich. University of Berne The University of Berne is a university in the Swiss capital of Berne. ... Münsingen is a municipality in the district of Konolfingen of the Canton of Bern in Switzerland. ... Location within Switzerland The city of Bern, English traditionally Berne (Bernese German Bärn , German Bern , French Berne , Italian Berna , Romansh Berna ), is the Bundesstadt (administrative capital) of Switzerland, and is the fourth most populous Swiss city (after Zürich, Geneva and Basel). ... Old German engraving depicting a trepanation, an ancient and still performed neurosurgical procedure Neurosurgery is the surgical discipline focused on treating those central and peripheral nervous system diseases amenable to mechanical intervention. ... Internal medicine is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of internal diseases, that is, those that affect internal organs or the body as a whole. ... A surgeon operating General surgery, despite its name, is a surgical specialty that focuses on surgical treatment of abdominal organs, e. ... Interlaken is a municipality in the Canton of Bern in Switzerland. ... In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), is the control center of the central nervous system. ... Anatomical drawing of the human muscles from the Encyclopédie. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ... The University of Zurich (in German: Universität Zürich) is the largest university of Switzerland, in the city of Zurich. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ...

In 1960, Yaşargil became Privatdozent and in 1965 he was appointed as assistant professor. From 1965 to 1967 he carried out research in microvascular surgery at the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA under Professor R.M. Peardon Donaghy, where he learned microsurgical techniques in the animal laboratory. After returning to Zurich, he performed the first cerebral vascular bypass surgery using the surgical microscope on October 30, 1967, launching himself into the limelight of the neurosurgical world where he has remained since. Dissatisfied with the available macrosurgical techniques and encouraged by colleagues such as Donaghy and Krayenbuhl, Yaşargil possessed the ingenuity to take advantage of and further improve emerging technologies such as angiography to develop microsurgery. To enable the advancement of microsurgical techniques, he created innovative instrumentation, such as the floating microscope, the self-retaining adjustable retractor, microsurgical instruments, and ergonomic aneurysm clips and appliers. His genius in developing microsurgical techniques for use in cerebrovascular neurosurgery transformed the outcomes of patients with conditions that were previously inoperable. In 1969 Yaşargil became associate professor and in 1973 professor and chairman of the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Zurich succeeding his mentor, Prof. Krayenbuhl. Over the next 20 years, he carried out laboratory work and clinical applications of micro techniques, performing 7500 intracranial operations in Zurich until his retirement in 1993. In 1994, Yaşargil accepted an appointment as Professor of Neurosurgery at the College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences in Little Rock where he is still active in the practice of micro-neurosurgery, research, and teaching. 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... Privatdozent (PD or Priv. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... A professor is a senior teacher and researcher, usually in a college or university. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Microsurgery is a type of surgery where an operating microscope is used. ... The University of Vermont and State Agricultural College, or simply The University of Vermont, is a public university located in Burlington, Vermont. ... Burlington is the largest city in the U.S. state of Vermont and is the Shire town of Chittenden County, Vermont. ... In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), is the control center of the central nervous system. ... The arterial system The blood vessels are part of the circulatory system and function to transport blood throughout the body. ... October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 62 days remaining. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Angiography or arteriography is a medical imaging technique in which an X-ray picture is taken to visualize the inner opening of blood filled structures, including arteries, veins and the heart chambers. ... // Description An aneurysm (or aneurism) is a localized dilation or ballooning of a blood vessel by more than 50% of the diameter of the vessel and can lead to instant death. ... Cerebrovascular disease is damage to the blood vessels in the brain, resulting in a stroke. ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... A professor is a senior teacher and researcher, usually in a college or university. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... A professor giving a lecture The meaning of the word professor (Latin: one who claims publicly to be an expert) varies. ... In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), is the control center of the central nervous system. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... The University of Arkansas, known also as the U of A or UA, is a public co-educational land-grant university. ... There is also a Littlerock, California. ...

Yaşargil has helped three generations of neurosurgeons, defining what is possible in neurosurgery, and then demonstrating how to achieve it. In the micro-neurosurgical anatomical laboratory in Zurich he trained around 3000 colleagues from all continents and representing all surgical specialties. He participated in several hundred national and international neurosurgical congresses, symposiums, and courses as an invited guest.

He is married to Dianne Bader-Gibson Yaşargil, who was the nurse in charge of the operating suite by his side since 1973, and is still assisting him in surgery. This article focuses on the education and regulation of nurses. ...

Publications

Yaşargil published his surgical experiences in 330 papers and 7 monographs. The six-volume publication Microneurosurgery (1984-1996, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart-New York) is the comprehensive review of his broad experiences and a major contribution to the neurosurgery literature.

Membership

• 1973-1975 President of the Neurosurgical Society of Switzerland

Honorary Degrees

Honorary Doctor

• 1990 Ibni Sina University Ankara, Turkey
• 1991 Cerrahpaşa University Istanbul, Turkey
• 1999 University of Lima, Peru
• 2000 Hacettepe University Ankara, Turkey
• 2001 Capital University of Medical Sciences Beijing and Xian, China
• 2002 Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Germany

Honorary Professor

• 1993 University of Zurich, Switzerland
• 2003 19th May University Samsun, Turkey

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Honorary Citizen

• 1975 Austin, Texas, USA
• 1992 Ürgüp, Turkey
• 1999 Rosario, Argentina

Flag Seal Nickname: Live Music Capital of the World Location Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: Government County Travis County Mayor Will Wynn Geographical characteristics Area 669. ... Official language(s) See: Languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 268,581 sq mi (695,622 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... Ãœrgüp is a district of NevÅŸehir Province of Turkey. ... Rosario is the largest city of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, and the third most populous in the country, after Buenos Aires and Córdoba. ...

Honorary Membership

• 1976 Academia Brasileira de Neurocirurgia
• 1977 Society of Neurological Surgeons, USA
• 1979 American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas, USA (Honorary Fellow)
• 1981 Canadian Neurosurgical Society
• 1986 Congress of Neurological Surgeons
• 1987 Japan Neurosurgical Society
• 1989 American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Harvey Cushing Society
• 1989 Swiss Society of Neuroradiology
• 1990 Royal Society of Medicine, London, Section of Neurology
• 1990 Turkish Neurosurgical Society
• 1990 International Skull Base Society
• 1993 Swiss Neurosurgical Society
• 1994 Argentine Neurosurgical Society
• 1998 American Society of Neuroradiology
• 1998 Turkish Academy of Sciences
• 1999 Peruvian Neurosurgical Society
• 2000 Italian Neurosurgical Society
• 2002 Hong Kong Neurosurgical Society
• 2003 Rocky Mountain Neurosurgical Society, USA
• 2003 Mexican Society of Neurological Surgery
• 2006 Sociedade Portuguesa de Neurocirurgia

Awards

• 1957 Vogt-Award of the Swiss Ophthalmological Society
• 1968 Robert-Bing-Prize of Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences
• 1976 Marcel-Benoit-Prize of Swiss Federation
• 1980 “Neurosurgeon of the Year”
• 1981 Pioneer Microsurgeon Award of the International Microsurgical Society, Sidney, Australia
• 1988 Medal of Honor of Universita di Napoli e della Compagna Naples, Italy
• 1992 Medical Award of the Republic of Turkey
• 1997 Gold Medal of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies
• 1998 Distinguished Faculty Scholar, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
• 1998 Honored as “Neurosurgeon of the Century” by the Brazilian Neurosurgical

Society 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• 1999 European Association of Neurological Surgeons Medal of Honor
• 1999 Honored as "Neurosurgery’s Man of the Century 1950-1999" by the journal Neurosurgery at the Congress of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting
• 2000 Fedor Krause Medal, German Neurosurgical Society
• 2000 Honorary Fellowship of the American College of Surgeons
• 2000 Medal of the Republic of Turkey
• 2000 Award of the Turkish Academy of Sciences
• 2002 International Francesco Durante Award, Italy

External links

• M. Gazi Yasargil:Neurosurgery's Man of the Century. - biographi article featured in Neurosurgery (journal). 45(5):1010, November 1999