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Gemeinschaft (German pronunciation (help·
info))' and Gesellschaft are sociological categories introduced by the German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies for two normal types of human association. (A normal type as coined by Tönnies is a purely conceptual tool to be built up logically, whereas an ideal type, as coined by Max Weber, is a concept formed by accentuating main elements of a historic/social change.) Tönnies' concepts of both Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, strictly separated from each other conceptually, are fully discussed in his work Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (1887), seven more German editions). Only the second edition of 1912 turned out to be a success, and the antagonism of these two terms belonged to the general stock of concepts German pre-1933 intellectuals were quite familiar with and quite often misunderstood. Image File history File links DE_gemeinschaft. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Ferdinand Tönnies (July 26, 1855, near Oldenswort (Eiderstedt) - April 9, 1936, Kiel, Germany) was a German sociologist. ...
The typological term normal type (in German: Normaltyp) has been coined by Ferdinand Tönnies (1855-1936, German sociologist). ...
Ideal type, also known as pure type, or idealtyp (in the original German), is a typological term invented by sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920). ...
For other persons named Max Weber, see Max Weber (disambiguation). ...
1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ...
1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Antagonism is defined as hostility that results in active resistance, opposition, or contentiousness. ...
Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ...
Gemeinschaft
Gemeinschaft (often translated as community or Cheers) is an association in which individuals are oriented to the large association as much if not more than to their own self interest. Furthermore, individuals in Gemeinschaft are regulated by common mores, or beliefs about the appropriate behavior and responsibility of members of the association, to each other and to the association at large; associations marked by "unity of will" (Tönnies, 22). Tönnies saw the family as the most perfect expression of Gemeinschaft; however, he expected that Gemeinschaft could be based on shared place and shared belief as well as kinship, and he included globally dispersed religious communities as possible examples of Gemeinschaft. A community usually refers to a sociological group in a large place or collections of plant or animal organisms sharing an environment. ...
Cheers is an American situation comedy produced by Charles-Burrows-Charles Productions in association with Paramount Television for NBC. Cheers was created by the team of James Burrows, Glen Charles, and Les Charles. ...
Mores are strongly held norms or customs. ...
Gemeinschafts are broadly characterized by a moderate division of labour, strong personal relationships, strong families, and relatively simple social institutions. In such societies there is seldom a need to enforce social control externally, due to a collective sense of loyalty individuals feel for society. Historically, Gemeinschaft societies were racially and ethnically homogeneous. Division of labour is the specialization of cooperative labour in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles, intended to increase efficiency of output. ...
Gesellschaft Gesellschaft (often translated as society or civil society or 'association' or Brady Bunch'), in contrast, describes associations in which, for the individual, the larger association never takes on more importance than individual self interest, and lack the same level of shared mores. Gesellschaft is maintained through individuals acting in their own self interest. A modern business is a good example of Gesellschaft, the workers, managers, and owners may have very little in terms of shared orientations or beliefs, they may not care deeply for the product they are making, but it is in all their self interest to come to work to make money, and thus the business continues. Young people interacting within an ethnically diverse society. ...
The Brady Bunch was a US television situation comedy, based around a large family. ...
Unlike Gemeinschaften, Gesellschaften emphasize secondary relationships rather than familial or community ties, and there is generally less individual loyalty to society. Social cohesion in Gesellschafts typically derives from a more elaborate division of labor. Such societies are considered more susceptible to class conflict as well as racial and ethnic conflicts. Class conflict is both the friction that accompanies social relationships between members or groups of different social classes and the underlying tensions or antagonisms which exist in society. ...
Since, for Tönnies, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft are normal types, he considered them a matter of Pure Sociology, whereas in Applied Sociology, on doing empirical research, he expected to find nothing else than a mix of them. Nevertheless, following Tönnies, without normal types one might not be able to analyze mix.
In business usage, Gesellschaft means business association and is one German term for "company", as in Aktiengesellschaft or Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH). Wall Street, Manhattan is the location of the New York Stock Exchange and is often used as a symbol for the world of business. ...
Business organizations is an area of law that covers the broad array of rules governing the formation and operation of different kinds of entities by which individuals can organize to do business. ...
Look up company in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The German term Aktiengesellschaft (IPA /aktsiəngəzεlʃaft/) (abbreviated AG) means a corporation which is limited by shares, , owned by shareholders. ...
Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH or GesmbH) is a type of legal entity created in Germany in 1892. ...
References - Ferdinand Tönnies (ed. Jose Harris), Community and Civil Society, Cambridge University Press (2001), hardcover, 266 pages, ISBN 0-521-56119-1; trade paperback, Cambridge University Press (2001), 266 pages, ISBN 0-521-56782-3
- Ferdinand Tönnies, Ferdinand Tönnies Gesamtausgabe {TG}, critical edition, 24 vols., ed. Lars Clausen et al., Berlin/New York (de Gruyter): 1998- ), see external weblink Verlagsinformationen.
- in The Misadventures of Tron Bonne, the titular pirate's ship is called "The Gesellschaft".
The Ferdinand Tönnies Society (, FTG) was founded in 1956 in Kiel, Germany. ...
The Misadventures of Tron Bonne, known in Japan as Tron and Servbot (トãƒãƒ³ã«ã‚³ãƒ–ン Tron ni Kobun), is a video game that was developed and published by Capcom for the PlayStation. ...
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