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(info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005- 07-20, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (audio help) More spoken articles In phonetics, gemination is when a spoken consonant is "doubled", so that it is pronounced for an audibly longer period of time than a "single" consonant. The term comes from the word geminus, Latin for "twin". Image File history File links Gemination. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
2005 (MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
July 20 is the 201st day (202nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 164 days remaining. ...
Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone = sound/voice) is the study of sounds (voice). ...
Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-07-20, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ...
Latin is an Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...
Gemination is distinctive in certain languages, for instance Italian, Japanese, Arabic, Finnish. Most languages don't have distinctive geminates (like English). Estonian has three phonemic lengths; however, the third length is a suprasegmental feature, which is as much tonal patterning as a length distinction. It is traceable to allophony caused by now-deleted suffixes, for example half-long linna < *linnan "of the city" vs. overlong linna < *linnahan "to the city". The Arabic language (; , less formally, ) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Gemination in phonetics
Geminated fricatives, nasals, approximants, and trills are simply prolonged. In geminated stops, the "hold" is prolonged. Geminates are usually around one and a half or two times as long as a short consonants, depending on the language. Fricatives (or spirants) are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. ...
A nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. ...
Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and typical consonants. ...
In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the articulator and the place of articulation. ...
A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. ...
History of the term Originally, gemination meant something different than mere consonant length. At the end of the 19th century, German phoneticians thought that a long consonant that follows a checked vowel would have two peaks of intensity, whereas other long consonants would have only one. Therefore, these double-peaked long consonants were called geminates. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...
In English phonetics and phonology, checked vowels are those that must be followed by a consonant in a stressed syllable, while free vowels are those that may stand in a stressed open syllable with no following consonant. ...
The sound intensity, I, (acoustic intensity) is defined as the sound power Pac per unit area A. The usual context is the measurement of sound intensity in the air at a listeners location. ...
The hypothesis of the two peaks of intensity was abandoned because it could not be confirmed by measurements. Nowadays, the term geminate is a synonym for 'long consonant'.
The term is occasionally applied to vowels.
Writing In written language, gemination is often indicated by writing a consonant twice ("ss", "kk", "pp", and so forth), but can also be indicated with a special symbol, such as the shadda in Arabic, or small tsu in Japanese. Estonian uses 'b', 'd', 'g' for short consonants, and 'p', 't', 'k' and 'pp', 'tt', 'kk' are used for geminates. Writing may refer to two activities: the inscribing of characters on a medium, with the intention of forming words and other constructs that represent language or record information, and the creation of material to be conveyed through written language. ...
The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing in the Arabic language. ...
Gemination can also be a spelling phenomenon, as in English words like "running" where there is no lengthening of the consonant in actual speech. However, consonants in English are often doubled in writing to indicate that the preceding vowel is 'short', as in "tapping" (from "tap"), which is distinct from "taping" (from "tape").
In English In the English phonology, gemination is not distinctive. Phonetic gemination occurs marginally. It is often found where a root-word is preceded by another root or a prefix ending with the same letter or sound that the second root begins with. Examples: "homemade," "screenname," "flat-top," "misspell," "unknown," "interrelated," "innumerable", "irredeemable." In some dialects it is also found when the suffix -ly follows a root ending in -l or -ll, for example: "fully", "evilly", "dully", "foully." In all dialects it also occurs over word boundaries: "I'll learn", "some money", "with things". English phonology is the study of the way speech sounds pattern in the English language. ...
In most instances, the absence of this doubling does not affect the meaning, though it may confuse the listener momentarily. Notable examples where the doubling does affect the meaning are the pairs "unaimed" versus "unnamed", and "holy" versus "wholly" (the latter two sounding identical in many areas however).
In other languages In languages such as Swedish or Italian, consonant gemination and vowel length depend on each other. That is, a short vowel must be followed by a long consonant (geminate), whereas a long vowel must be followed by a short consonant. In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound. ...
In other languages, such as Finnish or Japanese, consonant gemination and vowel length are independent of each other. In Finnish, gemination is phonemic, such that taka "back", takka "fireplace", taakka "burden", and so forth are different, unrelated words; this distinctinction is traceable all the way back to Proto-Finno-Ugric. Finnish gemination is also affected by consonant gradation. Another important phenomenon is that sandhi produces geminates to word boundaries from an archiphonemic glottal stop, for example ota' se → otas_se "take it!" In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound. ...
Proto-Finno-Ugric is the reconstructed protolanguage for the Finno-Ugric languages, that is the ancestor of the Samic languages or Finnic languages, such as Finnish, and the Ugric languages, whose best known example is Hungarian. ...
Consonant gradation is a linguistic term for the changing of consonants. ...
Sandhi is a cover term for a wide variety of phonological processes that occur at morpheme or word boundaries. ...
The glottal stop or voiceless glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in many spoken languages. ...
Distinctive gemination is usually restricted to certain consonants. There are very few languages that have initial gemination, for example Pattani Malay, Chuukese or many of the High Alemannic German dialects, for example Thurgovian. Also, in spoken Finnish, geminates are produced between words by sandhi effects. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
High Alemannic is a branch of Alemannic dialects and belongs to the German language, even though they are only partly intelligible to German speakers. ...
This article deals with features of the spoken Finnish language, specifically how it is spoken in Greater Helsinki capital region and the cities in the Central Finnish dialectal area, such as Jyväskylä, Lahti, Hyvinkää, and Hämeenlinna. ...
Sandhi is a cover term for a wide variety of phonological processes that occur at morpheme or word boundaries. ...
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