A 'gemma is a small asexual reproductive structure in plants that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual. These structures are often scale-like, and are commonly found in liverworts and mosses, but also in some flowering plants such as pygmy sundews. Reproduction is the creation of one thing as a copy of, product of, or replacement for a similar thing, e. ... Divisions Green algae Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular embryophytes Hepatophyta - liverworts Anthocerophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Seedless vascular plants Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants... Orders Need to be entered Liverworts are non-vascular plants in the Class Marchantiopsida, formerly known as the Hepaticae. ... Subclasses Andreaeidae Sphagnidae Tetraphidae Polytrichidae Buxbaumiidae Bryidae Archidiidae Moss is a type of simple or non-vascular plant, of the class Musci, in the division Bryophyta, that have rhizoids instead of true roots. ... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta) are one of the major groups of modern plants, comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers, where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. ... Species See text Drosera cv. ...
Upper surface of Marchantia with gemma cups (left) and lower surface with male gametophore (antheridiophore).
Detail of a gemma cup shows many gemmae, which are fragments of tissue that can grow into a new plant.
This general view of the underside of Marchantia shows the scales along the midrib and the underside of an antheridiophore (its umbrella is not dissected like the archegoniophore and it has sperm-producing antheridia on its upper surface).