NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Gendarmery

A gendarmerie or gendarmery (pronounced /ʒɒnˈdɑːmɜːriː/) is a military body charged with police duties among civilian populations. The members of such a body are called gendarmes. This chart shows concisely the most common way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is applied to represent the English language. ...

History

In some countries, such as France, the men-at-arms (gens d'armes) became a paramilitary force with police duties. For the novel by Evelyn Waugh, see Sword of Honour. ... A paramilitary organization is a group of civilians trained and organized in a military fashion. ...

There, a military corps having such duties was first created in 1337 and was placed under the orders of the Constable of France, and therefore named connétablie. In 1626 after the aboliton of the title of connétable, it was put under the command of the Maréchal of France, and renamed Maréchaussée. Its main mission was protecting the roads from highwaymen. The Constable of France (French connÃ©table de France, from Latin comes stabulari for count of the stables), as the First Officer of the Crown, was one of the original five Great Officers of the Crown of France (along with seneschal, chamberlain, butler, and chancellor) and Commander in Chief of... Marshal (also sometimes spelled marshall in American English, but not in British English) is a word used in several official titles of various branches of society. ... Folk image of a mounted highwayman Highwayman was a term used particularly in Britain during the 17th and 18th centuries to describe robbers who targeted people traveling by stagecoach and other modes of transport along public highways. ...

The gens d'armes were originally heavy cavalry in the king's household, the equivalent of the "Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms". In 1720 the maréchaussée was subordinated to the gendarmerie; after the French Revolution the maréchaussée was abolished and the gendarmerie took over its duties in 1791. Her Majestys Bodyguard of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms is a bodyguard to the British Monarch. ... The French Revolution (1789â€“1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on...

French influence on other countries

The use of military organisations to police civilian populations is common to many time periods and cultures. Although it cannot be considered a French concept, the French gendarmerie has been the most influential model of such an organisation. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2216x1788, 709 KB) fr: Cavalerie de la Garde RÃ©publicaine (France), cÃ©lÃ©brations du 8 mai 2005 en: Republican Guard, cavalry (France), May 8, 2005 celebrations. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2216x1788, 709 KB) fr: Cavalerie de la Garde RÃ©publicaine (France), cÃ©lÃ©brations du 8 mai 2005 en: Republican Guard, cavalry (France), May 8, 2005 celebrations. ...

Many countries that were once under French influence have a gendarmerie. For instance, both Belgium and Austria had gendarmeries through Napoleonic influence, but both these gendarmeries, have merged with the civil police, in 2001 and 2005 respectively. Many former French colonies, especially in Africa, also have gendarmeries. Bonaparte as general Napoleon Bonaparte ( 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution and was the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from November 11, 1799 to May 18, 1804, then as Emperor of the French (Empereur des... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...

A common gendarmerie symbol is a flaming grenade, which was first used as a gendarmerie symbol by the French. Grenade may refer to: The well-known hand grenade commonly used by soldiers. ...

Title and status

These forces are normally titled "gendarmerie", but gendarmeries may bear other titles, for instance Carabiniers in Italy and Chile, or Civil Guard in Spain. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1004x712, 383 KB) Summary Carabinieri at a manifestation in Florence, Italy Own photo - photo made on 12 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Carabinieri Gendarmerie Italian police Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1004x712, 383 KB) Summary Carabinieri at a manifestation in Florence, Italy Own photo - photo made on 12 October 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Carabinieri Gendarmerie Italian police Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added... The Carabinieri is the shortened (and common) name for the Arma dei Carabinieri, an Italian military corps of the gendarmerie type with police functions, which also serves as the Italian military police. ... A Carabinier (also sometimes spelled Carabineer) was a cavalry soldier armed with a carbine (a short rifle). ... Civil Guard logo For the Spanish Civil Guard, see Guardia Civil. ...

Some forces which are no longer considered military retain the title "gendarmerie" for reasons of tradition. For instance, the French language title of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police is Gendarmerie royale du Canada (GRC) (i.e. Royal Gendarmerie of Canada) because it was traditionally a military force (although not part of the army) and because it retains the honorific status of a military force. The Argentine Gendarmerie is a military force (in terms of training, identity and public perception, and it was involved in combat in the Falklands War), but for legal purposes is a "security force", not an "armed force", because this is necessary under Argentine law in order to allow jurisdiction over the civilian population. RCMP redirects here. ... The Argentine National Gendarmerie (Spanish: GendarmerÃa Nacional Argentina, also abbreviated to GNA) is the gendarmerie of Argentina. ... Combatants Argentina United Kingdom Commanders Presidente Leopoldo Galtieri Vice Admiral Juan Lombardo Brigadier General Ernesto Crespo Brigade General Mario MenÃ©ndez Prime minister Margaret Thatcher Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse Rear-Admiral Sandy Woodward Major General Jeremy Moore Casualties 649 killed 1,068 wounded 11,313 taken prisoner 75 fixed wing...

Since every country uses institutional terms such as "gendarmerie" as it wishes, there are cases in which the term may become confusing. For instance, the Swiss cantonal "gendarmeries" are not military, and are in fact the ordinary police of French-speaking cantons. In Chile, confusingly, the word "gendarmerie" can for historic reasons be used to refer to the prison service, while as previously mentioned the actual gendarmerie force is called the "carabiniers". The twenty-six cantons of Switzerland are the states of the federal state of Switzerland. ...

As a result of their duties within the civilian population, gendarmeries are sometimes described as "para-military" rather than "military" forces (essentially in the English-speaking world where policing is rarely associated with military forces) although this description rarely corresponds to their official status and capabilities. Gendarmes are often deployed in military situations, sometimes in their own country, and often in humanitarian deployments abroad.

A gendarmerie may come under the authority of a ministry of defence (e.g. France) or a ministry of the interior (e.g. Argentina), or even both at once (e.g. Chile). Generally there is some coordination between a ministry of defence and a ministry of the interior over use of gendarmes.

Gendarmeries are police services, but in many countries (e.g. France) the word "police" normally implies civilian police. Gendarmeries are military police, however the term "military police" can be misleading, since in English it carries strong implications of policing within the military ("provost" policing), which is not the basic purpose of a gendarmerie (although in many countries it is a task which gendarmes carry out). In countries where the gendarmerie and civilian police co-exist there may exist rivalries and tensions between the forces. There may also be different reputations, with the gendarmeres having a better or worse reputation than civilian police. Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian language 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian 3 Government Semi-presidential republic - President Boris TadiÄ‡ - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment - Formation 9th century - First unified state c. ... Provosts are military police whose duties are policing within the Armed Forces, as opposed to Gendarmerie duties in the civilian population. ...

In some cases, a police service's military links are ambiguous and it can be unclear whether a force should be defined as a gendarmerie or not (e.g. Mexican Policia Federal Preventiva, Brazilian Polícia Militar, or the former South African Police until 1994). Services such as the Italian Guardia di Finanza would not normally be defined as a gendarmerie (but at times might be) since the service is both of ambiguous military status and does not have general policing duties in the civilian population. In Russia, the local police or militsia (considered a civilian force despite the military origin of the name) may have ranks, uniforms and organization which closely parallel the military's, and even have combat-capable subdivisions and weaponry of a distinctly non-civilian character. Indeed, some divisions of the militsia were deployed to Chechnya, effectively a war-zone, to work at maintaining order alongside the military. The Federal Preventative Police Logo The Federal Preventative Police Seal The Federal Preventive Police, also translated as Federal Preventative Police, known in Spanish as the Policia federal preventiva or PFP, is the uniformed federal police force of Mexico. ... A group of PolÃcia Militar troops from SÃ£o Paulo PolÃcia Militar, or PM, is the name of the state police forces in Brazil. ... The South African Police Service is the national police force of the Republic of South Africa. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... The Guardia di Finanza () is an Italian police force directly under the authority of the Minister of Economy and Finance. ...

In comparison to civilian police forces, gendarmeries may provide a more disciplined force whose military capabilities make them more capable of dealing with armed groups and with all types of violence. On the other hand, the necessity of a more stringent selection process for military service, especially in terms of physical prowess and health, restricts the pool of potential recruits in comparison to those a civilian police force could select from.

Historically the spelling in English is gendarmery, but the French spelling gendarmerie is now more common. The Oxford English Dictionary still uses gendarmery as the principal spelling [1] while the Merriam-Webster uses gendarmerie as the principal spelling.[2] The Oxford English Dictionary print set The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (OUP), and is generally regarded as the most comprehensive and scholarly dictionary of the English language. ... Merriam-Webster, originally known as the G. & C. Merriam Company of Springfield, Massachusetts, is a United States company that publishes reference books, especially dictionaries that are descendants of Noah Websters An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828). ...

Role in modern conflict

Gendarmes play an important role re-establishing law and order in conflict areas, a task which is suited to their purpose, training and capabilities. Gendarmeries are widely used in peacekeeping operations, for instance in the former Yugoslavia. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

In Haiti, during the rebellion of 2004, brutal armed gangs took over much of the country. The capital city, Port-au-Prince, was particularly chaotic, and law and order broke down. In view of the nature of the violence, the international intervention force responding to the crisis included substantial numbers of French gendarmes, apparently on the insistence of the other countries contributing to the force. shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Categories: Caribbean geography stubs | Capitals in North America | Haiti ...

The absence of any gendarmerie^{[citation needed]} in allied forces in Iraq at the time of the fall of Baghdad contributed to both widespread disorder and the creation of the violent situation which continues today^{[citation needed]}. The fall of Baghdad in April 2003 saw the outbreak of disorder, including looting, violence and the settling of old sectarian and tribal grudges. The initial absence of Iraqi police services contributed to the disorder, and US Army and Marine personnel in the city were not particularly trained for the task of policing and re-establishing law and order. The immediate disorder created a momentum of violence^{[citation needed]} that benefited the insurgency^{[citation needed]} and facilitated its operations^{[citation needed]}, and gave a great boost to the morale and recruitment of insurgent forces^{[citation needed]}, as well as allowing the creation of heavily-armed criminal organisations^{[citation needed]}. Subsequently, the coalition forces included Italian Carabinieri. Baghdad (Arabic: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... The United States Army is the largest branch of the armed forces of the United States. ... The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States military responsible for providing power projection from the sea,[1] utilizing the mobility of the U.S. Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces. ...

List of Gendarmeries

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1596x1043, 106 KB) Summary Gendarmerie-type police forces in Europe Description: Countries in Europe having a gendarmerie-type police force (red) Source: own work, 17. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1596x1043, 106 KB) Summary Gendarmerie-type police forces in Europe Description: Countries in Europe having a gendarmerie-type police force (red) Source: own work, 17. ...

List of modern gendarmeries

Image File history File linksMetadata CarabinieriCoA.jpgâ€Ž I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata CarabinieriCoA.jpgâ€Ž I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ... The Carabinieri is the shortened (and common) name for the Arma dei Carabinieri, an Italian military corps of the gendarmerie type with police functions, which also serves as the Italian military police. ... The Argentine National Gendarmerie (Spanish: GendarmerÃa Nacional Argentina, also abbreviated to GNA) is the gendarmerie of Argentina. ... A group of PolÃcia Militar troops from SÃ£o Paulo PolÃcia Militar, or PM, is the name of the state police forces in Brazil. ... BULGARIAN GENDARMERIE Symbol of Bulgarian Gendarmeire forse The Gendarmerie (Ð–Ð°Ð½Ð´Ð°Ñ€Ð¼ÐµÑ€Ð¸Ñ - Zhandaramerya) is a part of the bulgarian Ministry of internal affayrs or MIA. In bulgarian: ÐœÐ¸Ð½Ð¸ÑÑ‚ÐµÑ€ÑÑ‚Ð²Ð¾ Ð½Ð° Ð²ÑŠÑ‚Ñ€ÐµÑˆÐ½Ð¸Ñ‚Ðµ Ñ€Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ‚Ð¸ or ÐœÐ’Ð it is being pronounced In Bulgaria ÐœÐ’Ð is allways been the other word for Police, comparable with the American â€œFBIâ€. Bulgarian â€œMBP is divided in to... RCMP redirects here. ... Colombian National Police The Colombian National Police (spanish: Policia Nacional de Colombia) is the national police of the Republic of Colombia. ... The European Gendarmerie Force or EGF was launched by an agreement between five members of the European Union (France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands) and its purpose was the creation of a European intervention force which would have military police (gendarmerie) functions, and be specialized in crisis management. ... French Gendarmes, in the traditional kepi, guarding the Paris Hall of Justice See gendarmerie for similar forces in other countries. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Components Indian Army Indian Air Force Indian Navy Indian Coast Guard Indian Paramilitary Forces Strategic Nuclear Command History Military history of India British Indian Army Indian National Army Ranks Air Force ranks and insignia of India Army ranks and insignia of India Naval ranks and insignia of India Related Info... June 2006 photo of an Iraqi policeman guarding the governors house in Samawah. ... The Israel Border Police (Hebrew: ×ž×©×ž×¨ ×”×’×‘×•×œ, Mishmar HaGvul) is the combat branch of the Israeli Police. ... The Carabinieri is the shortened (and common) name for the Arma dei Carabinieri, an Italian military corps of the gendarmerie type with police functions, which also serves as the Italian military police. ... Côte dIvoire (often called Ivory Coast in English; see below about the name) is a country in West Africa. ... The was founded in 1957 by His Majesty late Mohammed V. The structure of its functions has been determined by the two major different but complementary traditions. ... The Koninklijke Marechaussee (KMar) (Royal Constabulary in English) is one of the four military bodies of the Netherlands. ... The Republican National Guard (GNR - Guarda Nacional Republicana) is a Portuguese military organization, whose soldiers, unlike the officers of the Public Safety Police (PSP), are subject to military law and organization. ... Jandarmeria RomÃ¢nÄƒ is the military branch of the Romanian police force. ... Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian language 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian 3 Government Semi-presidential republic - President Boris TadiÄ‡ - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment - Formation 9th century - First unified state c. ... Å½andarmerija is a military body in Serbia charged with special police duties. ... Patrol boat, Nervion river, Bilbao. ... Seal of the Turkish Gendarmerie The Gendarmerie of The Republic of Turkey is a branch of Turkish Armed Forces, which is responsible for the maintenance of Safety and public order as well as carrying out other duties assigned by laws and regulation, is an armed security and law enforcement force...

List of former gendarmeries

The Belgian Gendarmerie (Dutch: ) was the national police force of Belgium until January 1, 2001. ... The Cretan Gendarmerie (Greek ÎšÏÎ·Ï„Î¹ÎºÎ® Î§Ï‰ÏÎ¿Ï†Ï…Î»Î±ÎºÎ®) was a gendarmerie force created soon after Crete gained its autonomy from Ottoman rule in the late 19th century. ... Bundesgrenzschutz or BGS for short, is the Federal Border Service or Guard of Germany. ... National police are the primary source of law enforcement activities in some countries, such as Italy, France and Japan, and are organised on a national basis. ... Italian Somaliland was an Italian colony that lasted, apart from a brief interlude of British rule, from the late 19th century until 1960 in the territory of the modern-day East African nation of Somalia. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The Kempeitai (æ†²å…µéšŠ, Corps of Law Soldiers) was the military police arm of the Imperial Japanese Army from 1881 to 1945. ... A detachment of Mexican Rurales in field uniform during the Diaz era Rurales (Spanish for Rurals) was the name commonly used to designate the Mexican Guardia Rural (Rural Guard), a force of mounted police or gendarmerie. ... Flag Britain unilaterally closed the territory east of the Jordan River (Transjordan) to Jewish settlement and organized Transjordan as an autonomous state in 1923. ... Anthem God Save the Tsar! The Russian Empire in 1914 Capital Moscow Language(s) Russian Religion Russian Orthodoxy Government Monarchy Emperor - 1721â€“1725 Peter the Great - 1894â€“1917 Nicholas II History - Accession of Peter I May 7, 1682 NS, April 27, 1682 OSÂ² - Empire proclaimed October 22, 1721 NS, October... The Special Corps of Gendarmes (Отдельный корпус жандармов) was the secret military police of the Russian Empire in the 1800s and early 1900s. ... The United States Army is the largest branch of the armed forces of the United States. ... The United States Constabulary was the United States Armys paramilitary gendarmerie type occupation and security force in the U.S. Occupation Zone of West Germany immediately after World War II, from 1946 to 1952. ...

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