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Gene silencing is a general term describing epigenetic processes of gene regulation. The term gene silencing is generally used to describe the "switching off" of a gene by a mechanism other than genetic mutation. That is, a gene which would be expressed (turned on) under normal circumstances, is switched off by machinery in the cell. Epigenetic inheritance is the transmission of information from a cell or multicellular organism to its descendants without that information being encoded in the nucleotide sequence of the gene. ...
Gene regulation is the general term for cellular control of protein synthesis at the DNA-RNA transcription step. ...
This article has been identified as possibly containing errors. ...
Genes are regulated at either the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. This stylistic schematic diagram shows a gene in relation to the double helix structure of DNA and to a chromosome (right). ...
Transcription may be one of the following: In linguistics, transcription is the conversion of spoken words into written language. ...
Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language — the source text — and the production of a new, equivalent text in another language — called the target text, or the translation. ...
Transcriptional gene silencing is the result of histone modifications, creating an enviroment of heterochromatin around a gene that makes it inaccessible to transcriptional machinery (RNA polymerase, transcription factors, etc.). In biology, histones are the chief proteins of chromatin. ...
Heterochromatin is a type of chromatin (the chromosomal material) that is darkly staining and tightly packaged or coiled throughout the cell cycle and that is, for the most part, genetically inactive. ...
The enzyme RNA polymerase or RNAP is a nucleotidyltransferase that polymerises ribonucleotides in accordance with the information present in DNA. RNA polymerase enzymes are essential and are found in all nucleated cells of all organisms. ...
In the context of genetics, a transcription factor is a regulatory protein that initiates the transcription of certain genes upon binding with DNA. The binding of a transcription factor to a specific DNA sequence can result in either an increased rate of transcription of the gene, known as activated transcription...
Post-transcriptional gene silencing is the result of mRNA of a particular gene being destroyed. The destruction of the mRNA prevents translation to form an active gene product (in most cases, a protein). A common mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing is RNAi. The interaction of mRNA in a eukaryote cell. ...
Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language — the source text — and the production of a new, equivalent text in another language — called the target text, or the translation. ...
A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ...
In molecular biology, RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism in which the presence of small fragments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) whose sequence matches a given gene interferes with the expression of that gene. ...
Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing are used to regulate endogenous genes. Mechanisms of gene silencing also protect the organism's genome from transposons, viruses. Gene silencing thus may be part of an ancient immune system protecting from such infectious DNA elements. Transposons are sequences of DNA that can move around to different positions within the genome of a single cell, a process called Transposition. ...
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) A virus is a microscopic parasite that infects cells in biological organisms. ...
Space-filling model of a section of DNA molecule Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life (and most viruses). ...
Specific studies of gene silencing
There are several more terms related to specific topics of gene silencing:
Transcriptional Gene Silencing:
Post-transcriptional Gene Silencing: Genomic imprinting is the phenomenon whereby a small subset of all the genes in our genome are expressed according to their parent of origin. ...
Paramutation, in genetics, is an interaction between two alleles of a single locus, resulting in a heritable change of one allele. ...
Position effect is the effect on the expression of a gene when its location in a chromosome is changed, often by translocation. ...
Cellular components of gene silencing: Post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is a mechanism for sequence-specific RNA degradation in plants. ...
In molecular biology, RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism in which the presence of small fragments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) whose sequence matches a given gene interferes with the expression of that gene. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
See also: In biology, histones are the chief proteins of chromatin. ...
Chromatin says screw you people. ...
Heterochromatin is a type of chromatin (the chromosomal material) that is darkly staining and tightly packaged or coiled throughout the cell cycle and that is, for the most part, genetically inactive. ...
The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) are a class of 20-25 nucleotide-long RNA molecules that interfere with the expression of genes. ...
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid consisting of a string of covalently-bound nucleotides. ...
Dicer is an RNAse III nuclease which splices dsRNA into siRNAs. ...
Transposons are sequences of DNA that can move around to different positions within the genome of a single cell, a process called Transposition. ...
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