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Here, a genealogy of programming languages is shown. Languages are categorized under the ancestor language with the strongest influence. Of course, any such categorization has a large arbitrary element, since programming languages often incorporate major ideas from multiple sources. A programming language is an artificial language that can be used to control the behavior of a machine, particularly a computer. ...
Other lists of programming languages are:
- Alphabetical
- Categorical
- Chronological
- Generational
The list of programming languages consists of all notable programming languages in existence, currently or since the dawn of computing, in alphabetical order. ...
This is a list of programming languages grouped by category. ...
This is a timeline, i. ...
Algol (β Per / Beta Persei) is a bright star in the constellation Perseus. ...
Atlas Autocode (AA) was a programming language developed at Manchester University for the Atlas Computer. ...
ALGOL (short for ALGOrithmic Language) is a programming language originally developed in the mid 1950s which became the de facto standard way to report algorithms in print for almost the next 30 years. ...
ALGOL 68 (short for ALGOrithmic Language 1968) is an imperative computer programming language that was conceived as a successor to the ALGOL 60 programming language, designed with the goal of a much wider scope of application and a more rigorously defined syntax and semantics. ...
Algol-W is a programming language. ...
Pascal is an imperative computer programming language, developed in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a language particularly suitable for structured programming. ...
Ada is a structured, statically typed imperative computer programming language designed by a team led by Jean Ichbiah of CII Honeywell Bull during 1977–1983. ...
SPARK is a secure, formally-defined language designed to support the development of software used in applications where correct operation is vital either for reasons of safety or business integrity. ...
Delphi is the primary programming language of Borland Delphi. ...
The FreePascal IDE for Linux. ...
Linux (IPA pronunciation: ) is a Unix-like computer operating system family. ...
Euclid is a programming language for writing verifiable programs. ...
Concurrent Euclid (ConEuc) is a concurrent descendant of the Euclid programming language designed by James Cordy and Ric Holt, then at the University of Toronto, in 1980. ...
The logo for the turing programming language Turing is a Pascal-like programming language developed in 1982 by Ric Holt and James Cordy, then of University of Toronto, Canada. ...
The logo for the turing programming language Turing is a Pascal-like programming language developed in 1982 by Ric Holt and James Cordy, then of University of Toronto, Canada. ...
The logo for the turing programming language Turing is a Pascal-like programming language developed in 1982 by Ric Holt and James Cordy, then of University of Toronto, Canada. ...
Modula-2 is a computer programming language invented by Niklaus Wirth at ETH around 1978, as a successor to Modula, an intermediate language by him. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Oberon is a programming language created in the late 1980s by Professor Niklaus Wirth (creator of the Pascal, Modula and Modula-2 programming languages) and his associates at ETHZ in Switzerland. ...
Oberon is a programming language created in the late 1980s by Professor Niklaus Wirth (creator of the Pascal, Modula and Modula-2 programming languages) and his associates at ETHZ in Switzerland. ...
Component Pascal is a programming language in the tradition of Oberon and Oberon-2, the last language Niklaus Wirth designed before he retired in 1999. ...
Objective Modula-2 (or ObjM2) is an extension to Modula-2 which follows the Objective-C object model and retains the bracketed Smalltalk message passing syntax introduced in Objective-C. Like Objective-C, Objective Modula-2 is a reflective, object oriented programming language with both static and dynamic typing. ...
The Combined Programming Language (CPL) was a computer programming language developed jointly between the Mathematical Laboratory at the University of Cambridge and the University of London Computer Unit during the 1960s. ...
BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language) is a computer programming language that was designed by Martin Richards of the University of Cambridge in 1966; it was originally intended for use in writing compilers for other languages. ...
B was the name of a programming language developed at Bell Labs. ...
C is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system. ...
The Alef programming language was designed by Phil Winterbottom of Bell Labs as part of the Plan 9 operating system. ...
Limbo is a programming language for writing distributed systems and is the language used to write applications for the Inferno operating system. ...
C++ (pronounced see plus plus, IPA: ) is a general-purpose, high-level programming language with low-level facilities. ...
Java is an object-oriented applications programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s. ...
The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
Groovy is an object-oriented programming language for the Java Platform as an alternative to the Java programming language. ...
Join Java is a programming language that extends the standard Java programming language with the Join Semantics of the Join Calculus. ...
The J# (pronounced J-sharp) programming language is a transitional language for programmers of Suns Java and Microsofts J++ languages, so they may use their existing knowledge, and applications on Microsofts . ...
X10 is a programming language being developed by IBM at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center as part of DARPAs High Productivity Computing Initiative (HPCS) program. ...
C-- is a name used for at least two different, unrelated programming languages, which goal is to bring the C programming language closer to computer hardware, thus creating more compact machine code while keeping C syntax, usage standards, and readability, to make use of the many programmers already familiar with...
D is an object-oriented, imperative, multiparadigm system programming language designed by Walter Bright of Digital Mars as a re-engineering of C++. This was done by re-designing many C++ features, and borrowing ideas from other programming languages. ...
Windows PowerShell, previously Microsoft Shell or MSH (codenamed Monad) is an extensible command line interface (CLI) shell and scripting language product developed by Microsoft. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
The LPC programming language is an object-oriented programming language derived from C and developed by Lars Pensjö to facilitate MUD building on LPMuds. ...
Pike is a general-purpose, high-level, dynamic programming language, with a syntax similar to that of C. Unlike many other dynamic languages, pike is statically typed, and requires explicit type definitions. ...
Objective-C, often referred to as ObjC or more seldomly as Objective C or Obj-C, is an object oriented programming language implemented as an extension to C. It is used primarily on Mac OS X and GNUstep, two environments based on the OpenStep standard, and is the primary language...
Objective Modula-2 (or ObjM2) is an extension to Modula-2 which follows the Objective-C object model and retains the bracketed Smalltalk message passing syntax introduced in Objective-C. Like Objective-C, Objective Modula-2 is a reflective, object oriented programming language with both static and dynamic typing. ...
Perl is a dynamic programming language created by Larry Wall and first released in 1987. ...
S2 (Style System 2) is an object-oriented programming language developed in the late 1990s by Brad Fitzpatrick, Martin Atkins, and others for the picture-hosting website code FotoBilder as well as the online journalling service LiveJournal in order to allow users full control over the appearance of their pages. ...
PHP (PHP:Hypertext Preprocessor) is a reflective programming language originally designed for producing dynamic web pages. ...
PDL (short for Perl Data Language) is a set of Array programming extensions to the Perl programming language. ...
QuakeC is a scripting language developed in 1996 by John Carmack of id Software to program parts of the computer game Quake. ...
APL (for A Programming Language) is an array programming language based on a notation invented in 1957 by Kenneth E. Iverson while at Harvard University. ...
A+ is a powerful and efficient array programming language written at Morgan Stanley. ...
Glee is an experimental array programming language that attempts to deliver stronger string/text manipulation capabilities than those currently offered in languages such as APL, J, and K, while mantaining their capabilities at manipulating numeric data. ...
The J programming language, developed in the early 90s by Ken Iverson and Roger Hui, is a synthesis of APL (also by Iverson) and the FP and FL functional programming languages created by John Backus (of FORTRAN, ALGOL, and BNF fame). ...
K is a proprietary array processing language developed by Arthur Whitney and commercialized by Kx Systems. ...
NESL is a parallel programming language developed at Carnegie Mellon by the SCandAL project. ...
PDL (short for Perl Data Language) is a set of Array programming extensions to the Perl programming language. ...
An assembly language is a low-level language used in the writing of computer programs. ...
BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of high-level programming languages. ...
BASIC09 is a structured BASIC programming language dialect developed by Microware for the then-new Motorola 6809 CPU. Somewhat in the fashion of UCSD Pascal it was implemented via compilation into an intermediate representation. ...
COMAL (COMmon Algorithmic Language) is a computer programming language developed in Denmark by Benedict Løfstedt and Børge Christensen in 1973. ...
Microsoft QuickBASIC 4. ...
QBasic is an IDE and interpreter for a variant of the BASIC programming language which is based on QuickBasic. ...
Liberty BASIC (LB) is a commercial programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) that works on 16 and 32 bit Windows and also on OS/2. ...
JustBASIC Screenshot Just BASIC is a dialect of the highly popular BASIC programming language of the 1970s for 32-bit Windows computer systems. ...
Run BASIC is a free web-based implementation of the BASIC programming language. ...
True BASIC is a fully structured variant of the BASIC programming language descended from Dartmouth BASIC – the original BASIC – invented by college professors John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz. ...
Blitz BASIC is a programming language (BASIC dialect) for the Amiga computer, originally made by Acid Software from New Zealand. ...
Visual Basic (VB) is an event driven programming language and associated development environment from Microsoft for its COM programming model. ...
VBScript (short for Visual Basic Scripting Edition) is an Active Scripting language interpreted via Microsofts Windows Script Host. ...
// Description Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) is an implementation of Microsofts Visual Basic, an event driven programming language and associated development environment which is built into most Microsoft Office applications (including Apple Mac OS versions), some other Microsoft applications such as Microsoft MapPoint and Microsoft Visio - a former independent...
Visual Basic . ...
REALbasic (RB) is an object-oriented dialect of the BASIC programming language developed and commercially marketed by REAL Software, Inc in Austin, Texas for Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, and Linux. ...
Euphoria is an interpreted programming language conceived and created by Robert Craig of Rapid Deployment Software. ...
COBOL is a third-generation programming language, and one of the oldest programming languages still in active use. ...
DIBOL or Digital Interactive Business Oriented Language is a is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative programming language, which is well-suited for Management Information Systems (MIS) software development. ...
Wikibooks has more about this subject: Guide to Windows commands In MS-DOS, OS/2 and Windows, a batch file is a text file containing a series of commands intended to be executed by the command interpreter. ...
Winbatch is a Microsoft Windows scripting language developed by Wilson WindowWare. ...
COMIT was the first string processing language (compare SNOBOL, TRAC, and Perl), developed on the IBM 700/7000 series computers by Dr. Victor Yngve and collaborators at MIT from 1957-1965. ...
SNOBOL (StriNg Oriented symBOlic Language) is a computer programming language developed between 1962 and 1967 at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David J. Farber, Ralph E. Griswold and Ivan P. Polonsky. ...
Icon is a very high-level programming language featuring goal directed execution and excellent facilities for managing strings and textual patterns. ...
Unicon is a programming language descended from Icon that offers better access to the operating system as well as support for object oriented programming. ...
The Lua (pronounced LOO-ah, or in IPA) programming language is a lightweight, reflective, imperative and procedural language, designed as a scripting language with extensible semantics as a primary goal. ...
CORAL (Computing Online Realtime Algorithmic Language) was developed in 1966 at the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE), Malvern, UK by I. F. Currie and M. Griffiths. ...
FP (short for Function Programming) is a programming language created by John Backus to support the Function-level programming paradigm. ...
FL (short for Function Level) is a programming language created at the IBM Almaden Research Center by John Backus, John Williams, and Edward Wimmers in 1989. ...
The J programming language, developed in the early 1990s by Ken Iverson and Roger Hui, is a synthesis of APL (also by Iverson) and the FP and FL functional programming languages created by John Backus (of FORTRAN, ALGOL, and BNF fame). ...
Forth is a programming language and programming environment, initially developed by Charles H. Moore at the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory in the early 1970s. ...
Interpress is a page description language developed at Xerox PARC, based on the Forth programming language. ...
PostScript (PS) is a page description language and programming language used primarily in the electronic and desktop publishing areas. ...
Factor is a concatenative programming language designed and implemented by Slava Pestov. ...
The Cat programming language is a functional stack-oriented programming language inspired by the Joy programming language. ...
The RPL programming language (RPL meaning Reverse Polish LISP or, alternatively, ROM-based procedural language) is a handheld calculator system and application programming language used on Hewlett-Packards engineering graphing RPN calculators of the HP-28, HP-48 and HP-49 series. ...
Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ...
Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ...
Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ...
Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ...
Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ...
Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ...
Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ...
F is a compiled, structured, array programming language especially well suited to education and scientific computing. ...
Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ...
Ratfor (short for RATional FORtran) is a programming language implemented as a preprocessor for Fortran. ...
WATFIV, or WATerloo FORTRAN IV, is an implementation of Fortran IV developed at the University of Waterloo, Canada. ...
FORMAC, for FORmula MAnipulation Compiler, is an extension of FORTRAN. It was developed by Jean E. Sammet. ...
HyperTalk is a high-level programming language created in 1987 by Dan Winkler and used in conjunction with Apple Computers HyperCard hypermedia program by Bill Atkinson. ...
AppleScript is a scripting language devised by Apple, Inc. ...
Revolution is a commercially marketed Cross-platform rapid application development environment by Runtime Revolution Ltd. ...
Joss is a name shared by different things: JOSS, a time-sharing operating system Joss, a Chinese god or his idol. ...
CAL (Conversational Algebraic Language) was a programming language and system designed and developed by Butler Lampson at Berkeley in 1967. ...
TELCOMP was a programming language developed at Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) in about 1965 and in use until at least 1972. ...
An interpreted programming language resembling JOSS. Stands for Formula Calculator. ...
The original scripting language for Caché, Caché ObjectScript is an object-oriented language. ...
LabVIEW (short for Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench) is a platform and development environment for a visual programming language from National Instruments. ...
Lisp is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive fully-parenthesized syntax. ...
AutoLISP is a programming language, a dialect of Lisp included with the CAD program AutoCAD to allow the user to add functionality to the software. ...
Common Lisp, commonly abbreviated CL, is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, standardised by ANSI X3. ...
Emacs Lisp is a dialect of the Lisp programming language used by the GNU Emacs and XEmacs text editors (which we will collectively refer to as Emacs in this article. ...
K is a high level array programming language developed by Arthur Whitney, an influential APL programmer. ...
Logo turtle graphic The Logo programming language is a functional programming language. ...
The RPL programming language (RPL meaning Reverse Polish LISP or, alternatively, ROM-based procedural language) is a handheld calculator system and application programming language used on Hewlett-Packards engineering graphing RPN calculators of the HP-28, HP-48 and HP-49 series. ...
S is a statistical programming language developed by John Chambers of Bell Laboratories. ...
The R programming language, sometimes described as GNU S, is a programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics. ...
The Scheme programming language is a functional programming language and a dialect of Lisp. ...
Guile is the GNU Projects implementation of the Scheme programming language. ...
Pico is a programming language developed at the PROG lab at the Dutch-speaking Free University of Brussels (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB). ...
ML is a general-purpose functional programming language developed by Robin Milner and others in the late 1970s at the University of Edinburgh, whose syntax is inspired by ISWIM. Historically, ML stands for metalanguage as it was conceived to develop proof tactics in the LCF theorem prover (the language of...
Standard ML (SML) is a general-purpose, modular, functional programming language with compile-time type checking and type inference. ...
Alice is a functional programming language designed by the Programming Systems Lab at Saarland University. ...
Objective Caml (OCaml) is the main implementation of the Caml programming language, created by Xavier Leroy, Jérôme Vouillon, Damien Doligez, Didier Rémy and others in 1996. ...
Occam is a parallel programming language that builds on Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) and shares many of their features. ...
PL/I (Programming Language One, pronounced pee el one) is a computer programming language designed for scientific, engineering, and business applications. ...
The PL/M programming language (an acronym of Programming Language for Microcomputers) is a medium-level language developed by MAA (later Digital Research) in 1972 on behalf of Intel for its microprocessors. ...
PL/C is a large subset of IBMs PL/I language, designed in the early 1970s at Cornell University. ...
REXX (REstructured eXtended eXecutor) is an interpreted programming language which was developed at IBM. It is a structured high-level programming language which was designed to be both easy to learn and easy to read. ...
SP/k is a programming language developed in 1977 by R.C. Holt, D.B. Wortman, D.T. Barnard and J.R. Cordy as a subset of PL/I for teaching purposes. ...
Prolog is a logic programming language. ...
Mercury is a functional logic programming language based on Prolog, but more geared towards practical applications. ...
Tcl (originally from Tool Command Language, but nonetheless conventionally rendered as Tcl rather than TCL; and pronounced like tickle) is a scripting language created by John Ousterhout that is generally thought to be easy to learn, but powerful in the right hands. ...
BuildProfessional is a 4GL programming language developed by Today Systems. ...
The Bourne shell, or sh, was the default Unix shell of Unix Version 7, and replaced the Thompson shell, whose executable file had the same name, sh. ...
This article is about the Unix shell. ...
Korn shell logo. ...
Windows PowerShell, previously Microsoft Shell or MSH (codenamed Monad) is an extensible command line interface (CLI) shell and scripting language product developed by Microsoft. ...
Miranda is a non-strict purely functional programming language developed by Professor David Turner as a successor to his earlier programming languages SASL and KRC, using some concepts from ML and Hope. ...
Haskell is a standardized pure functional programming language with non-strict semantics, named after the logician Haskell Curry. ...
Ed, ed or ED can mean any of the following: // ed (text editor), a UNIX text editor ed (biblical reference), an altar or related place in some English translations of the Bible. ...
The correct title of this article is . ...
AWK is a general purpose computer language that is designed for processing text based data, either in files or data streams. ...
Perl is a dynamic programming language created by Larry Wall and first released in 1987. ...
SETL is a very-high level programming language based on the mathematical theory of sets. ...
ABC is an imperative general-purpose programming language and programming environment from CWI, Netherlands. ...
Python is a high-level programming language first released by Guido van Rossum in 1991. ...
TECO (pronounced /teekoh/; originally an acronym for [paper] Tape Editor and COrrector, but later Text Editor and COrrector) is a text editor originally developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the 1960s and was modified by just about everybody. With all the dialects included, TECO may have...
Eiffel is an ISO-standardized object-oriented programming language designed for extensibility, reusability, reliability and programmer productivity. ...
Sather is an object-oriented programming language. ...
Ubercode is a high level programming language designed by Ubercode Software and released in 2005 for Microsoft Windows. ...
Simula is a name for two programming languages, Simula I and Simula 67, developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo, by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard. ...
C++ (pronounced see plus plus, IPA: ) is a general-purpose, high-level programming language with low-level facilities. ...
For other uses, see Small Talk (disambiguation). ...
Objective-C, often referred to as ObjC or more seldomly as Objective C or Obj-C, is an object oriented programming language implemented as an extension to C. It is used primarily on Mac OS X and GNUstep, two environments based on the OpenStep standard, and is the primary language...
Objective Modula-2 (or ObjM2) is an extension to Modula-2 which follows the Objective-C object model and retains the bracketed Smalltalk message passing syntax introduced in Objective-C. Like Objective-C, Objective Modula-2 is a reflective, object oriented programming language with both static and dynamic typing. ...
Ruby is a reflective, object-oriented programming language. ...
Windows PowerShell, previously Microsoft Shell or MSH (codenamed Monad) is an extensible command line interface (CLI) shell and scripting language product developed by Microsoft. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
JavaScript is the name of Netscape Communications Corporations and now the Mozilla Foundations implementation of the ECMAScript standard, a scripting language based on the concept of prototype-based programming. ...
ActionScript is a scripting language based on ECMAScript, primarily used to develop software for the Adobe Flash . ...
JavaScript OSA, (originally JavaScript for OSA, abbreviated as JSOSA), is a freeware inter-process communication scripting language for the Macintosh computer. ...
ECMAScript is a scripting programming language, standardized by Ecma International in the ECMA-262 specification. ...
JScript is Microsofts Active Scripting implementation of ECMAScript. ...
NewtonScript is a prototype based programming language created to write programs for the Apple Newton. ...
Wikibooks Programming has more about this subject: Io Io is a pure object-oriented programming language inspired by Smalltalk, Self, Lua, Lisp and NewtonScript. ...
Slate is a prototype based object-oriented programming language with multiple dispatch. ...
BETA is a pure object-oriented language from the Scandinavian School in System Development where the first object-oriented language Simula was developed. ...
Bigwig is a programming language designed to run on web servers. ...
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