Generic Access Network (GAN), also known as Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA), is a telecommunication system allowing seamless roaming and handover between local area networks and wide area networks using a dual-mode mobile phone. It lets mobile operators deliver voice, data and IP Multimedia Subsystem/Session Initiation Protocol (IMS/SIP) type applications to mobile phones. Its ultimate goal is the convergence of mobile, fixed and Internet telephony (Fixed Mobile Convergence). A list of Mobile phones standards or generations is given in the table below. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ... Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is one of the third-generation (3G) mobile phone technologies. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ... General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a Mobile Data Service available to users of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and IS-136 mobile phones. ... Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) or Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), is a digital mobile phone technology that allows increased data transmission rates and improved data transmission reliability. ... Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) or Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), is a digital mobile phone technology that allows increased data transmission rates and improved data transmission reliability. ... High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD), is a development of Circuit Switched Data, the original data transmission mechanism of the GSM mobile phone system. ... 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology, after 2G. It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the International Mobile Telecommunications programme, IMT-2000. 3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving... W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G cellular network. ... Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is one of the third-generation (3G) cell phone technologies. ... FOMA, officially short for Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access, is the brand name for the 3G services being offered by Japanese mobile phone operator NTT DoCoMo. ... UMTS-TDD is a mobile data network standard built upon the UMTS 3G cellular mobile phone standard, using a TD-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, or other 3GPP-approved, air interface that uses Time Division Duplexing to duplex spectrum between the up-link and down-link. ... UMTS-TDD is a mobile data network standard built upon the UMTS 3G cellular mobile phone standard, using a TD-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, or other 3GPP-approved, air interface that uses Time Division Duplexing to duplex spectrum between the up-link and down-link. ... TD-SCDMA (Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) is a 3G mobile telecommunications standard, being pursued in the Peoples Republic of China by the Chinese Academy of Telecommunications Technology (CATT), Datang and Siemens AG, in an attempt to develop home-grown technology and not be dependent on Western... High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is a collection of mobile telephony protocols that extend and improve the performance of existing UMTS protocols. ... High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA, also known as High-Speed Downlink Protocol Access) is a 3G (third generation) mobile telephony communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family, which allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. ... High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) is a 3G mobile telephony protocol in the HSPA family with up-link speeds up to 5. ... Evolved HSPA (also known as HSPA Evolution) is a 3G mobile data protocol defined in 3GPP release 7 (expected in 2007). ... Official WiMax logo WiMAX, the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a telecommunications technology aimed at providing wireless data over long distances in a variety of ways, from point-to-point links to full mobile cellular type access. ... WiBro (Wireless Broadband, Korean: 와이브로) is a wireless broadband Internet technology being developed by the Korean telecoms industry. ... This article is about the mobile phone standard. ... 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the name given to a project within the Third Generation Partnership Project to improve the UMTS mobile phone standard to cope with future requirements. ... 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the name given to a project within the Third Generation Partnership Project to improve the UMTS mobile phone standard to cope with future requirements. ... High Speed OFDM Packet Access (HSOPA) is a proposed part of 3GPPs Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for UMTS systems. ... The 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) is a collaboration agreement that was established in December 1998. ... Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), is the first CDMA-based digital cellular standard pioneered by Qualcomm. ... CDMA2000 is a hybrid 2. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), is the first CDMA-based digital cellular standard pioneered by Qualcomm. ... 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology, after 2G. It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the International Mobile Telecommunications programme, IMT-2000. 3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving... CDMA2000 is a hybrid 2. ... Evolution-Data Optimized or Evolution-Data only, abbreviated as EV-DO or EVDO and often EV, is one telecommunications standard for the wireless transmission of data through radio signals, typically for broadband Internet access. ... This article is about the mobile phone standard. ... Ultra Mobile Broadband is the brand name to describe the advanced technologies and services that will be supported by the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Revision C (Rev. ... Mobile radio telephone systems preceded modern cellular mobile telephony technology. ... “Push to Talk” redirects here. ... The Mobile Telephone System (MTS) was one of the earliest mobile telephone standards. ... The Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS) is a pre-cellular VHF/UHF radio system that links to the PSTN. IMTS was the radiotelephone equivalent of land dial phone service. ... The Advanced Mobile Telephone System was a 0G method of radio communication, mainly used in Japanese portable radio systems. ... OLT (Norwegian for Offentlig Landmobil Telefoni, Public Land Mobile Telephony), was the first land mobile telephone network in Norway. ... MTD (Swedish abbreviation for Mobilelefonisystem D, or Mobile telephony system D) was a manual mobile phone system for the 450 MHz frequency band. ... Autotel (also called PALM, or Public Automated Land Mobile) is a radiotelephone service which was the missing link between earlier MTS/IMTS and later cellular telephone services. ... ARP (Autoradiopuhelin, Car Radio Phone in English) was the first commercially operated public mobile phone network in Finland. ... 1G (or 1-G) is short for first-generation wireless telephone technology, cellphones. ... For other meanings of the abbreviation, see: NMT. NMT (Nordisk MobilTelefoni or Nordiska MobilTelefoni-gruppen, Nordic Mobile Telephone in English) is a mobile phone system that was specified by the Nordic telecommunications administrations (PTTs) starting in 1970, and opened for service in 1981 as a response to the increasing congestion... Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) is the analog mobile phone system standard developed by Bell Labs, and officially introduced in the Americas in 1983[1][2] It was the primary analog mobile phone system in North America (and other locales) through the 1980s and into the 2000s, and is still... hicap is a mobile techonology which has a consumer interface with a wide variety of industry references. ... Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) uses unused bandwidth normally used by AMPS mobile phones between 800 and 900 MHz to transfer data. ... Cingular Interactive Truck at Ground Zero on 9/11/2001 Mobitex Network Design Mobitex is an OSI based open standard, national public access wireless data network first introduced in 1991 by carriers RAM Mobile Data and in Canada 1990 by Rogers Cantel. ... DataTac is a wireless data network technology originally developed by Motorola and deployed in the United States as the ARDIS network. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Iden is also a village in East Sussex, England Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN) is a mobile telecommunications technology, developed by Motorola, which provides its users the benefits of a trunked radio and a cellular telephone. ... IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation (2G) mobile phone systems, known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS). ... Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) is a 2G mobile phone standard developed and used exclusively in Japan. ... Circuit Switched Data, often known as CSD, is the original form of data transmission developed for the GSM mobile phone system. ... The Personal Handy-phone System (PHS), also marketed as the Personal Access System (PAS) and known as Xiaolingtong (小灵通) in China, is a mobile network system operating in the 1880-1930 MHz frequency band, used mainly in Japan, China, Taiwan and some other Asian countries. ... Wideband Integrated Dispatch Enhanced Network, or WiDEN, is a software upgrade developed by Motorola for its iDEN enhanced specialized mobile radio (or ESMR) wireless telephony protocol. ... This article is about the mobile phone standard. ... iBurst (or HC-SDMA, High Capacity Spatial Division Multiple Access) is a wireless broadband technology developed by ArrayComm. ... HIPERMAN stands for High Performance Radio Metropolitan Area Network and is a standard created by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN) group to provide a wireless network communication in the 2 - 11 GHz bands across Europe and other countries which follow the ETSI standard. ... Official WiMax logo WiMAX, the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a telecommunications technology aimed at providing wireless data over long distances in a variety of ways, from point-to-point links to full mobile cellular type access. ... WiBro (Wireless Broadband, Korean: 와이브로) is a wireless broadband Internet technology being developed by the Korean telecoms industry. ... Cellular frequencies - the general term which unites radio frequencies utilized by cellular networks to provide service to their subscribers. ... The Specialized Mobile Radio system (SMR) is a conventional two-way radio system, or trunked radio system, operated by a service in the 800 or 900 Mhz bands. ... Cellular frequencies - the general term which unites radio frequencies utilized by cellular networks to provide service to their subscribers. ... Personal Communications Service or PCS is the name for the 1900-MHz radio band used for digital mobile phone services in Canada and the United States. ... Copy of the original phone of Alexander Graham Bell at the Musée des Arts et Métiers in Paris Telecommunication is the assisted transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. ... Roaming is a general term in wireless telecommunications that refers to the extending of connectivity service in a location that is different from the home location where the service was registered. ... In telecommunication, the term handoff refers to the process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from one channel connected to the core network to another. ... LAN redirects here. ... Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a broad area (i. ... The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is an architectural framework for delivering internet protocol (IP) multimedia to mobile users. ... The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol for creating, modifying, and terminating sessions with one or more participants. ... Technological convergence is the modern presence of a vast array of different types of technology to perform very similar tasks. ...

The local network may be based on private unlicensed spectrum technologies like Bluetooth or 802.11, while the wide network is alternatively GSM/GPRS or UMTS mobile services. On the cellular network, the mobile handset communicates over the air with a base station, through a base station controller, to servers in the core network of the carrier. Under the GAN system, when the handset detects a LAN, it establishes a secure IP connection through a gateway to a server called a GAN Controller (GANC) on the carrier's network. The GANC translates the signals coming from the handset to make it appear to be coming from another base station. Thus, when a mobile moves from a GSM to an 802.11 network, it appears to the core network as if it is simply on a different base station. Bluetooth logo This article is about the electronic protocol named after Harald Bluetooth Gormson. ... IEEE 802. ... Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ... General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a mobile data service available to users of GSM mobile phones. ... Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is one of the third-generation (3G) mobile phone technologies. ... The term base station can be used in the context of land surveying, wireless computer networking, and wireless communications. ...

The system was initially called UMA and then renamed to GAN. It was developed by a group of operator and vendor companies. The initial specifications were published on 2nd September 2004. The companies then contributed the specifications to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as part of 3GPP work item "Generic Access to A/Gb interfaces". On 8th April 2005, 3GPP approved specifications for Generic Access to A/Gb interfaces for 3GPP Release 6. TS 43.318 and TS 44.318, and renamed the system to GAN. But the term GAN is little known outside the 3GPP community, and the term UMA is more common in marketing. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration agreement that was established in December 1998. ...

Modes of operation

A typical UMA/GAN handset will have four modes of operation:

• GERAN-only: uses only cellular networks
• GERAN-preferred: uses cellular networks if available, otherwise the 802.11 radio
• GAN-preferred: uses a 802.11 connection if an access point is in range, otherwise the cellular network
• GAN-only: uses only the 802.11 connection

In all cases, the handset scans for GSM cells when it first turns on, to determine its location area. This allows the carrier to route the call to the nearest GANC, set the correct rate plan, and comply with existing roaming agreements. The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject to understand later content. ...

Advantages

For carriers:

• Instead of erecting expensive base stations to cover every nook and cranny of a neighbourhood, GAN allows carriers to add coverage using low cost 802.11 access points. When at home, subscribers have very good coverage.
• In addition, GAN relieves congestion on the GSM or UMTS spectrum by removing common types of calls and routing them to the operator via the relatively low cost Internet
• GAN makes sense for network operators that also offer internet services. Operators can leverage sales of one to promote the other, and can bill both to each customer.
• Some other operators also run networks of 802.11 hotspots, such as T-Mobile. They will be able to leverage these hotspots to create more capacity and better coverage in many populous areas.
• Subscribers, not the network, pay directly for much of the costs associated with the service. They pay for a connection to the Internet, effectively paying the expensive part of the cost of routing calls from their location.

For subscribers: T-Mobile logo T-Mobile is a multinational mobile phone operator. ...

• Subscribers do not rely on their operator's ability to roll out towers and coverage, allowing them to fix some types of coverage blackspot themselves (such as in the home or office.)
• The cheaper rates for 802.11 use, coupled with better coverage at home, make it more affordable and practical to use cellphones instead of land lines.
• GAN is currently the only commercial technology available that combines GSM and 802.11 into a service that uses a single number, a single handset, single set of services and a single phone directory for all calls.

Disadvantages

• Handsets must support 802.11 network access which requires additional space, power and complexity and may affect the size, weight and battery performance of the phone. ^{[citation needed]}

• GAN is designed around connecting directly to an existing 2/2.5G GSM network. As such it is only suitable for network operators who have an existing GSM network. For operators such as '3' in the UK this is not the case. To address the issue a development called EGAN is under way in 3GPP.^[1]

For other uses, see 3 (disambiguation). ...

Service deployments

The first service launch was British Telecom with BT Fusion in the autumn of 2005. The service is based on technology which is pre-3GPP GAN standard. Initially, BT Fusion used UMA over Bluetooth with phones from Motorola; since Jan 2007, it uses UMA over 802.11 with phones from Nokia, Motorola and Samsung and is branded as a "Wi-Fi mobile service". Motorola Inc. ...

On August 28, 2006, TeliaSonera was the first to launch a 802.11 based UMA service called “Home Free”.

In the second week of September 2006, Telecom Italia quietly posted a UMA-based service called “Unica” on its web site. Telecom Italia is formerly a partially state-owned Italian telco. ...

On September 25, 2006 Orange announced its “unik” service ( “unique ” in the UK). The announcement, the largest to date, covers more than 60m of Orange’s mobile subscribers in the UK, France, Poland, Spain and the Netherlands.

On June 6th 2007 Finnish virtual operator Saunalahti announced plans to publish UMA services on week 24 with the Nokia 6136 UMA phone. Announcement in finnish

The first UMA deployment in the United States was announced by Cincinnati Bell on June 18, 2007. The service called CB Home Run allows users to seamlessly transfer from the Cincinnati Bell cellular network to a home wireless network or Cincinnati Bell's WiFi HotSpots. This was followed shortly by T-Mobile on June 27, 2007. T-Mobile's service, called T-Mobile HotSpot@Home, allows users to seamlessly transfer from the T-Mobile cellular network to a home wireless network or T-Mobile HotSpot. Cincinnati Bell is the dominant telephone company for Cincinnati, Ohio and its nearby suburbs in Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky. ... T-Mobile logo T-Mobile is a multinational mobile phone operator. ...

UMA pilots

Various manufacturers and networks have been trialing the GAN/UMA across the world.

Nokia started its first public UMA pilot study over Wireless LAN in the city of Oulu in July 2006. The live trial was to last at least two months and be conducted under real life surroundings and conditions by fifty families, with new Nokia 6136 mobile devices.^[2] The notebook is connected to the wireless access point using a PC card wireless card. ... Location of Oulu in Northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Finland Province Oulu Province Region Northern Ostrobothnia Sub-region Oulu sub-region Charter 1605 Government  - City manager Matti Pennanen Area  - City 449. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nokia 6136 is a mobile telephone handset produced by Nokia. ...

T-Mobile launched "HotSpot@Home" in 2007^[3] This article refers to the United States based subsidiary of T-Mobile International AG, which itself is a subsidary of Deutsche Telekom. ...

Cincinnati Bell Wireless launched "CB Home Run" in 2007. ^[4]

Similar technologies

GAN/UMA is not the first system to allow the use of unlicensed spectrum to connect handsets to a GSM network. The GIP/IWP standard for DECT provides similar functionality, but requires a more direct connection to the GSM network from the base station. While dual-mode DECT/GSM phones have appeared, these have generally been functionally cordless phones with a GSM handset built-in (or vice versa, depending on your point of view), rather than phones implementing DECT/GIP, due to the lack of suitable infrastructure to hook DECT base-stations supporting GIP to GSM networks on an ad-hoc basis.^[5] The GSM Interworking Profile, usually abbreviated to GIP and sometimes to IWP, is a profile for DECT that allows a DECT base station to form part of a GSM network, given suitable handsets. ... See http://en. ...

GAN/UMA's ability to use the Internet to provide the "last mile" connection to the GSM network solves the major issue that DECT/GIP has faced. Had GIP emerged as a practical standard, the low power usage of DECT technology when idle would have been an advantage compared to GAN.

There is nothing preventing an operator from deploying micro- and pico-cells that use towers that connect with the home network over the Internet. Several companies have developed so-called Femtocell systems that do precisely that, broadcasting a "real" GSM or UMTS signal, bypassing the need for special handsets that require 802.11 technology. In theory, such systems are more universal, and again require lower power than 802.11, but their legality will vary depending on the jurisdiction, and will require the cooperation of the operator. A femtocell—originally called an Access Point Base Station—is a scalable, multi-channel, two-way communication device extending a typical base station by incorporating all of the major components of the telecommunications infrastructure. ...

Devices

• BenQ - BenQ E72^[6]
• Motorola - A910
• Nokia - 6136, 6086, 6301^[7]
• Samsung - Samsung P200, Samsung T709, Samsung T409^[8], Samsung SGH-P260^[9], Samsung SGH-P520^[10], Samsung T739 (Katalyst)^[11]
• Sagem - my419X
• BlackBerry - 8820, 8320, 8120
• HP - HP iPAQ 510^[12]

BenQ Corporation (IPA: ; Chinese: ) is a Taiwanese company specializing in the manufacturing of computing, communications, and consumer electronics devices. ... Motorola Inc. ... This article is about the telecommunications corporation. ... Nokia 6136 is a mobile telephone handset produced by Nokia. ... Nokia 6086 is a mobile telephone handset produced by Nokia. ... Samsung Group is one of the largest South Korean business groupings. ... The Samsung SGH-P520 is the successor to the Samsung SGH-P310, classified by Samsung as a card-phone. ... SAGEM (Société d’Applications Générales de l’Electricité et de la Mécanique, translated to Company of General Applications of Electricity and Mechanics) was a major French company involved in defence electronics, consumer electronics and communication systems. ... This article is about the wireless e-mail device. ... HP may refer to: Handley Page Aircraft Company Harry Potter, a series of fantasy novels by British writer J. K. Rowling Hello! Project (H!P), a Japanese pop recording project Hewlett-Packard, a computer and computer peripheral company High Point, North Carolina High potency, a term used in biology, pharmacology... iPAQ presently refers to a Pocket PC and personal digital assistant first unveiled by Compaq in April 2000; the name was borrowed from Compaqs earlier iPAQ Desktop Personal Computers. ...

References

1. ^ [1], [2]
2. ^ Nokia 6136 Press Release
3. ^ http://www.t-mobile.com/company/PressReleases_Article.aspx?assetName=Prs_Prs_20070627&title=T-Mobile%20Introduces%20Unlimited%20Calling%20Over%20Wi-Fi%20With%20the%20National%20Launch%20of%20T-Mobile%20HotSpot%20@Home
4. ^ [3]
5. ^ DECT Web DECT/GSM DUAL MODE and the advent of the ONEPHONE SERVICE
6. ^ http://www.benq.com/products/mobile/?product=1121
7. ^ http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/articlenews.aspx?type=internetNews&storyid=2007-09-20T073800Z_01_L20743154_RTRIDST_0_OUKIN-UK-NOKIA-6301.XML
8. ^ http://www.t-mobile.com/shop/phones/Detail.aspx?device=93369e8f-a580-49b2-93bd-88fcd1321b85
9. ^ http://www.umatoday.com/mobileHandsetsSamsungP260.php
10. ^ http://www.slashphone.com/102/7808.html
11. ^ http://www.engadgetmobile.com/2007/11/02/the-samsung-katalyst-t-mobiles-next-home-handset/
12. ^ http://www.umatoday.com/mobileHandsetsHPiPAQ510.php

See also

• IEEE 802.21
• IEEE 802.11r
• IEEE 802.11u
• Mobile VOIP or VoWi-Fi
• MOIP
• VoWLAN

// 802. ... 802. ... 802. ... Mobile VoIP or Mobile Voice over Internet Protocol is the application of voice over IP technology to mobile handsets. ... VoIP Mobile or Mobile Voice over Internet Protocol is the application of Voice over IP technology to mobile handsets. ... MoIP, or mobile communications over internet protocol, is the mobilization of peer-to-peer communications including chat and talk using internet protocol via standard mobile communications applications including 3G, GPRS and Wifi. ... VoWLAN (Voice over Wireless LAN) is the use of a wireless broadband network for the purpose of vocal conversation. ...

External links

• 3GPP GAN Specification 43.318, 3GPP GAN Specification 44.318
• UMA Today — contains also a list of available GAN handset
• 3GPP
• Free download of 3GPP standards available at
  • 3GPP Specifications Home Page
  • ETSI GSM UMTS 3GPP Numbering Cross Reference
• Dafocus UMA/GAN Protocols encoder/decoder