A music genre is a category (or genre) of pieces of music that share a certain style or "basic musical language" (van der Merwe 1989, p.3). Music can also be categorised by non-musical criteria such as geographical origin. Such categories are not strictly genre and a single geographical category will often include a number of different genre. The word category (plural categories; from Greek κατηγορια meaning assertion or accusation, hence categorical denial) has several meanings: it is used informally to mean a class of things, as in the category of all living things. See categorization. ... A genre is any of the traditional divisions of art forms from a single field of activity into various kinds according to criteria particular to that form. ... Wikibooks Wikiversity has more about this subject: School of Music Look up Music in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Wikisource, as part of the 1911 Encyclopedia Wikiproject, has original text related to this article: Music Wikicities has a wiki about Music: Music Music City : a collaborative music database All Music Guide...

Categorizing music, especially into finer genres or subgenres, can be difficult for newly emerging styles or for pieces of music that incorporate features of multiple genres. Attempts to pigeonhole particular musicians in a single genre are sometimes ill-founded as they may produce music in a variety of genres over time or even within a single piece. Some people feel that the categorization of music into genres is based more on commercial and marketing motives than musical criteria. John Zorn, for example, a musician whose work has covered a wide range of genres, wrote in Arcana: Musicians on Music that genres are tools used to "commodify and commercialize an artist's complex personal vision." Other artists feel that it is an artist's fault themselves if they make a body of work that can easily be put into a class shared with others. A musician is a person who plays or composes music. ... Traditionally, Marketing has been a term applied to the process or act of bringing together buyers and sellers. ... John Zorn (born September 2, 1953 in New York City) is a American composer and saxophonist/multi-instrumentalist. ...

Some genre labels are quite vague, and may be contrived by critics; post-rock, for example, is a term devised and defined by Simon Reynolds. Another example of this is video game music, which while defined by its media, can also represent its own style, as well as that of any other musical genre. A critic (derived from the ancient Greek word krites meaning a judge) is a person who offers a value judgement or an interpretation. ... The term post-rock was coined by Simon Reynolds in issue 123 of The Wire (May 1994) to describe a sort of music using rock instrumentation for non-rock purposes, using guitars as facilitators of timbres and textures rather than riffs and powerchords. ... Simon Reynolds (born 1963) is an influential British music critic, who made his name at Melody Maker in the 1980s. ... Outrun (1986) is an arcade game with a famous soundtrack. ...

Dividing music by genre does make it easier to trace threads through music history, and makes it easier for individuals to find artists that they enjoy. This article is about the academic field of music history. ...

Genres of Cuban music and other popular music

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (961x628, 10 KB) See also: genealogy of musical genres and Cuban music. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (961x628, 10 KB) See also: genealogy of musical genres and Cuban music. ... The Caribbean island of Cuba has been influential in the development of multiple musical styles in the 19th and 20th centuries. ... Popular music is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and mostly distributed commercially. ...

Overview of main groupings

Although there are many individual genres, it is possible to group these together into a number of overlapping major groupings. The rest of this page attempts to do that for a number of widely agreed areas.

These definitions are relatively short and simple, referring to further articles as needed.

See also: List of music genres, Genealogy of musical genres, Category:Musical genres Music can be divided into genres in many different ways. ... Geneological charts and tables See also list of genres of music and genealogy Geneological charts or family trees of major musical genres are useful to track the way in which these genres developed over time. ...

Classical music (or art music)

The term classical music refers to a number of different, but related, genres. Without any qualification, the usual meaning of "classical music" in the English language is European classical music (an older usage describes specifically the Western art music of the Classical Music Era). It can also refer to the classical (or art) music of non-Western cultures such as Indian classical music or Chinese classical music. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, particularly between 1000 and 1900. ... The Classical period in Western music occurred in a large part of the 18th century, and into the early 19th century. ... The origins of Indian classical music (marga), the classical music of India, can be found from the oldest of scriptures, part of the Hindu tradition, the Vedas. ... Chinese Classical music is the traditional art or court music of China. ...

In a Western context, classical music is generally a classification covering music composed and performed by professionally trained artists. Classical music is a written tradition. It is composed and written using music notation, and as a rule is performed faithfully to the score. Art music is a term widely used to describe classical music and other serious forms of artistic musical expression, Western or non-Western, especially referring to serious music composed after 1950. Music notation is a system of writing for music. ... 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Gospel

Gospel is a genre that includes songs that have lyrics strong in religious terms, particularly Christian. Despite its religious context, gospel music is one of the most popular non-pop music genres. Even though Christian spirituals and hymns have existed for hundreds of years, gospel music didn't really come into being until the 1920s, when Thomas A. Dorsey recorded his first religious song, "If You See My Savior." Mahalia Jackson and the Soul Stirrers were major gospel acts of the 40s and 50s, which were also the years when gospel music became popularized. Gospel music may refer either to the religious music that first came out of African-American churches in the 1930s or, more loosely, to both black gospel music and to the religious music composed and sung by white southern Christian artists. ... Testes A Christian is a follower of Jesus of Nazareth. ... Thomas A. Dorsey (July 1, 1899 - January 23, 1993) is called the Father of Gospel Music. ... Mahalia Jackson in 1962, photographed by Carl Van Vechten Mahalia Jackson (October 26, 1911–January 27, 1972) was a United States gospel singer, widely regarded as one of the best in the history of the genre. ... One of the most popular and influential gospel groups of the 20th century, The Soul Stirrers were pioneers in the development of the quartet style of gospel and, without intending it, in the creation of soul music, the secular music that owed much to gospel. ...

By this time, singers with gospel backgrounds became stars in the secular arena. These included: Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Little Richard, and Sam Cooke (who was also a member of the Soul Stirrers). By the late 60s, a different type of gospel music called "Jesus music" was popularized by the youth, mostly among college students. Jesus music featured styles of white rock by such artists as Larry Norman. Andrae Crouch, however, was the most popular black gospel as well as mainstream artist of the 70s. Elvis Presley Elvis Aron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), also known as The King of Rock and Roll or The King, was an American singer and actor. ... Jerry Lee Lewis Jerry Lee Lewis (born September 29, 1935) is an American rock and roll singer, songwriter, and pianist, as well as an early pioneer of the rock and roll movement. ... Little Richard Little Richard (born Richard Wayne Penniman, December 5, 1932 in Macon, Georgia) is an American singer, songwriter, and pianist, and an early pioneer of rock and roll. ... Sam Cooke Sam Cooke (January 22, 1931 – December 11, 1964) was a hugely popular gospel music and R&B singer, born Sam Cook in Clarksdale, Mississippi. ... Larry David Norman (born April 8, 1947 in Corpus Christi, Texas) was a member of the rock band People!. That band released its first album in 1968 and had a Top 20 hit with the song, I Love You (written by Chris White of The Zombies). ... Andrae Edward Crouch (born July 1, 1942), gospel musician, recording artist, songwriter, arranger, and producer, was a key figure in the Jesus Music movement of the 1960s and 1970s. ...

By the late 70s and early 80s, Contemporary Christian Music had begun to replace black gospel music as the most popular style of gospel. Artists such as Amy Grant, Michael W. Smith, and Steven Curtis Chapman were artists that not only appealed to their Christian fans, but also found a mainstream audience. Inspirational music was another popular type of gospel in the 1980s, led by artists like Sandi Patti and Dallas Holm, but it had largely been replaced by praise & worship in the 90s and 00s. With Footnotes 2nd Chapter of Acts (1974) Contemporary Christian Music (or CCM) is a somewhat outdated term originally used in the 1970s to describe a new form of pop/rock music that was lyrically based in the Christian faith. ... Amy Grant, Age To Age, 1982 Amy Lee Grant (born November 25, 1960 in Augusta, Georgia) is an American singer-songwriter whose music has strong Christian themes. ... Michael Whitaker Smith (born October 7, 1957 in Kenova, West Virginia), often nicknamed Smitty, is an American singer, songwriter and keyboardist. ... Steven Curtis Chapman (born November 21, 1962 in Paducah, Kentucky) has been one of the biggest stars of contemporary Christian music since the late 1980s. ... Sandi Patty (born July 14, 1957) is a Contemporary Christian music singer. ...

Jazz

Jazz is a musical form that grew out of a cross-fertilization of folk blues, ragtime, and European music, particularly band music. It has been called the first native art form to develop in the United States of America. The music has gone through a series of developments since its inception. In roughly chronological order they are Dixieland, swing/big band, bebop, hard bop, cool jazz, free jazz, jazz fusion and smooth jazz. Jazz is a musical art form characterized by blue notes, syncopation, swing, call and response, polyrhythms, and improvisation. ... For the emotional state, see Depression (mood). ... Ragtime is an American musical genre, enjoying its peak popularity around the years 1900–1918. ... Dixieland or Dixie is a name for the south-eastern portion of the USA; see: U.S. Southern States, Dixie. ... The term Swing has several meanings: Swing (dance), a kind of dance, including West Coast Swing and East Coast Swing. ... Bebop or bop is a form of jazz characterized by fast tempos and improvisation based on harmonic structure rather than melody. ... Hard bop is an extension of bebop (bop) music which incorporates influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing. ... Along with the bebop movement developed during the 1940s, the 1950s ushered in a lighter, more romantic style of jazz called cool. ... Free jazz, or avant-garde jazz, is a movement of jazz music characterized by diminished dependence on formal constraints. ... Jazz fusion (sometimes referred to simply as fusion) is a musical genre that loosely encompasses the merging of jazz with other styles, particularly rock, funk, R&B, and world music. ... Smooth jazz is generally described as a subset of jazz that combinines instruments (and, at times, improvisation) traditionally associated with its parent genre and stylistic influences drawn from, among other sources, funk, pop and R&B. Since the late 1980s, it has become highly successful as a radio format; one...

Jazz is primarily an instrumental form of music. The instrument most closely associated with jazz may be the saxophone, followed closely by the trumpet. The trombone, piano, double bass, guitar and drums are also primary jazz instruments. The clarinet and banjo were often used, especially in the earlier styles of jazz. Although there have been many renowned jazz vocalists, and many of the most well-known jazz tunes have lyrics, the majority of well-known and influential jazz musicians and composers have been instrumentalists. During the time of its widest popularity, roughly 1920 to 1950, jazz and popular music had a very intimate connection. Popular songs drew upon jazz influences, and many jazz hits were reworkings of popular songs, or lyrics were written for jazz tunes in an attempt to create popular hits. An instrumental is, in contrast to a song, a musical composition or piece without lyrics or any other sort of vocal music; all of the music is produced by musical instruments. ... Saxophones of different sizes play in different registers. ... Trumpeter performing with the United States Air Forces in Europe Band The trumpet is the highest brass instrument in register, above the tuba, euphonium, trombone, sousaphone, and french horn. ... Bâ™­/F tenor trombone A lip-reed aerophone with a predominantly cylindrical bore, the trombone is a musical instrument in the brass family. ... This article is about the modern musical instrument. ... Side and front views of a modern double bass with a French bow. ... The classical guitar typically has 3 nylon and 3 nickel-wound strings. ... A drum kit (or drum set or trap set - the latter an old-fashioned term) is a collection of drums, cymbals and other percussion instruments arranged for convenient playing by a sole percussionist (drummer), usually for jazz, rock, or other types of contemporary music. ... A bass clarinet, which sounds an octave lower than the more common Bâ™­ soprano clarinet. ... The banjo is a stringed instrument, derived from the banjar, a stringed instrument of American origins, sometimes called the gourd banjo. The banjar, in turn was based on the African akonting. Some etymologists derive it from a dialectal pronunciation of bandore, though recent research suggests that it may come from... In music a singer or vocalist is a type of musician who sings, i. ... Popular music is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and mostly distributed commercially. ...

The single most distinguishing characteristic of jazz is improvisation. Jazz also tends to utilize complex chord structures and an advanced sense of harmony. These characteristics in combination with the use of improvisation require a high degree of technical skill and musical knowledge from the performers. Improvisation is the act of making something up as it is performed. ... In music and music theory, a chord (from the middle English cord, short for accord) is three or more different notes or pitches sounding simultaneously, or nearly simultaneously, over a period of time. ... Harmony is the use and study of pitch simultaneity and chords, actual or implied, in music. ...

The art form today is a widely varied one, using influences from all of the past styles, although the root of modern jazz is primarily bebop. Modern jazz can also incorporate elements of electronica and hip-hop. Bebop or bop is a form of jazz characterized by fast tempos and improvisation based on harmonic structure rather than melody. ... Electronica is a rather ambiguous term that covers a wide range of electronic or electronic-influenced music. ... Hip hop is a cultural movement that began among urban African Americans and Latinos in New York City in the early 1970s, and has since spread around the world. ...

Jazz was a direct influence on Rhythm and blues, and therefore a secondary influence on most later genres of popular music. Modern American art music composers have often used elements of jazz in their compositions. Rhythm and blues (or R&B) is a musical marketing term introduced in the United States in the late 1940s by Jerry Wexler at Billboard magazine, used to designate upbeat popular music performed by African American artists that combined jazz and blues. ... This article is about the broad genre of classical music in the Western musical tradition. ...

Latin American

Latin American Music, music of Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean (see West Indies). The region of Latin America contains a rich variety of cultural and musical heritages, including those of lowland Native Americans in the Amazon River area and parts of Central America; those of highland Native Americans in Mexico, Guatemala, and the Andes; those of African Americans, especially in the Caribbean, Ecuador, Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana, coastal Venezuela, Colombia, and northeastern Brazil; and those of people of Spanish and Portuguese descent. Latin American music, is sometimes wrongly called Latin music. ... Wikibooks Wikiversity has more about this subject: School of Music Look up Music in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Wikisource, as part of the 1911 Encyclopedia Wikiproject, has original text related to this article: Music Wikicities has a wiki about Music: Music Music City : a collaborative music database All Music Guide... Central America is the region of North America located between the southern border of Mexico and the northwest border of Colombia, in South America. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... ... The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... The word culture comes from the Latin root colere (to inhabit, to cultivate, or to honor). ... The art of singing and dancing in a prepared fictional play has been a time-honored tradition ranging to the early days of civilization. ... Heritage can refer to: Inheritance Kinship and descent This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... A Sioux in traditional dress including war bonnet, circa 1908. ... Length 6,296 km Elevation of the source 5,597 m Average discharge 219,000 m³/s Area watershed 6,915,000 km² Origin  Nevado Mismi Mouth  Atlantic Ocean Basin countries Brazil (62. ... Central America is the region of North America located between the southern border of Mexico and the northwest border of Colombia, in South America. ... The term highland is used to denote any mountainous region. ... A Sioux in traditional dress including war bonnet, circa 1908. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... ...

Certain types of Latin American music represent fairly direct lines of continuity with the original cultural sources. Throughout the region there have been composers and musicians working in the European classical tradition since the colonial period (beginning about the 16th century), and there are also ballad, dance, and dance-drama traditions that can be traced directly from Europe. Various lowland and highland peoples maintain distinctive indigenous musical traditions, and African American populations continue to perform both sacred and secular music that is directly linked to specific West African and Central African traditions. The most prevalent musical styles in much of Latin America, however, are the result of various types and degrees of fusion of these different cultural heritages and musical resources. Latin American music, is sometimes wrongly called Latin music. ... Originality refers to something being new or novel. ... The word culture comes from the Latin root colere (to inhabit, to cultivate, or to honor). ... A region can be any area that has some unifying feature. ... Composers are people who write music. ... A musician is a person who plays or composes music. ... This article is about the continent. ... A tradition is a story or a custom that is memorized and passed down from generation to generation, originally without the need for a writing system. ... In general, the word colonial means of or relating to a colony. In United States history, the term Colonial is used to refer to the period before US independence. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... A ballad is a story in song, usually a narrative song or poem. ... A contemporary dancer rehearsing in a dance studio Dance (from Old French dance, further history unknown) generally refers to human movement either used as a form of expression (see also body language) or presented in a social, spiritual or performance setting. ... A tradition is a story or a custom that is memorized and passed down from generation to generation, originally without the need for a writing system. ... A satellite composite image of Europe World map showing location of Europe When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... The term highland is used to denote any mountainous region. ... The art of singing and dancing in a prepared fictional play has been a time-honored tradition ranging to the early days of civilization. ... A tradition is a story or a custom that is memorized and passed down from generation to generation, originally without the need for a writing system. ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... Wikibooks Wikiversity has more about this subject: School of Music Look up Music in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Wikisource, as part of the 1911 Encyclopedia Wikiproject, has original text related to this article: Music Wikicities has a wiki about Music: Music Music City : a collaborative music database All Music Guide... World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second_largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ... World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second_largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ... A tradition is a story or a custom that is memorized and passed down from generation to generation, originally without the need for a writing system. ... The art of singing and dancing in a prepared fictional play has been a time-honored tradition ranging to the early days of civilization. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... The word culture comes from the Latin root colere (to inhabit, to cultivate, or to honor). ... Heritage can refer to: Inheritance Kinship and descent This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The art of singing and dancing in a prepared fictional play has been a time-honored tradition ranging to the early days of civilization. ...

Rhythm and blues

Rhythm and blues is a name for black popular music tradition. When speaking strictly of "rhythm 'n' blues", the term may refer to black pop-music from 1940s to 1960s that was not jazz nor blues but something more lightweight. The term "R&B" often refers to any contemporary black pop music. Early-1950s R&B music became popular with both black and white audiences, and popular records were often covered by white artists, leading to the development of rock and roll. Rhythm and blues (or R&B) is a musical marketing term introduced in the United States in the late 1940s by Jerry Wexler at Billboard magazine, used to designate upbeat popular music performed by African American artists that combined jazz and blues. ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans, Black Americans, or blacks, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to West Africa. ... Jazz is a musical art form characterized by blue notes, syncopation, swing, call and response, polyrhythms, and improvisation. ... For the emotional state, see Depression (mood). ... Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ...

A notable subgenre of rhythm 'n' blues was doo-wop, which put emphasis on polyphonic singing. In the early 1960s rhythm 'n' blues took influences from gospel and rock and roll and thus soul music was born. In the late 1960s, funk music started to evolve out of soul; by the 1970s funk had become its own subgenre that stressed complex, "funky" rhythm patterns and monotonistic compositions based on a riff or two. In the early to mid 1970s, hip hop music (also known as "rap") grew out of funk and reggae (see below). Funk and soul music evolved into contemporary R&B (no longer an acronym) in the 1980s, which cross-pollinated with hip-hop for the rest of the 20th century and into the 21 century. Doo-wop is a style of vocal-based rhythm and blues music popular in the mid-1950s to the early 1960s in America. ... Gospel music may refer either to the religious music that first came out of African-American churches in the 1930s or, more loosely, to both black gospel music and to the religious music composed and sung by white southern Christian artists. ... Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... For other uses, see Soul music (disambiguation). ... Funk is a distinct style of music originated by African-Americans, e. ... Hip hop music is a style of popular music. ... Rhythm and blues (or R & B) is a musical marketing term introduced in the United States in the late 1940s by Billboard magazine. ... Acronyms and initialisms are abbreviations formed from the initial letter or letters of words, such as NATO and XHTML, and are pronounced in a way that is distinct from the full pronunciation of what the letters stand for. ...

Rock

Rock, in its broadest sense, can refer to almost all popular music recorded since the early 1950s. Its earliest form, rock and roll, arose from multiple genres in the late 1940s, most importantly jump blues. Although invented by Chuck Berry, it was first popularized by performers like Bill Haley, Buddy Holly, and Elvis Presley, who fused the sound with country music, resulting in rockabilly. In addition, gospel music and a related genre, R&B (rhythm and blues), emerged later in the decade. R&B soon became one of the most popular genres, with girl groups, garage rock and surf rock most popular in the US, while harder, more blues-oriented musicians became popular in the UK, which soon developed into British blues, merseybeat, mod and skiffle. Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... Popular music is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and mostly distributed commercially. ... // Events and trends The 1950s in Western society was marked with a sharp rise in the economy for the first time in almost 30 years and return to the 1920s-type consumer society built on credit and boom-times, as well as the height of the baby-boom from returning... // Events and trends The 1940s were dominated by World War II, the most destructive armed conflict in history. ... The jump blues is a type of blues music, characterized by a jazzy, saxophone (or other horn instruments) sound, driving rhythms and shouted vocals. ... Chuck Berry Charles Edward Anderson Berry (born October 18, 1926), better known as Chuck Berry, is a highly influential American guitarist, singer and composer. ... Bill Haley, with his band, the Comets, was one of the first rock and roll acts to tour the United Kingdom. ... Charles Hardin Holley (September 7, 1936–February 3, 1959), better known as Buddy Holly, was an American singer, songwriter, and a pioneer of Rock and Roll. ... Elvis Presley Elvis Aron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), also known as The King of Rock and Roll or The King, was an American singer and actor. ... Country music, formerly called country and western music or country-western, is an amalgam of popular musical forms developed in the southern United States, with roots in traditional folk music, spirituals, and the blues. ... Rockabilly is the earliest form of rock and roll as a distinct style of music. ... Gospel music may refer either to the religious music that first came out of African-American churches in the 1930s or, more loosely, to both black gospel music and to the religious music composed and sung by white southern Christian artists. ... Rhythm and blues (or R & B) is a musical marketing term introduced in the United States in the late 1940s by Billboard magazine. ... A girl group, as the name implies, is a musical group featuring a group of female singers. ... Garage rock (performed by garage bands) was a simple, raw form of rock and roll that emerged in the mid-1960s, largely in the United States. ... In the early 1960s, one of the most popular forms of rock and roll was surf rock. ... The British blues is a type of blues music that originated in the late 1950s. ... Merseybeat, sometimes referred to as Merseysound, was a style of music popular during the 1960s. ... Mod or MOD may refer to any of the following: Case mods; modifications made to a computers case in order to improve its appearance. ... Skiffle music is a type of folk music with a jazz and blues influence, usually using homemade or improvised instruments such as the washboard, tea-chest bass, kazoo, cigar-box fiddle, or a comb and paper, and so forth. ...

Starting the mid-1960s, a group of British bands that played variations on American R&B-influenced blues became popular on both sides of the Atlantic -- the British Invasion, a catchall term for multiple genres. These groups, including the Beatles, fused the earlier sounds with Appalachian folk music, forming folk rock, as well as a variety of less-popular genres, including the singer-songwriter tradition. Early heavy metal and punk rock bands formed in this period, though these genres did not emerge as such for several years. The British Invasion was an influx of rock and roll performers from Great Britain who became popular in the United States, Australia and elsewhere in 1964 ending the years immediately afterward. ... The Beatles (L-R, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Ringo Starr, John Lennon), in 1964, performing on The Ed Sullivan Show promoting their first U.S. hit song, I Want To Hold Your Hand, and ushering in the British Invasion of American popular music. ... Appalachian folk music is a distinctive genre of folk music originating in the Appalachia region of the United States of America. ... Bob Dylans folk-rock album, Blonde On Blonde Folk-rock is a musical genre, combining elements of folk music and rock music. ... The term singer-songwriter refers to performers who both write and sing their own material. ... Heavy metal is a form of music characterised by aggressive, driving rhythms and highly amplified distorted guitars, generally with grandiose lyrics and virtuosic instrumentation. ... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ...

The most popular genre of the British Invasion was psychedelic music, which slowly morphed into bluegrass-influenced jam bands like the Grateful Dead and ornate, classically-influenced progressive rock bands. Merseybeat and mod groups like The Yardbirds and The Who soon evolved into hard rock, which, in the early 1970s specialized into a gritty sound called glam rock, as well as a mostly underground phenomenon called power pop. In the early to mid-1970s, singer-songwriters and pop musicians led the charts, though punk rock and krautrock also developed, and some success was achieved by southern rock and roots rock performers, which fused modern techniques with a more traditionalist sound. Psychedelic music is a musical genre which is not rigorously defined, and is sometimes interpreted to include everything from Flower Power music to Hard Rock and Acid Rock. ... Bluegrass music is considered a form of American roots music with its own roots in the English, Irish and Scottish traditional music of immigrants from the British Isles (particularly the Scots-Irish immigrants of Appalachia), as well as the music of rural African-Americans, jazz, and blues. ... The term jam band is commonly used to describe psychedelic rock-influenced bands whose concerts largely consist of bands reinterpreting their songs as springboards into extended improvisational pieces of music. ... The Grateful Dead in the late 1970s: (from left) Mickey Hart, Phil Lesh, Jerry Garcia, Brent Mydland, Bill Kreutzmann, Bob Weir The Grateful Dead, often referred to as The Dead, was an American psychedelia-influenced jam band, formed in 1965 in San Francisco from the remnants of another band, Mother... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Progressive rock (shortened to prog, or prog rock when differentiating from other progressive genres) is an ambitious, eclectic, and often grandiose style of rock music which arose in the late 1960s, reached the peak of its popularity in the early 1970s, and continues as a musical form to this day. ... Yardbirds album cover The Yardbirds were an early British rock band, noted for spawning the careers of several of rock musics most famous guitarists, including Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, and Jimmy Page. ... The Who in 1968. ... Hard rock is a form of rock and roll music which finds its closest roots in early 1960s garage rock. ... This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ... Glam rock (less commonly glitter rock), a style of rock music popularized in the 1970s, was mostly a British phenomenon and confined to larger cities in the U.S., such as New York and Los Angeles. ... Power pop is a long-standing musical genre that draws its inspiration from 1960s British and American pop music. ... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... Krautrock is a generic name for the experimental bands who appeared in Germany in the early 1970s. ... Southern rock is a style of rock music that was very popular in the 1970s, and retains a fan base to the present. ... Roots Rock is a sometimes vaguely-defined genre of rock music that draws on early rock and roll, blues music, country music or country rock, and other related forms. ...

Country music

Country music is usually used to refer to honky tonk today. Emerging in the 1930s in the United States, honky tonk country was strongly influenced by the blues, as well as jug bands (which cannot be properly called honky tonk). In the 1950s, country achieved great mainstream success by adding elements of rock and roll; this was called rockabilly. In addition, Western swing added influences from Swing and bluegrass emerged as a largely underground phenomenon. Later in the decade, the Nashville sound, a highly polished form of country music, became very popular. In reaction to this, harder-edged, gritty musicians sprung up in Bakersfield, California, inventing the Bakersfield sound. Merle Haggard and similar artists brought the Bakersfield sound to mainstream audiences in the 1960s, while Nashville started churning out countrypolitan. During the 1970s, the most popular genre was outlaw country, a heavily rock-influenced style. The late 1980s saw the Urban Cowboys bring about an influx of pop-oriented stars during the 1990s. Modern bluegrass music has remained mostly traditional, though progressive bluegrass and close harmony groups do exist, and the sound is the primary basis for jam bands like the Grateful Dead. Country music, formerly called country and western music or country-western, is an amalgam of popular musical forms developed in the southern United States, with roots in traditional folk music, spirituals, and the blues. ... Honky tonk was originally the name of a type of bar common throughout the southern United States, also Honkatonk or Honkey-tonk. ... // Events and trends The 1930s were spent struggling for a solution to the global depression. ... For the emotional state, see Depression (mood). ... A jug band is a band employing a jug player and other traditional and homemade instruments, such as rhythm guitar, washtub bass, washboard, jug, mandolin, spoons, and kazoo. ... // Events and trends The 1950s in Western society was marked with a sharp rise in the economy for the first time in almost 30 years and return to the 1920s-type consumer society built on credit and boom-times, as well as the height of the baby-boom from returning... Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... Rockabilly is the earliest form of rock and roll as a distinct style of music. ... Western swing, also known as Country Swing, is dance music with an up-tempo beat and a decidedly Southwestern US regional flavor. ... Swing music, also known as swing jazz, is a form of jazz music that solidified as a distinctive style during the 1930s in the United States. ... Bluegrass music is considered a form of American roots music with its own roots in the English, Irish and Scottish traditional music of immigrants from the British Isles (particularly the Scots-Irish immigrants of Appalachia), as well as the music of rural African-Americans, jazz, and blues. ... The Nashville sound in country music arose during the 1950s in the United States. ... City nickname:Calfornias Country Music Capital County Kern County, California Area  - Total  - Water 296. ... The Bakersfield sound was a genre of country music developed in the mid- to late 1950s in and around Bakersfield, California, at bars such as The Blackboard. ... Merle Ronald Haggard (April 6, 1937 in Bakersfield, California) is an American country music singer and songwriter. ... The 1960s, or The Sixties, in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1960 and 1969, but the expression has taken on a wider meaning over the past twenty years. ... The Nashville sound in country music arose during the 1950s in the United States. ... This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ... Outlaw country was a significant trend in country music during the late 1960s and the 1970s. ... // Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 60s and 70s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ... Urban Cowboy Urban Cowboy is a 1980 movie starring John Travolta and Debra Winger about the love-hate relationship between Travoltas character Bud and Wingers character Sissy. ... // Events and trends The 1990s are generally classified as having moved slightly away from the more conservative 1980s, but otherwise retaining the same mindset. ... Progressive bluegrass, synonymous with newgrass (a term attributed to New Grass Revival member Ebo Walker), is one of two major subgenres of bluegrass music. ... Close harmony is usually better heard than described. ... The term jam band is commonly used to describe psychedelic rock-influenced bands whose concerts largely consist of bands reinterpreting their songs as springboards into extended improvisational pieces of music. ... The Grateful Dead in the late 1970s: (from left) Mickey Hart, Phil Lesh, Jerry Garcia, Brent Mydland, Bill Kreutzmann, Bob Weir The Grateful Dead, often referred to as The Dead, was an American psychedelia-influenced jam band, formed in 1965 in San Francisco from the remnants of another band, Mother...

Electronic music

Delia Derbyshire recording electronic music in the BBC Radiophonic Workshop

Electronic music started long before the invention of the synthesizer with the use of tape loops and analogue electronics in the 1950s and 1960s. Well known examples include the theme music to the TV series Doctor Who, recorded in 1963 by Delia Derbyshire and Dick Mills. Some subcategories of electronic music include electronic dance music, space, new age, ambient, and the catch-all "electronica," which can sometimes include all of the above electronic sub-genres, but usually refers to electronic music without lyrics. Delia Derbyshire at work in BBC Radiophonic Workshop File links The following pages link to this file: Electronic music Music genre Delia Derbyshire ... Delia Derbyshire at work in BBC Radiophonic Workshop File links The following pages link to this file: Electronic music Music genre Delia Derbyshire ... Electronic music is a loose term for music created using electronic equipment. ... A classic FM synthesizer, the Yamaha DX7. ... Main article: History of Doctor Who Doctor Who first appeared on BBC television on November 23, 1963. ... 1963 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Delia Derbyshire (May 5, 1937 - July 3, 2001) was a pioneer of electronic music. ... Electronic music is a loose term for music created using electronic equipment. ... SPACE MUSIC A sub-genre of ambient music with space or astronomy as a theme, originally intended as soundtrack music for planetarium shows. ... At its beginnings, new age music was closely related to the New Age movement of beliefs, therefore, its contents have been constantly associated with mystical matters clearly present within the cultural movement. ... Ambient music is a loosely defined musical genre that incorporates elements of a number of different styles - including jazz, electronic music, new age, rock and roll, modern classical music, reggae, traditional, world and even noise. ... Electronica is a rather ambiguous term that covers a wide range of electronic or electronic-influenced music. ...

One of the first people to popularize the synthesizer was Wendy Carlos who performed classical music on the synthesizer on the recording Switched-On Bach. Space music was popularized by the group Tangerine Dream, among others, as a precursor to new age music. New age music served to support and perpetuate the values of the new age movement. Though there is some overlap between the various sub-genres of electronic music, Brian Eno, the creator of ambient music, claimed that ambient had a bit of "evil" in it, whereas new age music did not. Eno's creation was less values-driven than new age; his goal was to create music like wallpaper, insofar as the listener could listen to or easily ignore the music. Wendy Carlos in 1980 Wendy Carlos (born Walter Carlos -- see Personal life section below -- November 14, 1939 in Pawtucket, Rhode Island) is an American composer and electronic musician. ... Switched On Bach is a 1968 album by Wendy Carlos on CBS Records . ... Tangerine Dream is a German group that specializes in electronic music. ... New Age describes a broad movement characterized by alternative approaches to traditional Western culture. ... Brian Eno in 1977 Brain Eno (born Brian Peter George St. ...

Naturally, many people have met electronic music also in the form of video game music. Outrun (1986) is an arcade game with a famous soundtrack. ...

Electronic dance music

Although many artists in the 50s and 60s created pure electronic music with pop structures, fully formed electronic dance music as we know it today really emerged in 1977 with Giorgio Moroder's From Here to Eternity album. // Events and trends The 1950s in Western society was marked with a sharp rise in the economy for the first time in almost 30 years and return to the 1920s-type consumer society built on credit and boom-times, as well as the height of the baby-boom from returning... The 1960s, or The Sixties, in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1960 and 1969, but the expression has taken on a wider meaning over the past twenty years. ... Electronic music is a loose term for music created using electronic equipment. ... This article mainly describes pop as used in its more recent sense, as a subgenre of popular music. ... 1977 was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1977 calendar). ... Giorgio Moroder Giorgio Moroder (born April 26, 1940 in Ortisei, (Urtijëi in Ladin, St. ... From Here to Eternity is a 1953 movie based on a James Jones novel in which characters work through ordinary bouts of intimidation and infidelity on a military base in the days preceding the attack at Pearl Harbor. ...

There are now many subgenres of electronic music, these include: techno (mechanical sounding dance music featuring little melody and more noise), trance music (with a distinct style of instrumentation focused on complex, uplifting chord progressions and melodies), Goa trance (spawning from industrial music and tribal dance, focusing on creating psychedelic sound effects within the songs), house music (fully electronic disco music), big beat (using older drum loops and more melodic elements sampled and looped), drum and bass (an offshoot of hardcore and Jamaican dancehall, utilizing quick tempos with sampled break beats, most notably the amen break and the funky drummer), gabber or gabba, (a Dutch development on techno, which features extremely high tempos and lots of overdrive and distortion on the music, especially the base drum being distorted into a square wave tone), happy hardcore (a slightly more palatable version of Gabba, fusing elements of drum and bass as well). Of these subgenres, trance and house are probably the most widespread. Techno is a form of electronic music that emerged in the mid-1980s and primarily refers to a particular style developed in and around Detroit and subsequently adopted by European producers. ... Trance music is a subgenre of electronic dance music that developed in the 1990s. ... Goa trance (often referred as Goa or by the number 604) is a form of electronic music and is a style of trance music which originated in the Indian state of Goa, as opposed to most other forms of trance music which appeared in Europe. ... Industrial music is a loose term for a number of different styles of electronic and experimental music. ... House music refers to a collection of styles of electronic dance music, the earliest forms beginning in the early- to mid- 1980s. ... Disco is an up-tempo style of dance music (generally between 110 and 136 beats per minute) that originated in the early 1970s, mainly from funk and soul music, popular with audiences in larger cities all over the world, and derives its name from the French word discothèque (meaning... Big beat (also Big Beat, or sometimes chemical breaks) is a term devised in the mid 1990s by the British music press, as a way of describing the work of The Chemical Brothers, but was defined by the work of Fatboy Slim. ... Drum and bass (drum n bass, drumnbass, DnB, dnb) is an electronic music style. ... Dancehall is a type of Jamaican reggae which developed around 1979, with artists such as Barrington Levy and others who went on to become the Roots Radics. ... ... The funky drummer break is one of the most used sampled drum loops in hip-hop and drum and bass music, together with the amen break, which is more related to drum-and-bass. ... This article or section should include material from Gabber Gabba (pronounced gahbagh or gahbuhr in Dutch) is the slang version of the word gabber, a type of techno music also known as hardcore house. ... This article or section should include material from Gabber Gabba (pronounced gahbagh or gahbuhr in Dutch) is the slang version of the word gabber, a type of techno music also known as hardcore house. ... Happy hardcore is a form of techno music typified by a very fast BPM (usually around 165-180), female vocals, and sweet lyrics. ...

Electronic dance music is often composed to fit easily into a live DJ set. For other meanings of DJ, see DJ (disambiguation). ...

Electronica

Electronic music that does not fall into the new age, techno or dance categories are often referred to as "left-field" or "electronica" (although there are critics who maintain that the term "electronica" is an invention of the media). Styles of electronica include ambient, downtempo, illbient and trip-hop (among countless others, see list of electronic music genres), which are all related in that they usually rely more on their atmospheric qualities than electronic dance music, and make use of slower, more subtle tempos, sometimes excluding rhythm completely. Electronica is a rather ambiguous term that covers a wide range of electronic or electronic-influenced music. ... Ambient music is a loosely defined musical genre that incorporates elements of a number of different styles - including jazz, electronic music, new age, rock and roll, modern classical music, reggae, traditional, world and even noise. ... Downtempo (or Down Tempo, or DownTempo) is a laid-back electronic music style often intended more for listening and socializing than dancing, though some releases are unmistakably produced for the dance floor. ... Illbient music is an offshoot of the intelligent dance music (IDM) movement, similar in style to ambient music but far different in theme. ... Trip hop (also known as the Bristol sound) is a term coined by United Kingdom dance magazine Mixmag, to describe a musical trend in the mid-1990s; trip hop is downtempo electronic music that grew out of Englands hip hop and house scenes. ... Contemporary electronic music includes many different styles or musical genres, such as: Ambient Dark ambient Illbient New Age Psybient Ambient Dub Ambient Goa Ambient House Lowercase (music) Breakbeat Electro Big Beat Breaks Miami Bass Brokenbeat Cut & Paste Florida breaks nu skool breaks Progressive breaks Turntablism Grime Downtempo/IDM Bleep Electroclash...

IDM (an abbreviation for intelligent dance music) is an elusive and confusing genre classification that can only be truly defined by flagbearers and flagburners like Aphex Twin and Autechre. Intelligent dance music (IDM), is an electronic music genre which began as a style of techno in the early 1990s and moved on to include the textures and sound manipulation methods of Musique concrète and early, true industrial bands such as Coil and Nurse With Wound. ... Richard D. James, aka Aphex Twin Aphex Twin (born Richard David James, August 18, 1971, Ireland) is a UK-based electronic music artist, credited with pushing forward the genres of techno, ambient, acid, drum and bass. ... Autechre are an English electronic music group consisting of Rob Brown and Sean Booth, both natives of Rochdale. ...

All electronic music owes at least its historical existence to early pioneers of tape experiments known as musique concrète, such as John Cage, Pierre Schaeffer and Karlheinz Stockhausen, as well as early synthesists like Wendy Carlos, Jean-Michel Jarre, and Morton Subotnick . (See electronic art music). Musique concrète (French; literally, concrete music), is the name given to a class of electronic music produced from editing together fragments of natural and industrial sounds. ... John Cage John Milton Cage (September 5, 1912–August 12, 1992) was an American experimental music composer and writer. ... Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer (August 14, 1910–August 19, 1995) was a French composer, noted as the inventor of musique concrète. ... Karlheinz Stockhausen (born August 22, 1928) is a contemporary composer. ... Wendy Carlos in 1980 Wendy Carlos (born Walter Carlos -- see Personal life section below -- November 14, 1939 in Pawtucket, Rhode Island) is an American composer and electronic musician. ... Jean-Michel circa 1976 Jean-Michel André Jarre (born August 24, 1948 in Lyon, France) is a French composer. ... Morton Subotnick (born 1933) is an American composer of minimal electronic music, best known for his Silver Apples of the Moon, the first electronic work commissioned by a record company, Nonesuch, and composed on the Buchla modular synthesizer which he helped to design. ... Electronic art music is a regrettably vague term for the formal and primarily academic branch of electronic music that is focused on extending musical capabilities through technology. ...

Melodic music

Melodic music is a term that covers various genres of non-classical music which are primarily characterised by the dominance of a single strong melody line. Rhythm, tempo and beat are subordinate to the melody line or tune, which is generally easily memorable, and followed without great difficulty. Melodic music is found in all parts of the world, overlapping many genres, and may be performed by a singer or orchestra, or a combination of the two. Melodic music is a term that covers various genres of non-classical music which are primarily characterised by the dominance of a single strong melody line. ... Look up melody in Wiktionary, the free dictionary In music, a melody is a series of linear events or a succession, not a simultaneity as in a chord. ... Rhythm (Greek ρυθμός = tempo) is the variation of the duration of sounds or other events over time. ... In musical terminology, tempo (Italian for time) is the speed or pace of a given piece. ... See also the beat disambiguation page. ... Tune can refer to: a melody. ... Melbourne Symphony Orchestra Melbourne Symphony Orchestra Orchestra at City Hall (Edmonton). ...

In the west, melodic music has developed largely from folk song sources, and been heavily influenced by classical music in its development and orchestration. In many areas the border line between classical and melodic popular music is imprecise. Opera is generally considered to be a classical form. The lighter operetta is considered borderline, whilst stage and film musicals and musical comedy are firmly placed in the popular melodic category. The reasons for much of this are largely historical. Folk music, in the original sense of the term, is music by and of the people. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... For the use of the term orchestration in computer science, see orchestration (computers) Orchestration or arrangement is the study and practice of arranging music for an orchestra or musical ensemble. ... The foyer of Charles Garniers Opéra, Paris, opened 1875 Opera is an art form consisting of a dramatic stage performance set to music. ... Operetta (literally, little opera) is a performance art-form similar to opera, though it generally deals with less serious topics. ... Musical theater (or theatre) is a form of theater combining music, songs, dance, and spoken dialogue. ... Musical theater (or theatre) is a form of theater combining music, songs, dance, and spoken dialogue. ...

Other major categories of melodic music include music hall and vaudeville, which, along with the ballad, grew out of European folk music. Orchestral dance music developed from localised forms such as the jig, polka and waltz, but with the admixture of Latin American, negro blues and ragtime influences, it diversified into countless sub-genres such as big band, cabaret and Swing. More specialised forms of melodic music include military music, religious music. Also video game music is often melodic. Music Hall is a form of British theatrical entertainment which reached its peak of popularity between 1850 and 1960. ... Vaudeville was a style of multi-act theater which flourished in North America from the 1880s through the 1920s. ... A ballad is a story in song, usually a narrative song or poem. ... This article is about the folk dance jig, for other meanings, see Jig (disambiguation). ... Polka is a type of dance and genre of dance music; it originated in the middle of the 19th century in Bohemia, and is still a common genre of Czech folk music; it is also common both in Europe and in the Americas. ... The waltz is a dance in 3/4 time, done primarily in closed position, the commonest basic figure of which is a full turn in two measures using three steps per measure. ... For the emotional state, see Depression (mood). ... Ragtime is an American musical genre, enjoying its peak popularity around the years 1900–1918. ... A big band, also known as a jazz orchestra, is a large musical ensemble that plays jazz music, especially swing. ... Cabaret is a form of entertainment featuring comedy, song, dance, and theatre, distinguished mainly by the performance venue - a restaurant or nightclub with a stage for performances and the audience sitting around the tables (often dining or drinking) watching the performance. ... Swing music, also known as swing jazz, is a form of jazz music that solidified as a distinctive style during the 1930s in the United States. ... Religious music (also sacred music) is music performed or composed for religious use or through religious influence. ... Outrun (1986) is an arcade game with a famous soundtrack. ...

Traditional pop music overlaps a number of these categories: big band music and musical comedy, for example, are closely allied to traditional pop. mainstream pop music Traditional pop music is a genre of music which encompasses music that succeeded big band music and preceded rock and roll as the most popular kind of music in the United States, most of Europe, and some other parts of the world. ... A big band, also known as a jazz orchestra, is a large musical ensemble that plays jazz music, especially swing. ... Musical theater (or theatre) is a form of theater combining music, songs, dance, and spoken dialogue. ...

Reggae, dub, and related forms

In Jamaica during the 1950s, American R&B was most popular, though mento (a form of folk music) was more common in rural areas. A fusion of the two styles, along with soca and other genres, formed ska, an extremely popular form of music intended for dancing. In the 1960s, reggae and dub emerged from ska and American rock and roll. // Events and trends The 1950s in Western society was marked with a sharp rise in the economy for the first time in almost 30 years and return to the 1920s-type consumer society built on credit and boom-times, as well as the height of the baby-boom from returning... Rhythm and blues (or R & B) is a musical marketing term introduced in the United States in the late 1940s by Billboard magazine. ... Mento is a style of Jamaican folk music that predates and has greatly influenced reggae music. ... Folk music, in the original sense of the term, is music by and of the people. ... Soca is a dance music which is a mix of Trinidads calypso and Indian music and rhythms, especially chutney music -- it is not, as is often said, a fusion of soul and calypso. ... This page is about ska, the musical style. ... The 1960s, or The Sixties, in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1960 and 1969, but the expression has taken on a wider meaning over the past twenty years. ... Reggae is a style of music developed in Jamaica and is closely linked to the Rastafari movement, though not universally popular among Rastafarians. ... Dub is a form of Jamaican music, which developed in the early 1970s. ... Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ...

Starting the late 1960s, a rock-influenced form of music began developing -- this was called rocksteady. With some folk influences (both Jamaican and American), and the growing urban popularity of the Rastafari movement, rocksteady evolved into what is now known as roots reggae. In the 1970s, a style called Lovers rock became popular primarily in the United Kingdom by British performers of ballad-oriented reggae music. The 1970s also saw the emergence of Two Tone in Coventry, England, with bands fusing ska and punk, as well as covering original ska tracks. Punk band The Clash also used Dub and reggae elements. The 1960s, or The Sixties, in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1960 and 1969, but the expression has taken on a wider meaning over the past twenty years. ... This article is about the Jamaican music. ... Folk music, in the original sense of the term, is music by and of the people. ... Haile Selassie I Rasta, or the Rastafari movement of Jah people, is a religious movement that reveres Haile Selassie I, the former emperor of Ethiopia, as King of Kings, Lord of Lords and the Lion of Judah. ... Roots Reggae is the name given to Rastafarian reggae music from Jamaica, which evolved from Ska and Rocksteady and made famous by the legendary singer/songwriter Bob Marley. ... This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ... For the Sade album, Lovers Rock, see Lovers Rock Lovers Rock is Britains main contribution to reggae. ... Two Tone (or 2 Tone) is a style of music created by fusing elements of punk rock and ska. ... The Precinct in Coventry city centre For alternative meanings see: Coventry (disambiguation) Coventry is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Ethnicity... Punk Rock is an anti-establishment music movement that began about 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified by The Ramones,the Misfits, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... The Clash in 1978. ...

Dub emerged in Jamaica when sound system DJs began taking away the vocals from songs so that people could dance to the beat alone. Soon, pioneers like King Tubby and Lee Scratch Perry began adding new vocals over the old beats; the lyrics were rhythmic and rhyme-heavy. After the popularity of reggae died down in the early 1980s, derivatives of dub dominated the Jamaican charts. These included ragga and dancehall, both of which remained popular in Jamaica alone until the mainstream breakthrough of American gangsta rap (which evolved out of dub musicians like DJ Kool Herc moving to American cities). Ragga especially now has many devoted followers throughout the world. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... King Tubby (January 28, 1941 – February 6, 1989), born Cecil Rennie, in 1960 took on the name which is often wrongfully cited as his birth name; Osbourne Ruddock. ... Lee Scratch Perry, The Upsetter in Dub Lee Scratch Perry (born Rainford Hugh Perry March 20, 1936) is one of the most influential people in the development of reggae and dub music in Jamaica. ... // Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 60s and 70s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ... Raggamuffin (or ragga) is a kind of reggae that includes digitized backing instrumentation. ... Dancehall is a type of Jamaican reggae which developed around 1979, with artists such as Barrington Levy and others who went on to become the Roots Radics. ... Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop music which involves a lyrical focus on the lifestyles of inner-city thugs, criminals and gangsters. ... Categories: People stubs | Hip hop musicians | Hip hop DJs | 1955 births ...

Reggaeton is a fusion of reggae and rap, popular in Latin America, but gradually appearing in the mainstream charts. Daddy Yankee, a reggaeton artist. ... Rap may refer to one of the following: Rap or rap music is commonly used as a synonym for the musical genre of hip hop music Rapping is a form of rhythmically delivered rhyming lyrics; it is one of the elements of hip hop culture, as well as the distinguishing... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... Mainstream is, generally, the common current of thought. ...

Punk music

Punk rock is a subgenre of rock music. The term "punk music" can only rarely be applied without any controversy. Perhaps the only bands always considered "punk" are the first wave of punk bands, such as the Clash, The Sex Pistols and the Ramones. Before this, however, a series of underground musicians helped define the music throughout the 1970s -- see Forerunners of punk music. Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... List of Early Punk bands (1976-1985) See also: List of musicians by genre Adam & the Ants Abrasive Wheels The Adicts The Adverts The Afrika Korps Alternative TV Angelic Upstarts Anti-Nowhere League Anti-Pasti The art attacks The Angry Samoans The Avengers Bad Brains Bad Religion The Bags Big... The Clash in 1978. ... The Sex Pistols in 1977. ... The Ramones (L-R, Johnny, Tommy, Joey, Dee Dee) on the cover of their debut self-titled album (1976), cementing their place at the dawn of the punk movement. ... This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ... List of Pre-Punk Bands or Proto punk groups (ca. ...

Punk is often considered especially important for its "Do-it-yourself" philosophy. Many punk musicians encouraged their fans and audience members to learn to play instruments and form their own bands, and doing so was implicitly encouraged by the apparent simplicity of the music. Since punk bands were often ignored by major labels and major music media, many musicians and fans started their own independent record labels to distribute the music and fanzines to write about it. The DIY ethic refers to the idea of doing it yourself, i. ... The following is a partial list of record labels, both past and present. ... The concept of an independent record label is a record label operating without the funding of one of the major record labels, which are generally defined to be the handful of media corporations which have recently dominated the recorded music industry in the West. ... A fanzine (see also: zine) is a nonprofessional publication produced by fans of a particular subject for the pleasure of others who share their interest. ...

While "punk" could originally be considered a rather generic term for "non-commercial" or "underground" rock music (Blondie, Siouxie and the Banshees and Television were often called "punk" bands), the growth of the "punk" scene during the early 1980s led to an increasing number of sub-genres, as bands, critics and fans attempted to more clearly define and describe the acts. The definitions of the many sub-genres, and the question of which groups belong in which sub-genres, is often a subject of heated debate. Cover of the 1976 album Blondie Blondie is a rock band that first gained fame in the 1970s and early 1980s. ... Siouxsie and the Banshees are a British gothic rock band. ...

These "sub-genres" can be roughly grouped into four general styles -- hardcore punk, New Wave, post-punk and alternative rock. See those articles and their associated categories (look near the bottom of the article pages) for more information on the many punk sub-genres. Hardcore punk (or hardcore) is an intensified version of punk rock usually characterized by short, loud, and often angry songs with exceptionally fast tempos and chord changes. ... New Wave is a term that has been used to describe many developments in music, but is most commonly associated with a movement in American, Australian and British popular music, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, growing out of the New York City punk rock scene, itself centered around... Post punk generally refers to the particularly fertile and creative period following the initial punk rock explosion. During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1976-1983, bands such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock... The terms alternative rock and alternative music1 were coined in the early 1980s to describe punk rock-inspired music genres which didnt fit into the mainstream genres of the time. ...

Hip hop / Rap

Hip hop music (also commonly referred to as "rap") can be seen as a subgenre of R&B tradition (see above). Hip hop began in inner cities in the US in the 1970s. The earliest recordings, from the late-1970s and early 1980s, are now referred to as old school hip hop. In the later part of the decade, regional styles developed. East Coast hip hop, based out of New York City, was by far the most popular as hip hop began to break into the mainstream. West Coast hip hop, based out of Los Angeles, was by far less popular until 1992, when Dr. Dre's The Chronic revolutionized the West Coast sound, using slow, stoned, lazy beats in what came to be called G Funk. Soon after, a host of other regional styles became popular, most notably Southern rap, based out of Atlanta and New Orleans, primarily. Atlanta-based performers like OutKast and Goodie Mob soon developed their own distinct sound, which came to be known as Dirty South. As hip hop became more popular in the mid-1990s, alternative hip hop gained in popularity among critics and long-time fans of the music. Hip hop music is a style of popular music. ... Hip hop is a cultural movement that began amongst urban African American youth in New York and has since spread around the world. ... This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ... This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ... // Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 60s and 70s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ... Old school hip hop is the very first hip hop to come out of the block parties of New York City in the 1970s and early 1980s. ... In the early 1990s, two styles of hip hop were popular. ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the United States, and is at the center of international finance, politics, entertainment, and culture. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The City of Los Angeles (from Spanish Los Ángeles , meaning the angels), also known as L.A., is the second-largest city in the United States in terms of population, as well as one of the worlds most important economic, cultural, and entertainment centers. ... See also: 1991 in music, other events of 1992, 1993 in music, 1990s in music and the list of years in music // Events 1992 was a pivotal year in the development of music. ... Dr. Dre This article is about the Los Angeles rapper and producer Dr Dre. ... The Chronic is the debut solo album from American gangsta rapper Dr. Dre. ... G-funk, or Gangsta-funk, is a type of hip hop music that emerged from West Coast gangsta rap in the early 1990s. ... Southern rap (or Dirty South hip-hop) is a type of hip hop music that emerged in the late-1980s as a popular force, based out of Miami first, then extending to Atlanta, New Orleans, and St. ... This article is about the state capital of Georgia. ... New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ... André 3000 and Big Boi of OutKast OutKast is a popular and successful American hip hop duo based out of Atlanta, Georgia. ... Goodie Mob is one of the premiere hip hop acts to come out of the Dirty South. ... Dirty South is a style of rap music that popped up in the latter half of the 1990s. ... // Events and trends The 1990s are generally classified as having moved slightly away from the more conservative 1980s, but otherwise retaining the same mindset. ... Alternative hip hop (also known as underground hip hop, underground rap, or Backpacker rap) is a style of hip hop music distinguished by socio-political lyrics, sparse beats that sample few and/or unusual sources(see jazz rap), often include live instrumentation, and uniquely positive rhymes. ...

De La Soul's 3 Feet High and Rising (1989) was perhaps the first "alternative hip hop" blockbuster, and helped develop a specific style called jazz rap, characterized by the use of live instrumentation and/or jazz samples. Other less popular forms of hip hop include various non-American varieties; Japan, Britain, Mexico, Sweden, Finland, France, Germany, Italy and Turkey have vibrant hip hop communities. In Puerto Rico, a style called reggaeton is popular. Electro hip hop was invented in the 1980s, but is distinctly different from most old school hip hop (as is go go, another old style). Some other genres have been created by fusing hip hop with techno (trip hop) and heavy metal (rapcore). In the late 1980s, Miami's hip hop scene was characterized by bass-heavy grooves designed for dancing -- Miami bass music. There are also rappers with Christian themes in the lyrics -- this is Christian hip hop. Album cover of 3 Feet High and Rising De La Soul is a massively influential alternative hip hop group, best known for their eclectic sampling and quirky, surreal lyrics, and their contributions to the evolution of the jazz rap subgenre. ... 3 Feet High and Rising is the debut album from American hip hop trio De La Soul. ... See also: 1988 in music, other events of 1989, 1990 in music, 1980s in music and the list of years in music // Events January 7 - Genesis88 and Sunrise/Back to the Future stage large-scale illegal Acid House party in London January 14 - Paul McCartney releases Back in the... Alternative hip hop (also known as underground hip hop, underground rap, or Backpacker rap) is a style of hip hop music distinguished by socio-political lyrics, sparse beats that sample few and/or unusual sources(see jazz rap), often include live instrumentation, and uniquely positive rhymes. ... Jazz rap is a fusion of alternative hip hop music and jazz, developed in the very late 1980s and early 1990s. ... Jazz is a musical art form characterized by blue notes, syncopation, swing, call and response, polyrhythms, and improvisation. ... Daddy Yankee, a reggaeton artist. ... Alternate meanings: See Go go (disambiguation) Go Go is a form of funk music which arose in the 1980s in Washington D.C.. In the late 1970s, funk had gone electronic, influenced by then popular disco acts, and began using drum machines, synthesizers and other instruments that many purists derided. ... Techno is a form of electronic music that emerged in the mid-1980s and primarily refers to a particular style developed in and around Detroit and subsequently adopted by European producers. ... Trip hop (also known as the Bristol sound) is a term coined by United Kingdom dance magazine Mixmag, to describe a musical trend in the mid-1990s; trip hop is downtempo electronic music that grew out of Englands hip hop and house scenes. ... Heavy metal is a form of music characterised by aggressive, driving rhythms and highly amplified distorted guitars, generally with grandiose lyrics and virtuosic instrumentation. ... Rapcore today is a fusion of hardcore punk and heavy metal music aesthetics with hip hop music. ... This article is about the city in Florida. ... Miami bass (booty bass, bass music) is a form of music known for deep, throbbing beats, hyperkinetic rhythms and, often, sexually explicit lyrics. ... Cross Movement Christian hip hop is a form of hip hop music that uses Christian-themed lyrics as a tool for expressing the songwriters faith. ...

Contemporary African music

Since the 1960s, most African popular music incorporates traditional local vocal, instrumental, and percussive styles, but also draws heavily on rock, reggae, and/or hip hop. For example raï, which originated in Algeria and spread throughout North Africa and to the North African diaspora, especially in France, began with topical songs based in the local traditional music, but, starting around 1980, began to incorporate elements of hip hop. Raï (Arabic: راي) is a form of folk music, originated in Oran, Algeria from Bedouin shepherds, mixed with Spanish, French, African-American and Arabic musical forms, which dates back to the 1930s and has been evolved by women mainly. ... A topical song is a song that comments on current political and social events. ...

Other notable contemporary African genres include Zulu jive (South Africa), highlife (Ghana) and in Nigeria juju music (now nearly a century old, and constantly evolving) and Afrobeat. Many African countries have also developed their own versions of reggae and hip hop. Highlife is a type of music that originated in Ghana and spread to other West African English-speaking countries near the end of the 19th century. ... Juju is a kind of Nigerian popular music, derived from traditional Yoruban percussion. ... Afrobeat is a combination of American funk rhythms fused with African percussion and vocal styles, popularized in Africa in the mid to late 1960s. ...

References

• van der Merwe, Peter (1989). Origins of the Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Popular Music. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0193161214.