Genroku (元禄, Genroku^?) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō,^?, lit. "year name") after Jōkyō and before Hōei. This period spanned the years from 1688 through 1704. The reigning emperor was Higashiyama-tennō (東山天皇, Higashiyama-tennō^?).^[1] Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. ... A year (from Old English gÄ“r) is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the orbit of the Earth around the Sun. ... Jōkyō (貞享) was a Japanese era after Tenna and before Genroku and spanned from 1684 to 1688. ... Hōei (Japanese:宝永) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. ... // Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ... Events Building of the Students Monument in Aiud, Romania. ... Emperor Higashiyama (東山天皇) (October 21, 1675 - January 16, 1710) was the 113th imperial ruler of Japan. ... Emperor Higashiyama (東山天皇) (October 21, 1675 - January 16, 1710) was the 113th imperial ruler of Japan. ...

The years of Genroku are generally considered to be the Golden Age of the Edo Period. The previous hundred years of peace and seclusion in Japan had created relative economic stability. The arts and architecture flourished. There were unanticipated consequences when the shogunate debased the quality of coins as a strategy for financing the appearance of continuing Genroku affluence. This strategic miscalculation caused abrupt inflation. Then, in an effort to solve the ensuing crisis, the bakufu introduced what were called the Kyoho Reforms. The Edo period ), also called Tokugawa period, is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868. ... This page is about the Japanese ruler and military rank. ... For the James Clavell novel, see Shogun or for the TV Miniseries. ... The Kyōhō reforms (享保の改革) were a set of reforms instigated by the eighth shogun of Japan, Tokugawa Yoshimune, that lasted from the beginning of his reign in 1716 until 1736. ...

Change of era

• Genroku gannen (元禄元年, Genroku gannen^?); 1688: The new era name was created to mark the beginning of the reign of Higashiyama. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Jōkyō 5, on the 30th day of the 9th month.

A sense of optimism is suggested in the era name choice of Genroku (meaning "Original happiness"). // Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ... Emperor Higashiyama (東山天皇) (October 21, 1675 - January 16, 1710) was the 113th imperial ruler of Japan. ...

Events of the Genroku era

• Genroku gannen or Genroku 1 (1688):
  • G1, 1st month: Ihara Saikaku publishes Japan's Eternal Treasury.
  • G1, 11th month: Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu assumes the office of Soba Yōnin.
  • Opening up of new territory on Dōjima in Ōsaka becomes possible.
• Genroku 1 (1688): The Tokugawa shogunate revised the code of conduct for funerals (Fuku-kiju-ryō), which incorporated a code of conduct for mourning as well.^[2]

• Genroku 2 (1689):
  • G2, 4th month: Foreign settlements in Nagasaki become possible.
  • G2 (September 16, 1689): German physician Engelbert Kaempfer arrives at Dejima for the first time. Bakufu policy in this era was designed to marginalize the influence of foreigners in Genroku Japan; and Kaempfer had to present himself as "Dutch" in dealings with the Japanese. Regardless of this minor subterfuge, an unintended and opposite consequence of sakoku was to enhance the value and significance of a very small number of thoughtful observers like Kaempfer, whose writings document what he learned or discovered first-hand. Kaempfer's published accounts and unpublished writings provided a unique and useful perspective for Orientalists and Japanologists in the 19th century; and his work continues to be rigorously examined by modern researchers today.^[3]
• Genroku 3 (1690):
  • G3, 10th month: The Abandoned Child Ban was officially proclaimed.
• Genroku 5 (1692):
  • Building of temples in Edo banned.
• Genroku 6 (1693):
  • G6, 12th month: Arai Hakuseki becomes tutor to the daimyō of Kōfu-han, the future Shōgun Tokugawa Ienobu.
• Genroku 6 (1693): The code of conduct for funerals is revised again.^[4]
• Genroku 8 (1695):
  • G8, 2nd month: Land survey performed of territory under the direct control of the bakufu in Kantō.
  • G8, 8th month: Minting begun of Genroku coinage.
  • G8, 11th month: First kennel is established for stray dogs in Edo. In this context, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi comes to be nicknamed "the Dog Shogun" (いぬくぼう 犬公方, "Inu-kubō').
• G10 (1697): The fourth official map of Japan was made in this year, but it was considered to be inferior to the previous one -- which had been ordered in Shōhō 1 (1605 and completed in Kan'ei 16 (1639}. This Genroku map was corrected in Kyōhō 4 (1619) by the mathematician Tatebe Katahiro (1644-1739), using high mountain peaks as points of reference, and was drawn to a scale of 1:21,600.^[5]
• G10 (1697): Great fire in Edo.^[1] Five-storied Pagoda
• G11 (1698): Another great fire in Edo. A new hall is constructed inside the enclosure of the Edo temple of Kan'ei-ji (which is also known as Tōeizan Kan’ei-ji or "Hiei-san of the east" after the principal temple of the Tendai Buddhist sect -- that is to say, after the temple of Enryaku-ji at Mount Hiei near to Heian-kyo).^[1]

• Genroku 13 (1700):
  • G13, 11th month: Exchange rate of silver coins established.
• Genroku 16 (1703):
  • G16, 3rd month: Ōishi Yoshio commits seppuku.
  • G16, 5th month: First performance of Chikamatsu Monzaemon's play Double Suicide of Sonezaki.
  • G16, on the 28th day of the 11th month (1703): Great Genroku Earthquake shook Edo; and the following day, a vast fire spread throughout the city^[1], killing 37,000 people. ja:元禄大地震

// Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ... Ihara Saikaku (井原 西鶴, 1642-1693) was a Japanese poet and creator of the floating world genre of Japanese prose. ... Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu (柳沢吉保, 1658 – 1714) was a member of the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan. ... Osaka )   is a city in Japan, located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, in the Kansai region of the main island of HonshÅ«. The city is the capital of Osaka Prefecture. ... // Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ... The Tokugawa shogunate or Tokugawa bakufu (徳川幕府) (also known as the Edo bakufu) was a feudal military dictatorship of Japan established in 1603 by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family until 1868. ... Year 1689 (MDCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Nagasaki ) ( ) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan. ... For other uses, see Doctor. ... Engelbert Kaempfer (September 16, 1651 - November 2, 1716) was a German traveller and physician. ... For the sumo wrester Dejima see Dejima Takeharu, see Dejima (disambiguation). ... The following text needs to be harmonized with text in the article History of Japan#Seclusion. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Japanese Studies and Japanology both are terms generally used in Europe to describe the historical and cultural study of Japan; in North America, the academic field is usually referred to as Japanese Studies, which includes contemporary social sciences as well as classical humanistic fields. ... Events Giovanni Domenico Cassini observes differential rotation within Jupiters atmosphere. ... Events February 13 - Massacre of Glencoe March 1 - The Salem witch trials begin in Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony with the charging of three women with witchcraft. ... Edo (Japanese: , literally: bay-door, estuary, pronounced //), once also spelled Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of the Japanese capital Tokyo. ... Events January 11 - Eruption of Mt. ... Arai Hakuseki (新井 白石 March 24, 1657-June 29, 1725) is a Confucianist, poet and politician in Japan during the middle of Edo Period, who advised the Shogun, Ienobu. ... Daimyo Matsudaira Katamori visits the residence of a retainer. ... Kofu (甲府市; Kōfu-shi) is the capital city of Yamanashi, Japan. ... // Han in China Chinese (æ¼¢), an abbreviation or adjectival modifier for things Chinese. ... Minamoto no Yoritomo, the first shogun of the Kamakura shogunate Shōgun )   is supreme general of the samurai,a military rank and historical title in Japan. ... Tokugawa Ienobu (1662–1712) was the sixth shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan. ... Events January 11 - Eruption of Mt. ... Jan. ... Kantō region, Japan The Kantō region (Japanese: 関東地方, Kantō-chihō) is a geographical area of HonshÅ«, the largest island in Japan. ... Edo (Japanese: , literally: bay-door, estuary, pronounced //), once also spelled Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of the Japanese capital Tokyo. ... Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (February 23, 1646–February 19, 1709) was the fifth shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. ... Events September 11 - Battle of Zenta, Prince Eugene of Savoy crushed Ottoman army of Mustafa II September 20 - The Treaty of Ryswick December 2 – St Pauls Cathedral opened in London Peter the Great travels in Europe officially incognito as artilleryman Pjotr Mikhailov Use of palanquins increases in Europe Christopher... For the aircraft carrier, see Japanese aircraft carrier Shōhō. Shōhō (正保) was a Japanese era after Kanei and before Keian and spanned from 1644 to 1648. ... 1605 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events January 14 - Connecticuts first constitution, the Fundamental Orders, is adopted. ... Kyōhō (享保) was a Japanese era after Shōtoku and before Gembun and spanned from 1716 to 1736. ... Events May 13 - Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after having been accused of treason. ... Events September 11 - Battle of Zenta, Prince Eugene of Savoy crushed Ottoman army of Mustafa II September 20 - The Treaty of Ryswick December 2 – St Pauls Cathedral opened in London Peter the Great travels in Europe officially incognito as artilleryman Pjotr Mikhailov Use of palanquins increases in Europe Christopher... Events January 4 - Palace of Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire. ... Pagoda of Kanei-ji Kanei-ji ) is a Tendai Buddhist temple in Tokyo, founded in 1625 by Tenkai. ... Pagoda of Kanei-ji Kanei-ji ) is a Tendai Buddhist temple in Tokyo, founded in 1625 by Tenkai. ... Tendai (Japanese: 天台宗, Tendai-shÅ«) is a Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism, a descendant of the Chinese Tiantai or Lotus Sutra school. ... A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by... Konpon-chudo Enryaku-ji (Japanese: 延暦寺), a monastery on Mount Hiei overlooking Kyoto, was founded during the late eighth and early ninth centuries by Saicho (767–822), also known as Dengyo Daishi, who introduced the Tendai sect to Japan from China. ... Mount Hiei (Jp. ... Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ... This article is about the chemical element. ... This article is about monetary coins. ... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... Statue of ÅŒishi Yoshio at Sengakuji in Tokyo ÅŒishi Yoshio 1659 - March 20, 1703) was the karō of the Akō han in Harima Province (now Hyōgo Prefecture), Japan (1679 - 1701). ... Seppuku (Japanese: 切腹, belly-cutting) is a form of Japanese ritual suicide by disembowelment. ... Statue of Chikamatsu Monzaemon at Amagasaki, Hyogo Chikamatsu Monzaemon (Japanese: 近松門左衛門; real name Sugimori Nobumori, 杉森信盛, 1653–6 January 1725) was a Japanese dramatist of jōruri, the form of puppet theater that later came to be known as bunraku, and the live-actor drama, kabuki. ... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ...

Prominent figures of the Genroku era

• Chikamatsu Monzaemon - jōruri playwright
• Ichikawa Danjūrō I, Sakata Tōjūrō I, Yoshizawa Ayame I - kabuki actors
• Ihara Saikaku - novelist
• Arai Hakuseki - Confucian scholar and shogunal advisor
• The Forty-seven Ronin
• Ogata Korin and Ogata Kenzan - Rinpa school artists
• Torii Kiyonobu, Hishikawa Moronobu, Miyagawa Chōshun - ukiyo-e artists

Statue of Chikamatsu Monzaemon at Amagasaki, Hyogo Chikamatsu Monzaemon (Japanese: 近松門左衛門; real name Sugimori Nobumori, 杉森信盛, 1653–6 January 1725) was a Japanese dramatist of jōruri, the form of puppet theater that later came to be known as bunraku, and the live-actor drama, kabuki. ... Bunraku (Japanese: 文楽), also known as Ningyō jōruri (人形浄瑠璃), is a form of traditional Japanese puppet theater, founded in Osaka in 1684. ... Ichikawa DanjÅ«rō I (初代市川段十郎[1], shodai Ichikawa DanjÅ«rō) (1660-1704) was an early kabuki actor in Japan. ... Yoshizawa Ayame I (初代 吉沢 菖蒲)(1673-15 July 1729) was an early Kabuki actor, and the most celebrated onnagata (specialist in female roles) of his time. ... Ihara Saikaku (井原 西鶴, 1642-1693) was a Japanese poet and creator of the floating world genre of Japanese prose. ... Arai Hakuseki (新井 白石 March 24, 1657-June 29, 1725) is a Confucianist, poet and politician in Japan during the middle of Edo Period, who advised the Shogun, Ienobu. ... Incense burns at the burial graves of the 47 Ronin at Sengaku-ji. ... Ogata Korin (尾形 光琳, ca. ... Ogata Kenzan (尾形 乾山, 1663 - 1743), originally Ogata Shinsei, and also known by the pseudonym Shisui, was a Japanese potter and painter. ... Spring Landscape, unknown Rimpa school painter, 18th century, six-screen ink and gold on paper. ... Courtesan painting a screen, 18th century ukiyo-e woodblock print by Kiyonobu. ... Hishikawa Moronobu (1618-1694) was the son of a well-respected dyer and gold- and silver-thread embroiderer in the village of Hodamura, Awa Province, near Edo Bay. ... Miyagawa Chōshun (宮川長春)(1683-1753) was a Japanese painter in the ukiyo-e style. ... View of Mount Fuji from Numazu, part of the Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō series by Hiroshige, published 1850 Ukiyo-e ), pictures of the floating world, is a genre of Japanese woodblock prints (or woodcuts) and paintings produced between the 17th and the 20th centuries, featuring motifs of...

References

• Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-700-71720-X
• Smith, Robert John and Richard K. Beardsley. (2004). Japanese Culture: Its Development And Characteristics. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-4153-3039-4
• Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Click link for digitized, full-text copy of this book (in French)
• Traganeou, Jilly. (2004). The Tokaido Road: Traveling and Representation in Edo and Meiji Japan. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-4153-1091-1

For people named Routledge, see Routledge (surname). ... Routledge is an imprint for books in the humanities part of the Taylor & Francis Group, which also has Brunner-Routledge, RoutledgeCurzon and RoutledgeFalmer divisions. ... Isaac Titsingh (born 10 January 1745 in Amsterdam, died 2 February 1812 in Paris) [1]. Dutch surgeon, scholar, merchant-trader and ambassador. ... Hayashi Gahō (林鵞峰) (1618 – 1688) was a Japanese Neo-Confucian scholar, teacher and administrator in the system of higher education maintained by the Tokugawa bakufu during the Edo period. ... Nihon odai ichiran , Table of the rulers of Japan) is a 17th century chronicle of the serial reigns of Japanese emperors with brief notes about some of the noteworthy events or other happenings during each period. ... Julius Heinrich Klaproth (1783-1835), German Orientalist and traveller, was born in Berlin in October of 1783, the son of the chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. ... Article 90a of the bylaws of the Royal Asiatic Society. ... Tōkaidō in 1865. ... For people named Routledge, see Routledge (surname). ...

See also

• An'ei -- Carl Peter Thunberg, Isaac Titsingh
• Bunsei -- Philipp Franz von Siebold

Anei (安永) was a Japanese era after Meiwa and before Tenmei and spanned from 1772 to 1781. ... Carl Peter Thunberg (November 11, 1743 _ August 8, 1828) was a Swedish naturalist. ... Isaac Titsingh (born 10 January 1745 in Amsterdam, died 2 February 1812 in Paris) [1]. Dutch surgeon, scholar, merchant-trader and ambassador. ... Bunsei (Japanese: 文政) was a Japanese era after Bunka and before Tenpō. This period spanned the years from April 22, 1818 through December 10, 1830. ... statue in Akashicho (near Tsukiji), chuo-ku,Tokyo Japan Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold (February 17, 1796 in Würzburg - October 18, 1866 in Munich) was a German physician. ...

External links

• National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection