The gens Claudia was one of the oldest families in ancient Rome, and for centuries its members were regularly leaders of the city and empire.

The family was traditionally held to have begun with Attius Clausus, a Sabine who favored peace with Rome, an unpopular position that led to him leaving Regillus with his followers around 504 BC. Rome was welcoming however, making his followers citizens and giving them land, and making Appius Claudius Sabinus (as his name was said in the Roman dialect) a senator.

Clodius was a "plebeian" spelling used by some members of the gens, while Claudia (and Clodia) were the forms used by women.

• Appius Claudius Sabinus, founder
• Appius Claudius Crassus(?), decemvir ca 450 BC, consul 445 BC
• Caius Claudius, consul 454(?)
• Appius Claudius P.f. Crassus Inregillensis, consul 346 BC
• M. Claudius C.f. Marcellus, consul 329 BC
• Appius Claudius Caecus, consul 307 BC, 297 BC (or 296 BC)
• M. Claudius M.f. Marcellus, consul 288 BC
• C. Claudius M.f. Canina, consul 286 BC, 274 BC
• C. (or K.) Quinctius L.f. Claudus, consul 272 BC
• Ap. Claudius Ap.f. Russus, consul 269 BC
• Appius Claudius Caudex, consul 265 BC
• Publius Claudius Pulcher, consul 249 BC, lost the battle of Drepana
• C. Claudius Ap.f. (Caecus f.?) Centho, consul 240 BC
• Marcus Claudius Marcellus, consul 222 BC, suffect 215 BC, 214 BC, 210 BC, 208 BC
• Quintus Claudius, tribune 218 BC
• Ap. Claudius P.f. Pulcher, consul 212 BC
• C. Claudius Ti.f. Nero, consul 207 BC
• Ti. Claudius P.f. Nero, consul 202 BC
• M. Claudius M.f. Marcellus, consul 196 BC
• Ap. Claudius Ap.f. Pulcher, consul 185 BC
• P. Claudius Ap.f. Pulcher, consul 184 BC
• M. Claudius M.f. Marcellus, consul 183 BC
• Gaius Claudius Pulcher, consul 177 BC
• M. Claudius Marcellus, consul 166 BC, 155 BC, 152 BC
• Appius Claudius Pulcher, consul 144 BC (or 143 BC)
• Gaius Claudius Pulcher, consul 92 BC
• Appius Claudius Pulcher, consul 77 BC (or 79 BC?)
• Quintus Claudius Quadrigarius, historian
• Appius Claudius Pulcher, consul 54 BC
• Marcus Claudius Marcellus, consul 51 BC
• Gaius Claudius Marcellus, consul 51 BC, 50 BC

Note: Consul of 51bc, was a cousin of the same name to the above.

• Appius Claudius Pulcher, consul 38 BC
• Marcus Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus, consul 22 BC
• Nero Claudius Drusus, consul 9 BC
• Tiberius Claudius Nero, father of the emperor Tiberius
• Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar (Tiberius), emperor
• Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus (Claudius I), emperor
• Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar (Nero), emperor
• Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy), Greek astronomer
• Claudius Civilis, led a revolt in 69
• L. Catilius Severus Iulianus Claudius Reginus, consul 120
• M. Gavius Claudius Squilla Gallicanus, consul 127
• L. Uibullius Hipparchus Ti. Claudius Atticus Herodes, consul 143
• Cn. Claudius Severus Arabianus, consul 146
• Cn. Claudius Severus, consul 173
• Ti. Claudius Pompeianus, consul 173
• Maternus Ti. Claudius, consul 185
• Ti. Claudius Seuerus Proculus, consul 200
• Ap. Claudius Iulianus, consul 224
• Claudius Pompeianust, consul 231
• Cn. Claudius Seuerus, consul 235
• L. Ti. Claudius Aurelius Quintianus, consul 235
• Claudius Aelianus (Aelian)
• Claudius Galenus (Galen), Greek physician
• Claudius II ("Gothicus"), emperor
• Marcus Claudius Tacitus, emperor
• T. Claudius M. Aurelius Aristobulus, consul 285
• Flauius Claudius Constantinus Caesar (Constantine II), emperor
• Flavius Claudius Julianus (Julian), emperor
• Claudius Mamertinus, consul 362
• Sex. Claudius Petronius Probus, consul 371
• Flauius Claudius Antonius, consul 382
• Claudius Claudianus (Claudian), poet
• Imp. Caesar Flauius Claudius Constantinus Augustus (Constantine III), emperor
• Claudius Iulius Eclesius Dynamius, consul 488

Claudius Salmasius is "Claude Saumaise" Latinized, as was formerly common for European scholars.

See also: Julio-Claudian dynasty