Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor (7 March 1886 - 27 June 1975) was a physicist, mathematician and expert on fluid dynamics and wave theory. He has been described as "one of the greatest physical scientists of the 20th century". March 7 is the 66th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (67th in Leap years). ... 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 187 days remaining. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... Fluid dynamics is the subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that studies fluids (liquids and gases) in motion. ... This article is about waves in the most general sense; a separate article focuses on ocean waves. ...

Born St. John's Wood, London his father was an artist and his mother came from a family of mathematicians. Taylor followed in the latter's footsteps reading mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge. As a child he had become fascinated by science after attending the Royal Institution Christmas lectures and had performed experiments using paint rollers and sticky-tape. St Johns Wood is a district in the City of Westminster in London near Regents Park. ... The Houses of Parliament and the clock tower containing Big Ben Part of the London skyline viewed from the South Bank London is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. ... Full name The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity Motto Virtus vera nobilitas Virtue is true Nobility Named after The Holy Trinity Previous names Kings Hall and Michaelhouse (until merged in 1546) Established 1546 Sister College(s) Christ Church Master The Lord Rees of Ludlow Location Trinity Street... The Royal Institution of Great Britain was set up in 1799 by the leading British scientists of the age, including Henry Cavendish and its first president George Finch, the 9th Earl of Winchilsea, for diffusing the knowledge, and facilitating the general introduction, of useful mechanical inventions and improvements; and for...

His first paper was on quanta and he followed this up with work on shock waves winning a Smith's Prize. In 1910 he was elected to a Fellowship at Trinity College and the following year he was appointed to a meteorology post, becoming Reader in Dynamical Meteorology. His work on turbulence in the atmosphere led the publication of 'Turbulent motion in fluids' which won him the Adams Prize in 1915. In physics quanta is the plural of quantum. ... In fluid dynamics, a shock wave is a nonlinear or discontinuous pressure wave. ... -1... Satellite image of Hurricane Hugo with a polar low visible at the top of the image. ... In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by semi-random, stochastic property changes. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1913 Taylor served as a meteorologist aboard the Ice Patrol vessel Scotia where his observations formed the basis of his later work on a theoretical model of turbulent mixing of the air. At the outbreak of World War I he was sent to the Royal Aircraft Factory at Farnborough to apply his knowledge to aircraft design, working, amongst other things, on the stress on propeller shafts. Not content to simply sit back and do the science he learned to fly aeroplanes and make parachute jumps. 1913 (MCMXIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... World War I, also known as the First World War, and (before 1939) the Great War, the War of the Nations, and the War to End All Wars, was a world conflict lasting from August 1914 to the final Armistice (cessation of hostilities) on November 11, 1918. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Farnborough is a town in the Rushmoor borough of Hampshire in South East England. ...

After the war Taylor returned to Trinity working on an application of turbulent flow to oceanography. He also worked on the problem of bodies passing through a rotating fluid. In 1923 he was appointed to a Royal Society research professorship as a Yarrow Research Professor. This enabled him to stop teaching which he had been doing for the previous four years and which he both disliked and had no great aptitude for. It was in this period that he did his most wide ranging work on the mechanics of fluids and solids including research on the deformation of crystalline materials which led on from his war work at Farnborough. He also produced another major contribution to turbulent flow, where he introduced a new approach through a statistical study of velocity fluctuations. To meet Wikipedias quality standards and appeal to a wider international audience, this article may require cleanup. ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The premises of the Royal Society in London. ... Turbulent flow around an obstacle; the flow further away is laminar Laminar and turbulent water flow over the hull of a submarine Turbulence creating a vortex on an airplane wing In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by low-momentum diffusion, high momentum convection, and...

In 1934, Taylor, roughly contemporarily with Michael Polanyi and Egon Orowan, realised that the plastic deformation of ductile materials could be explained in terms of the theory of dislocations developed by Vito Volterra in 1905. The insight was critical in developing the modern science of solid mechanics. 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Michael Polanyi (March 11, 1891 - February 22, 1976) was a Hungarian/ British polymath whose thought and work extended across physical chemistry, economics, and philosophy. ... Egon Orowan (in Hungarian Orován Egon) (August 2, 1901 — August 3, 1989) was an Hungarian/US physicist and metallurgist. ... In physics and materials science, plasticity is a property of a material to undergo a non-reversible change of shape in response to an applied force. ... Ductility is the physical property of being capable of sustaining large plastic deformations without fracture (in metals, such as being drawn into a wire). ... For the syntaxic operation, see Dislocation (syntax) For the medical term, see Dislocation (medicine) In materials science a dislocation is a linear crystallographic defect, or irregularity, in crystal structure. ... Vito Volterra (May 3, 1860 - October 11, 1940) was an Italian mathematician and physicist, best known for his contributions to mathematical biology. ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Solid mechanics is the branch of physics and mathematics that concern the behavior of solid matter under external actions (e. ...

During World War II Taylor again worked on applications of his expertise to military problems such as the propagation of blast waves, studying both waves in the air and underwater explosions. These skills were put at the service of scientists at Los Alamos when Taylor was sent to the United States as part of the British delegation to the Manhattan project between 1944 and 1945. In 1944 he also received his knighthood and the Copley Medal from the Royal Society. Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 8 million military deaths {{{notes}}} World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a military conflict that took place between 1939 and 1945. ... Los Alamos National Laboratory, aerial view from 1995. ... Control panels and operators for calutrons at the Y-12 Plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Copley Medal is a scientific award for work in any field of science, the highest award granted by the Royal Society of London. ... The premises of the Royal Society in London. ...

Taylor continued his research after the end of the War serving on the Aeronautical Research Committee and working on the development of supersonic aircraft. Though technically retiring in 1952 he continued researching for the next twenty years concentrating on problems which could be attacked using simple equipment. This led to advances such a method of measuring the second coefficient of viscosity. Taylor devised an incompressible liquid with separated gas bubbles suspended in it. The dissipation of the gas in the liquid during expansion was a consequence of the shear viscosity of the liquid. Thus the bulk viscosity could be easily calculated. Other late work included the longitudinal dispersion in flow in tubes, movement through porous surfaces and the dynamics of sheets of liquids. The Aeronautical Research Committee was a UK government committee established in 1919 in order to coordinate aeronautical research and education following World War I. Its scope was both military and civil applications. ... This page is about high speed motion of bodies such as airplanes through air or other fluids. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The pitch drop experiment at the University of Queensland. ...

Aspects of Taylor's life often found expression in his work; his overriding interest in the movement of air and water, and by extension his studies of the movement of unicellular marine creatures and the weather, were related to his life-long love of sailing. In the 1930s he invented the 'CQR' anchor which was both stronger and more manageable than any in use and which was used for all sorts of small craft including seaplanes. Wooden sailing boat Sailing is the skillful art of controlling the motion of a sailing ship or smaller boat, across a body of water using wind as the source of power. ... A ships or boats anchor is used to attach the vessel to the bottom at a specific point. ... A DeHavilland Single Otter floatplane in Harbour Air livery A seaplane is an aircraft designed to take off and land (correctly, though less commonly, alight) upon water. ...

His final research paper was published in 1969. He was then 83. In it he resumed his interest in electrical activity in thunderstorms - as jets of conducting liquid motivated by electrical fields. The cone from which such jets are observed is called the Taylor cone for his namesake. He suffered a stroke in 1972 which effectively put an end to his work and died in Cambridge in 1975. 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday For other uses, see Number 1969. ... A roll cloud associated with a heavy or severe thunderstorm over Enschede, The Netherlands. ... A Taylor cone refers to the cone observed in electrospray and hydrodynamic spray processes from which a jet of charged particles eminates above a threshold voltage. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year that started on a Tuesday. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ...

See also

• Taylor cone
• Taylor number

A Taylor cone refers to the cone observed in electrospray and hydrodynamic spray processes from which a jet of charged particles eminates above a threshold voltage. ... In physics, the Taylor number is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the importance of rotation of a fluid about a vertical axis. ...

External links

• John J. O'Connor and Edmund F. Robertson. Geoffrey Ingram Taylor at the MacTutor archive.
• Taylor's Hydrodynamic Reversibility video courtesy of the Pines Research Group at NYU