The geography and environment of New York City is characterized by its coastal position at the meeting of the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean in a naturally sheltered harbor. The city's geography, with its scarce available land surrounded mostly by water, is a factor in making New York the city with the highest population density in the United States. Environmental issues are chiefly concerned with managing this density, which is also a factor in making New York among the most energy efficient and least automobile-dependent cities in the United States. The city's climate is temperate. Nickname: Big Apple, City that never Sleeps Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ... The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk in Mahican, is a river running mainly through New York State but partly forming the boundary between the states of New York and New Jersey. ...

Boroughs

The five boroughs: 1: Manhattan, 2: Brooklyn,
3: Queens, 4: Bronx, 5: Staten Island

New York City, officially the "City of New York", is comprised of the Five Boroughs and is divided into 59 community districts. Throughout the boroughs there are hundreds of distinct neighborhoods, many with a definable history and character all their own. If the boroughs were independent cities, each would be among the 50 most populous cities in the United States. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2652x2582, 6650 KB) A map showing the five boroughs of New York City, as well as airports. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2652x2582, 6650 KB) A map showing the five boroughs of New York City, as well as airports. ... The Five Boroughs of New York City The Five Boroughs is a colloquialism often used by residents of New York City to unambiguously refer to the city itself, as opposed to any particular borough or to the greater metropolitan area. ...

Manhattan (New York County, pop. 1,593,200^[1]) is the business center of the city, and the most superlatively urban of the boroughs. It is the most densely populated, and the home of most of the city's skyscrapers. It is loosely divided into downtown, midtown, and uptown regions. The Borough of Manhattan, highlighted in yellow, lies between the East River and the Hudson River. ... The term Downtown Manhattan may have different meanings to different people, especially depending on what part of New York City they live in. ... View of Midtown from Empire State Building. ... Upper Manhattan is an area in New York City consisting of the thin, northern neck of the island of Manhattan. ...

The Bronx (Bronx County, pop. 1,357,589^[1]) is known as the birthplace of hip hop culture^[2], as well as the home of the New York Yankees and the largest cooperatively owned housing complex in the United States, Co-op City. Excluding its minor islands, the Bronx is the only borough of the city that is on the mainland of the United States. The Bronx is one of the five boroughs of New York City. ... Breakdancer in Ljubljana, Slovenia. ... Major league affiliations American League (1901–present) East Division (1969–present) Current uniform Retired Numbers 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 23, 32, 37, 44, 49 Name New York Yankees (1913–present) New York Highlanders (1903-1912) Baltimore Orioles (1901-1902) (Also referred to as Americans... Co-op City is a cooperative housing development located in the Baychester section of the Northeast Bronx at the intersection of I-95 and the Hutchinson River Parkway. ...

Brooklyn (Kings County, pop. 2,486,235^[1]), the most populous borough, was until 1898 an independent city and has a strong native identity. It ranges from a modern business district downtown to large historic residential neighborhoods in the central and south-eastern areas. It also features a long beachfront and Coney Island, famous as one of the earliest amusement grounds in the country. Brooklyn (named for the Dutch city Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. ... Image of Coney Island, located in the middle left of the picture, taken by NASA. The peninsula to the right is Rockaway, Queens. ...

Queens (Queens County, pop. 2,241,600^[1]) is geographically the largest borough and, according to the US census, the most ethnically diverse county in the United States.^[3] Prior to consolidation with New York City it was composed of small towns and villages founded by the Dutch. It is home to the New York Mets, two of the region's three major airports, and Flushing Meadows Corona Park, site of the 1939 and 1964 World's Fairs. Queens Borough in New York City, in yellow Queens is one of the five boroughs of New York City. ... Major league affiliations National League (1962–present) East Division (1969–present) Current uniform Name New York Mets (1962–present) Ballpark Shea Stadium (1964–present) The Polo Grounds (1962–1963) Major league titles World Series titles (2) 1969 â€¢ 1986 NL Pennants (4) 1969 â€¢ 1973 â€¢ 1986 â€¢ 2000 East Division titles (5) 1969... Flushing Meadows Park, also sometimes referred to as Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, is located in northern Queens, New York City, USA at the intersection of the Long Island Expressway and the Grand Central Parkway. ... A Worlds Fair is any of various large expositions held since the mid-19th century. ...

Staten Island (Richmond County, pop. 464,573^[1]) is the most suburban in character of the five boroughs, but has gradually integrated with the rest of the city since the opening of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in 1964, an event that caused controversy and even an attempt at secession. Until 2001, Staten Island was the home of the infamous Fresh Kills Landfill, formerly the largest landfill in the world, and now being reconstructed as one of the largest urban parks in the United States. Staten Island, in yellow, lies to the southwest of the rest of New York City. ... The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is a double-decked suspension bridge that connects the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn in New York City at the Narrows, the reach connecting the relatively protected upper bay with the larger lower bay. ... The Fresh Kills Landfill on Staten Island, New York, was the formerly the largest landfill in the world and the principal landfill of New York City in the later 20th century. ...

Climate

New York City has a Humid continental climate, vastly affected by its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

• Winters are typically cold. Temperatures below 0 °F only occur about once per decade on average, but temperatures in the 10s and 20s (down to -10 °C) are quite common at the height of winter. New York winters sometimes feature snowstorms that can paralyze the city with over a foot of snow. However, variation in the climate also occasionally renders winter mild and almost snowless (such as in 1997-98).

• Springs are mild, averaging in the 50s °F (10 to 15 °C) in late March to the lower 80s °F (25-30 °C) in early June. The weather is unpredictable and brings relatively cool summers (such as in 1992) as an occasional surprise, and huge snowstorms arriving as late as the second week in April (significant snow after mid-March is fairly rare though). Thunderstorms are common in spring.

• Summers in New York are hot and humid, with temperatures commonly exceeding 90 °F (32 °C), although high temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) are about as rare as subzero (F) lows in winter. Humidity levels are usually quite high in July and August. Thunderstorms are common in summer, although severe weather is more common west of the city in New Jersey because the city's proximity to the ocean usually kills severe thunderstorms before they hit the city. Hurricanes are considered to be a major threat to the area (and especially the Long Island suburbs). While relatively infrequent compared to areas south and east, a direct hit could cause large loss of life and billions of dollars in damage due to the high population in coastal areas.

• Autumns are comfortable in New York and similar to spring in temperature. However, the weather is notably unpredictable and travelers are advised to check forecasts and bring several layers of clothing in late fall and in the early spring months (e.g., November, March, April) as temperatures do flucuate quickly at these times of year.

• Temperature records have been set as high as 106 °F (41 °C) on July 9, 1936 and as low as -15 °F (-26 °C) on February 9, 1934. These temperatures are not common and have not been matched or surpassed in more than six decades. Most recently, temperatures have hit 100 degrees as recently as July 2005 and 103 degrees in August 2006, and dropped below zero as recently as January 2004. New York can have excessive days of rain or long streches of dry weather.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1,214.4 km² (468.9 mi²). 785.6 km² (303.3 mi²) of it is land and 428.8 km² (165.6 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 35.31% water. Although most of the city is adequately above sea level, parts of it could be threatened in the future if the current patterns of global warming continue. A rolling thundercloud over Enschede, The Netherlands. ... A rolling thundercloud over Enschede, The Netherlands. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  Ranked 47th  - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 km²)  - Width 70 miles (110 km)  - Length 150 miles (240 km)  - % water 14. ... This article is about weather phenomena. ... July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... This is a list of decades which have articles with more information about them. ... The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A square mile is an Imperial unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (5,280 feet, 1,760 yards, 1,609. ... Global mean surface temperatures 1856 to 2005 Mean surface temperature anomalies during the period 1995 to 2004 with respect to the average temperatures from 1940 to 1980 Global warming is the observed increase in the average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and oceans in recent decades. ...

Environmental issues

Main article: Environmental issues in New York City

Central Park is nearly twice as big as the world's second-smallest country, Monaco. Historically its reservoirs were important components of the city's water supply.

New York City plays an important role in the green policy agenda because of its size. Environmental groups make large efforts to help shape legislation in New York because they see the strategy as an efficient way to influence national programs. New York City's economy is larger than Switzerland's, a size that means the city has potential to set new defacto standards. Manufacturers are also attuned to the latest trends and needs in the city because the market is simply too big to ignore. Central Park is nearly twice as big as the worlds second-smallest country, Monaco. ... Download high resolution version (1504x1000, 506 KB)Two people walk under a bridge in central park. ... Download high resolution version (1504x1000, 506 KB)Two people walk under a bridge in central park. ... A Central Park landscape Central Park ( ) is a large public, urban park (843 acres or 3. ... Nickname: Big Apple, City that never Sleeps Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ...

Although cities like San Francisco or Portland, Oregon are most commonly associated with urban environmentalism in the United States, New York City's unique urban footprint and extensive transportation systems make it more sustainable than most American cities. The environmental organization SustainLane ranked New York highest of all U.S. cities with more than 1 million residents in its 2005 US City Rankings, a detailed report on city quality of life combined with indicators of sustainability programs, policies and performance.^[4] The organization cited New York's land use, density, transportation systems, innovative watershed management, and extensive local food and agriculture resources that include 750 community gardens and 64 farmers markets as some of the city's strongest environmental assets. This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Nickname: City of Roses, Stumptown, Bridgetown, PDX Location in Multnomah County and the state of Oregon Coordinates: Country United States State Oregon County Multnomah County Incorporated February 8, 1851 Mayor Tom Potter Area    - City 376. ...

Maps and satellite images

New Amsterdam in 1660 Image File history File links Castelloplan. ... New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was the name of the 17th century town which grew outside of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island in the New Netherland territory (1614–1674) which was situated between 38 and 42 degrees latitude as a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic since 1624. ...	New York City area in 1910 Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1623x2200, 1409 KB) Hammonds 1906 map, New York City and vicinity. ...	New York City in 1910 Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1694x2288, 1493 KB) Hammonds 1910 map, New York City and vicinity. ...	False-color satellite image Download high resolution version (600x796, 163 KB)This false-color satellite image shows Greater New York City. ...
Thermal image (blue is warm, yellow is hot) Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1187x1409, 932 KB) This image shows thermal infrared satellite data measured by NASA’s Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus on August 14, one of the hottest days in New York’s 2002 summer. ...	Vegetation is beige (sparse) and deep green (dense) Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1187x1409, 939 KB) This image shows thermal infrared satellite data measured by NASA’s Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus on August 14, one of the hottest days in New York’s 2002 summer. ...	Satellite photograph of southern Manhattan taken in 2002 Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2100x2163, 1702 KB) The southern end of Manhattan, as well as Ellis Island, New Jersey, and Queens are visible in this image from a perfectly clear day in September, 2002. ...

See also

• New York metropolitan area
• BosWash
• New York City Audubon

The New York metropolitan area is the most populous in the United States and the fourth most populous in the world (after Tokyo, Seoul, and Mexico City). ... The BosWash or Bosnywash or Boshington megalopolis is the name for a group of metropolitan areas in the northeastern United States, extending from Boston, MA to Washington, D.C., including Providence, RI, Hartford, CT, New Haven, CT, New York City, NY, Philadelphia, PA, and Baltimore, MD. The geographic trend was... New York City Audubon is an American non-profit environmental organization incorporated in 1979. ...

External links and further reading

• Green Apple Map - Interactive green map of New York City's environmental resources.
• NYC Open Accessible Space Information System - Interactive mapping resource of open space in New York City.
• Council on the Environment of New York City (CENYC) - Privately funded citizens' organization in the Office of the Mayor of New York City.
• NYC Map Portal - Access to New York City data and NYC.gov applications with address level data and maps.
• The Vegan Guide to New York City, by Rynn Berry and Chris A. Suzuki
• The Big Green Apple: Your Guide to Eco-Friendly Living in New York City, by Benjamin Jervey

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e}
2. ^ David Toop (1984/1991). Rap Attack II: African Rap To Global Hip Hop. New York. New York: Serpent's Tail. ISBN 1-85242-243-2.
3. ^ O'Donnell, Michelle. "In Queens, It's the Glorious 4th, and 6th, and 16th, and 25th...", New York Times, 2006-07-04. Retrieved on [[2006-07-19]].
4. ^ "SustainLane US City Rankings." March 2006.[1]

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	History · Government · Geography · Demographics · Economy · Transportation Culture · Media · Music · Sports · Neighborhoods · Architecture · Tourism · Education New York City Lists · New York City Portal · New York State David Toop (born 1949) is a musician, author, and as of 2001 was visiting Research Fellow at the London Media School. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the United States holiday, the Fourth of July, see Independence Day (United States). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 19 is the 200th day (201st in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 165 days remaining. ... Nickname: Big Apple, City that never Sleeps Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_New_York_City. ... // Lenape and New Netherland: Prehistory:1613-1664 Main article: History of New York City (prehistory-1664) Prehistory in the area began with the geological formation of the peculiar territory of what is today New York City. ... New York City has the largest metropolitan area population in North America and the most ethnically diverse city in the world, and has a long history of absorbing immigrants from nations all over the globe. ... A busker plays in the New York City subway. ... Carnegie Hall, a major music venue in New York The music of New York City is a diverse and important field in the world of music; no American city has as central a place in music history as New York City. ... Alphabet City Â· Ansonia Â· Battery Park City Â· Bowery Â· Central Village Â· Chelsea Â· Chinatown Â· Columbia University Â· Diamond District Â· East Village Â· Financial District Â· Five Points Â· Flatiron District Â· Garment District Â· Gramercy Â· Greenwich Village Â· Hamilton Heights Â· Harlem Â· Hells Kitchen Â· Hudson Heights Â· Inwood Â· Kips Bay Â· Koreatown Â· Little Italy Â· Lower East Side Â· Lower Manhattan Â· Manhattan Valley Â· Manhattanville... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Tourism in New York City is a large industry. ... // Culture and Education List of famous New Yorkers List of colleges and universities in New York City List of New York City newspapers and magazines List of New York City Television and Film studios List of television shows set in New York City List of movies set in New York... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area  Ranked 27th  - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 km²)  - Width 285 miles (455 km)  - Length 330 miles (530 km)  - % water 13. ...
The Five Boroughs: The Bronx · Brooklyn · Manhattan · Queens · Staten Island