NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Geography of Ecuador

Ecuador is a country in Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator (for which the country is named), between Colombia and Peru. Ecuador is one of the smaller countries in South America, slightly smaller than the state of Nevada. Located on the west coast and straddling the equator, Ecuador has a total area of about 280,000 square kilometers, which includes the Galápagos Islands. Roughly the size of the state of Colorado, Ecuador encompasses a wide range of natural formations and climates, from the desertlike southern coast to the snowcapped peaks of the Andes Mountains to the plains of the Amazon River Basin. Also in the small masses of Ecuador is the ever tall Volcano Cotopaxi, still holding it's reputation as the world's highest active volcano. Ecuador Overview Map derived from CIA - The World Factbook 2002 File links The following pages link to this file: Ecuador Geography of Ecuador Talk:Ecuador Talk:Geography of Ecuador Categories: CIA World Factbook images ... Ecuador Overview Map derived from CIA - The World Factbook 2002 File links The following pages link to this file: Ecuador Geography of Ecuador Talk:Ecuador Talk:Geography of Ecuador Categories: CIA World Factbook images ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... World map showing the equator in red The Equator is an imaginary circle drawn around a planet (or other astronomical object) at a distance halfway between the poles. ...

Ecuador is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the north by Colombia, and on the east and south by Peru. Ecuador continues to contest the boundary with Peru, which was established by the Protocol of Peace, Friendship, and Boundaries (Rio Protocol) of 1942 and ceded to Peru a large portion of territory east of the Andes.

Area

Orthographic projection centred over the GalÃ¡pagos Map of the GalÃ¡pagos archipelago showing the names of the islands. ...

Land boundaries

Maritime claims

Cities

Quito (official name: San Francisco de Quito) is the capital city of Ecuador in northwestern South America. ... This article is about the city of Guayaquil. ... For other articles on subjects named Cuenca, see Cuenca. ... San Juan de Ambato is a city in the centre of Ecuador near the Ambato River. ... Portoviejo is a city of Ecuador, and the capital the Province of Manabí, situated a few kilometers from the Pacific coast. ... Machala is a city in south-west Ecuador, capital of the El Oro Province. ... Loja, Ecuador is the capital of Loja province. ...

Geographical regions

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Galápagos Islands

An island archipelago in the Pacific Ocean about 1,000 km west of the mainland; famed for the studies by Charles Darwin that led to his theory of natural selection as a means of evolution. Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 â€“ 19 April 1882) was an eminent English naturalist who achieved lasting fame by convincing the scientific community that species develop over time from a common origin. ... The GalÃ¡pagos Islands hold 13 species of finches that are closely related and differ most markedly in the shape of their beaks. ... This article is about evolution in biology. ...

La Costa (the coast)

The western coastal area of Ecuador, bordering the Pacific Ocean, rising from coastal plain with many mangroves, although many of these have now been destroyed by shrimp farming, to the foothills of the Andes Mountains to the east; many banana, cacao and coffee plantations, as well. Guayaquil, located on the southern part of the coast is the biggest city of the country, with some beautiful beaches and an ocean port. In the north coast of Ecuador the port of Balao in Esmeraldas is used for oil export and the port of Manta is used by the United States Air Force as a control point for narcotics traffic control. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1756x1140, 2749 KB) Sulfur laguna on the site of AguaBlanca, Machalilla National Park, Ecuador Lagune de soufre Ã Aguablanca, Parc National de Machalilla, Ã‰quateur Auteur : Delphine MÃ©nard (notafish }<;>) Ecuador, July 2000 File links The following pages link to this file: Geography... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1756x1140, 2749 KB) Sulfur laguna on the site of AguaBlanca, Machalilla National Park, Ecuador Lagune de soufre Ã Aguablanca, Parc National de Machalilla, Ã‰quateur Auteur : Delphine MÃ©nard (notafish }<;>) Ecuador, July 2000 File links The following pages link to this file: Geography... Above and below water view at the edge of the mangal. ... Shrimp growout pond on a farm in South Korea. ... The Andes form the longest mountain chain in the world. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Binomial name Theobroma cacao L. Cacao (Theobroma cacao) is a small (4â€“8 m tall) evergreen tree in the family Sterculiaceae (alternatively Malvaceae), native to tropical Mexico, but now cultivated throughout the tropics. ... A cup of coffee Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. ... This article is about the city of Guayaquil. ... Esmeraldas is a city in Ecuador. ... Manta is a mid size city of Ecuador, in the ManabÃ Province. ... Aircraft of the 379th Air Expeditionary Wing and coalition counterparts stationed together at Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar, in southwest Asia, fly over the desert. ...

La Sierra (the highlands)

The central belt of Ecuador that includes the high Andes Mountains, inland from the coast; with volcanoes and mountain peaks that sport year-round snow on the equator; many areas long since deforested by agriculture; a number of cut-flower growing operations; at a certain altitude zone may be found the cloud forests. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (984x670, 209 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Geography of Ecuador ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (984x670, 209 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Geography of Ecuador ... The Andes form the longest mountain chain in the world. ... World map showing the equator in red The Equator is an imaginary circle drawn around a planet (or other astronomical object) at a distance halfway between the poles. ... At the edge of the Panamanian side of the Parque Internacional la Amistad Temperate cloud forest on La Palma, Canary Islands The cloud forest of Monteverde, Costa Rica Cloud forest on Mount Lushan in southeastern China One of the hanging bridges of the Sky walk in Santa Elena, Costa Rica...

The northern Ecuadorian Andes are divided into three parallel cordilleras that run in what is similar to an S shape from north to south: the western, central and eastern cordilleras. The cordilleras were formed earlier in the Cenozoic era (the current geological era), as the Nazca Plate has subducted underneath the South American Plate and has raised the mountain range. In the south, the cordilleras are not well defined. The Cordillera is a massive mountain range situated in the northern central part of the Philippines. ... The Cenozoic Era (sen-oh-ZOH-ik; sometimes Caenozoic Era in the United Kingdom) meaning new life (Greek kainos = new + zoe = life) is the most recent of the three classic geological eras. ... The Nacza plate, shown in light blue The Nazca Plate, named after the Nazca region of southern Peru, is an oceanic tectonic plate in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin off the west coast of South America. ... The Juan de Fuca plate sinks below the North America plate at the Cascadia subduction zone. ... The South American Plate is a continental tectonic plate covering the continent of South America and extending eastward to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. ...

Quito, the capital city, is located in a high mountain valley on the foothills of the Pichincha. The town of Baños features hot springs swimming pools on the foothills of the Tungurahua in the Central Cordillera. The road from Baños to Puyo has long been known for its narrowness, curves and sheer drops (only one lane in some places, in one area, actually cut into the side of a cliff so that the cliff roofs over it). The most important east-west road across the Andes is the road from Quito to Lago Agrio, which is unpaved for most of its length yet is heavily traveled by tractor-trailers -- and the Trans-Ecuadorian Oil Pipeline serves as the guardrail for long stretches of this road! Quito (official name: San Francisco de Quito) is the capital city of Ecuador in northwestern South America. ... Pichincha is an active volcano in the country of Ecuador whose capital Quito wraps around its eastern slopes. ... BaÃ±os or BaÃ±os de Agua Santa (Spanish for Baths of Holy Water) is a city in eastern Tungurahua Province, in central Ecuador. ... Green Dragon Spring at Norris Geyser A hot spring is a place where warm or hot groundwater issues from the ground on a regular basis for at least a predictable part of the year, and is significantly above the ambient ground temperature (which is usually around 55~57 F or... Tungurahua (Quechua tunguri=gullet, rahua=burn, spit fire) is an active stratovolcano in Ecuador. ...

Notable Mountains and Volcanoes

Partial, incomplete table of volcanoes in the north of the Ecuadorian Andes, from north to south Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2288x1712, 2474 KB) Photographer: AndrÃ© HÃ¼bner (permission granted to Martin Zeise) Date: 10. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2288x1712, 2474 KB) Photographer: AndrÃ© HÃ¼bner (permission granted to Martin Zeise) Date: 10. ... The inactive stratovolcano Chimborazo is Ecuadors highest summit. ... Cotopaxi is a volcano located about 50 km south of Quito, Ecuador. ... Ojos del Salado is a stratovolcano in the Andes on the border of Argentina-Chile. ... Illiniza is a volcano in Ecuador, located about 55 km southwest of Quito. ... Tungurahua (Quechua tunguri=gullet, rahua=burn, spit fire) is an active stratovolcano in Ecuador. ... Pichincha is an active volcano in the country of Ecuador whose capital Quito wraps around its eastern slopes. ...

Pichincha is an active volcano in the country of Ecuador whose capital Quito wraps around its eastern slopes. ... CorazÃ³n (span. ... The inactive stratovolcano Chimborazo is Ecuadors highest summit. ... RumiÃ±ahui (from Quechua rumi=rock, Ã±awi=eye; pronounced roo-mee-NYAH-wee) is a dormant, heavily-eroded volcano 4721 m above sea level. ... For other uses of Cayambe, see Cayambe (disambiguation page) Cayambe (or VolcÃ¡n Cayambe) is the name of a volcano located in the Cordillera Oriental, a branch of the Ecuadorian Andes. ... Antisana is a volcano of the northern Andes, in Ecuador, 5,753 m high; also a village on its flanks, 13,000 ft high, the highest village in the world. ... Cotopaxi is a volcano located about 50 km south of Quito, Ecuador. ... Tungurahua (Quechua tunguri=gullet, rahua=burn, spit fire) is an active stratovolcano in Ecuador. ... El Altar is an extinct volcano on the western side of Sangay National Park in Ecuador, 170 km south of Quito. ... Reventador is an active volcano which lies in the eastern Andes in Ecuador. ... The Sangay is a constantly active volcano in southeastern Ecuador. ...

El Oriente (the East)

Much of the Oriente is tropical moist broadleaf forest (Spanish: la selva), on the east slopes of the Andes Mountains and descending into the Amazon Basin, with strikingly different upland rainforest with steep, rugged ridges and cascading streams (can be seen around Puyo) and lowland rainforest. The oil fields are located in the Amazon basin, headquartered at Lago Agrio; some of the rainforest has been seriously damaged in this region and environmental degradation is severe, with catastrophic oil pollution in some areas. Some 38% of Ecuador's land is forested[1], and despite a 1.5% annual deforestation rate remains one of the most biodiverse locations on the planet. The Oriente is also home to a large number of Ecuador's indigenous groups, notably the lowland Quechua, Siona, Secoya, Huaorani, and Cofán. Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, also known as tropical rain forests, are a tropical and subtropical biome. ... The Andes form the longest mountain chain in the world. ... Amazon River basin The Amazon Basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries. ... Puyo is the capital of Pastaza, a province in Ecuador. ... Nueva Loja (also known as Lago Agrio, after Sour Lake, Texas) is the capital and the most important city of Sucumbíos, in Ecuador. ... Rainforests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on earth Biodiversity or biological diversity is the diversity of life. ... Quechua (Runa Simi; Kichwa in Ecuador) is a Native American language of South America. ... Siona Atreides is a fictional character in Frank Herberts Dune universe. ... The Huaorani, also known as Waorani, Waodani, or Auca (Quechua for savage), are an indigenous tribe of the Ecuadorian Oriente (in the Amazon region). ... The CofÃ¡n (also called Kofan, Kofane, or Aâ€™i) people are an indigenous people native to Napo Province northeast Ecuador and southern Colombia, between the GuamuÃ©s River (a tributary of the Putumayo River) and the AguaricÃ³ River (a tributary of the Napo River). ...

In addition, Ecuador still lays claim to a large area of lowland rainforest to the east of this region, although Peru invaded it years ago and has held it ever since.

Drainage

Almost all of the rivers in Ecuador rise in the Sierra region and flow east toward the Amazon River or west toward the Pacific Ocean. The rivers rise from snowmelt at the edges of the snowcapped peaks or from the abundant precipitation that falls at higher elevations. In the Sierra region, the streams and rivers are narrow and flow rapidly over precipitous slopes. Rivers may slow and widen as they cross the hoyas yet become rapid again as they flow from the heights of the Andes to the lower elevations of the other regions. The highland rivers broaden as they enter the more level areas of the Costa and the Oriente. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 320 KB) Photographer: Martin Zeise, Berlin Date: 24. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 320 KB) Photographer: Martin Zeise, Berlin Date: 24. ...

In the Costa region, the Costa Externa has mostly intermittent rivers that are fed by constant rains from December through May and become empty nice riverbeds during the dry season. The few exceptions are the longer, perennial rivers that flow throughout the Costa Externa from the Costa Internal and the Sierra on their way to the Pacific Ocean. The Costa Internal, by contrast, is crossed by perennial rivers that may flood during the rainy season, sometimes forming swamps.

The Guayas River system, which flows southward to the Gulf of Guayaquil, constitutes the most important of the drainage systems in the Costa Internal. The Guayas River Basin, including land drained by its tributaries, is 40,000 square kilometers in area. The sixty-kilometer-long Guayas River forms just north of Guayaquil out of the confluence of the Babahoyo and Daule rivers. Briefly constricted at Guayaquil by hills, the Guayas widens south of the city and flows through a deltaic network of small islands and channels. At its mouth, the river forms a broad estuary with two channels around Puná Island, the deeper of which is used for navigation.

The second major Costa river system--the Esmeraldas--rises in the Hoya de Quito in the Sierra as the Guayllabamba River and flows westward to empty into the Pacific Ocean near the city of Esmeraldas. The Esmeraldas River is 320 kilometers long and has a 20,000-square-kilometer drainage basin.

Major rivers in the Oriente include the Pastaza, Napo, and Putumayo. The Pastaza is formed by the confluence of the Chambo and the Patate rivers, both of which rise in the Sierra. The Pastaza includes the Agoyan waterfall, which at sixty-one meters is the highest waterfall in Ecuador. The Napo rises near Mount Cotopaxi and is the major river used for transport in the Eastern lowlands. The Napo ranges in width from 500 to 1,800 meters. In its upper reaches, the Napo flows rapidly until the confluence with one of its major tributaries, the Coca River, where it slows and levels off. The Putumayo forms part of the border with Colombia. All of these rivers flow into the Amazon River. The Galápagos Islands have no significant rivers. Several of the larger islands, however, have freshwater springs.

Climate

Each region has different factors that affect its climate. The Costa is influenced primarily by proximity to warm or cool ocean currents. By contrast, climate in the Sierra varies more as a function of altitude. The Oriente has a fairly uniform climate that varies only slightly between the two subregions. Climate in the Galápagos Islands is both moderated by the ocean currents and affected by altitude. Throughout Ecuador variation in rainfall primarily determines seasons. Temperature is determined by altitude. With each ascent of 200 meters in altitude, temperature drops 1° C. This phenomenon is particularly significant in the Sierra. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2288x1712, 1864 KB) Photographer: AndrÃ© HÃ¼bner (permission granted to Martin Zeise) Date: 10. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2288x1712, 1864 KB) Photographer: AndrÃ© HÃ¼bner (permission granted to Martin Zeise) Date: 10. ...

The Costa has a tropical climate. Temperatures for the region as a whole remain fairly constant, ranging from 23° C in the south to 26° C in the north. Although seasonal changes in temperature are not pronounced, the hottest period occurs during the rainy season, especially from February to April. Near Guayaquil, the coolest months are August and September. Rainfall in the Costa decreases from north to south, with vegetation changing from tropical rainforest in the north to tropical savannah to desert in the south.

Differences in temperature and rainfall in the Costa are caused by the Peruvian Current and periodic appearances of El Niño. The Peruvian Current, also formerly known as the Humboldt, is a cold ocean current that flows north along the coasts of Chile and Peru. At Cabo Blanco, where the Gulf of Guayaquil begins, the main current veers to the west; a branch continues northward to Cabo Pasado, in Manabí Province, where it also turns westward to merge with the main current near the Galápagos Islands. The cold water and air temperatures associated with the Peruvian Current inhibit rainfall along the coast, creating dry to arid conditions. This effect is greatest along the southern coast of Ecuador.

The El Niño occurs periodically every six or seven years. Starting in late December, a change in atmospheric pressure shifts ocean currents so that warm waters come closer to shore and displace the cold waters. During this time, air and water temperatures, tides, sea levels and wave heights, and relative humidity all are higher than usual. These conditions produce heavy rainfall that generally lasts until May in an area that normally experiences nothing more than a drizzle. The resulting flooding and landslides can be devastating.

When the Peruvian Current is dominant, the amount of precipitation along the coast varies from north to south, with levels ranging from 300 centimeters to 30 centimeters, respectively. Two rainy seasons in the northernmost part of the coast become a single season (December through June) not far south. Near Esmeraldas, average annual rainfall is 250 centimeters. The rainy season shortens farther south, lasting only from January to May at Guayaquil. Very little rainfall occurs on the end of the Santa Elena Peninsula west of Guayaquil. Arid conditions prevail on the border with Peru south of the Gulf of Guayaquil.

Separated from the effects of ocean currents by the Cordillera Costañera, the Costa Internal has a hot and humid climate. Temperatures can surpass 26° C, and the vegetation and cloud cover tend to retain and augment the heat. Rain is constant during the winter months of December through May, with the heaviest rainfall occurring in February and March.

Temperatures in the Sierra do not vary greatly on a seasonal basis; the hottest month averages 16° C and the coolest month, 13° C in the upper elevations. Diurnal temperatures, however, vary dramatically, from cold mornings to hot afternoons. The almost vertical sun and the rarefied air in the higher Sierra region allow the land to warm quickly during the day and lose heat quickly at night. Mornings typically are bright and sunny, whereas afternoons often are cloudy and rainy. In general, rainfall amounts are highest on exposed locations at lower altitudes. Rain also can vary on a local basis. Sheltered valleys normally receive 50 centimeters per year, whereas annual rainfall is 150 centimeters in Quito and can reach 250 centimeters on exposed slopes that catch rain-bearing winds. On a seasonal basis, the driest months are June through September.

Climate in the Sierra is divided into levels based on altitude. The tropical level--400 to 1,800 meters--has temperatures ranging from 20° C to 25° C and heavy precipitation. The subtropical level-- 1,800 to 2,500 meters--has temperatures from 15° C to 20° C and moderate precipitation. The temperate level--2,500 to 3,200 meters- -has a year-round temperature in the range of 10° C to 15° C and an annual rainfall of 100 centimeters. The temperate level experiences rainstorms, hailstorms, and fog. Winter, or the rainy season, lasts from January through June, and the dry season or summer from July through December. Most rain falls in April. There also is a short rainy period in early October caused by moisture penetrating the Sierra from the Oriente. Quito and most other populated areas in the Sierra are located at this temperate level. The cold level extends from the temperate zone to 4,650 meters. Here, average temperatures are 3° C to 9° C, and the precipitation often appears in the form of rain, hail, and thick fog. Above 4,650 meters is the frozen level, where peaks are constantly capped with snow and ice, and temperatures range from below zero to 3° C. Precipitation frequently is in the form of snow, fog, and rain.

The Eastern lowlands in the Oriente experience an equatorial climate. Rainfall is abundant, especially in the Andean piedmont, sometimes exceeding 500 centimeters per year. Temperatures average 25° C in the western parts of this region. The jungle-covered plains of the Eastern lowlands register high levels of rainfall and temperatures surpassing 28° C.

Being located on the equator, the Galápagos Islands would have an equatorial climate were it not for the modifying effects of the Peruvian Current. Instead, climate on the islands follows a pattern more like that of the Sierra than the Costa. At sea level, the land is desertlike with temperatures of 21° C. The eight summer months experience no precipitation, whereas the winter months of January through April have some fog and drizzle. Above sea level to an altitude of 450 meters, the islands have a mixture of tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates. In general, temperatures are around 17° C. There is constant fog and drizzle in the summer and rain in the winter. The cold level above 450 meters has temperatures below 14° C.

Elevation extremes

Natural resources

petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Ignacy Åukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ... A giant grouper at the Georgia Aquarium Fish are aquatic vertebrates that are typically cold-blooded; covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. ... Timber in storage for later processing at a sawmill Timber is a term used to describe wood, either standing or that has been processed for useâ€”from the time trees are felled, to its end product as a material suitable for industrial useâ€”as structural material for construction or wood... Undershot water wheels on the Orontes River in Hama, Syria Saint Anthony Falls Prior to the widespread availability of commercial electricity, hydropower was used for milling, textile manufacture, and the operation of sawmills. ...

Land use

Irrigated land

Natural hazards

frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; periodic droughts An earthquake is a phenomenon that results from the sudden release of stored energy in the Earths crust that creates seismic waves. ... Volcano 1. ...

Environment - current issues

deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes Pollution is the release of environmental contaminants. ...

Environment - international agreements

For the Antarctic Treaty from the Gundam anime, see Antarctic Treaty (Gundam) The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate the international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earths only uninhabited continent. ... The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, also known as the Antarctic-Environmental Protocol is part of the Antarctic Treaty System. ... Rainforests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on earth Biodiversity or biological diversity is the diversity of life. ... UNFCCC logo. ... Ship stranded by the retreat of the Aral Sea Desertification is the degradation of land in arid, semi arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors including climatic variations, but primarily human activities. ... The critically endangered Amur Tiger, a rare subspecies of tiger. ... Hazardous waste is waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment and generally exhibits one or more of these characteristics: ignitability corrosivity reactivity (explosive) toxicity Many types of businesses generate hazardous waste. ... The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) bans all nuclear explosions in all environments, for military or civilian purposes and was opened for signature in New York on 24 September 1996, when it was signed by 71 States, including the five nuclear weapon states at the time (which did not... Ships can pollute the waterways and oceans in many ways. ... note - abbreviated as Tropical Timber 83 opened for signature - November 18, 1983 entered into force - April 1, 1985; this agreement expired when the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994, went into force. ... note - abbreviated as Tropical Timber 94 opened for signature - January 26, 1994 entered into force - January 1, 1997 objective - to ensure that by the year 2000 exports of tropical timber originate from sustainably managed sources; to establish a fund to assist tropical timber producers in obtaining the resources necessary to... A subtropical wetland in Florida, USA, with an endangered American Crocodile. ... The crew of the oceanographic research vessel Princesse Alice, of Albert Grimaldi (later Prince Albert I of Monaco) pose while flensing a catch. ... Kyoto Protocol Opened for signature December 11, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan Entered into force February 16, 2005. ...

Geography - note

Cotopaxi in the Andes is the highest active volcano in the world Cotopaxi is a volcano located about 50 km south of Quito, Ecuador. ... The Andes form the longest mountain chain in the world. ...

Sources

v • d • e

Geography of South America

Argentina · Bolivia · Brazil · Chile · Colombia · Ecuador · Guyana · Panama · Paraguay · Peru · Suriname · Trinidad and Tobago · Uruguay · Venezuela Map of South America. ... Map of Trinidad and Tobago Location: Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela Geographic coordinates: 11Â°00â€² N 61Â°00â€² W Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total: 5,128 sq km land: 5,128 sq km water: 0 sq km...

Territories
Aruba · Falkland Islands · French Guiana · South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Types of political territories include: A legally administered territory, which is a non-sovereign geographic area that has come under the authority of another government. ... Falkland Islands Located near Southern South America, The Falkland Islands are in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina. ... Geography of French Guiana. ... Motto: Leo Terram Propriam Protegat (Latin: The Lion shall protect his own land) Official language English Capital Grytviken Commissioner Howard Pearce Area - Total - % water not ranked 3,093 kmÂ² - Population - Total (2006 E) - Density not ranked ~20 n/a; Currency GBP Time zone UTC/GMT -2 National anthem God Save...

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