São Tomé and Príncipe is a small nation composed of an archipelago located in the Gulf of Guinea of equatorial Atlantic Ocean. The nation's main islands are São Tomé and Príncipe, for which the country is named. These are located about 300 and 250km (200 and 150 miles), respectively, off the northerwest coast of Gabon in West Africa. The nation's geographic coordinates are a latitude of 1°00′N and a latitude of 7°00′E. The Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe is a tiny two- island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, distanced 140 kilometers from one another, and situated about 250 and 225 kilometers, respectively, off the northwestern coast of Gabon. ... An archipelago is a landform which consists of a chain or cluster of islands. ... The gigantic Gulf of Guinea is the part of the Atlantic southwest of Africa. ... In geography, the equator is an imaginary line drawn around a planet, halfway between the poles, where the surface of the roughly spherical planet is parallel to the axis of rotation. ... The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one-fifth of its surface. ... Príncipe is the smaller of the two major islands of São Tomé and Príncipe. ... The Gabonese Republic, or Gabon, is a nation of west central Africa. ... West Africa is the region of western Africa generally considered to include these countries: Benin Burkina Faso Cameroon Côte dIvoire (Ivory Coast) Equatorial Guinea Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia Mali Niger Nigeria Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) Senegal Sierra Leone Togo Chad, Mauritania, and... This article is about longitude and latitude; see also UTM coordinate system Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically); large version (pdf) The geographic (earth-mapping) coordinate system expresses every horizontal position on Earth by two of the three coordinates of a spherical coordinate system which... Latitude, denoted φ, gives the location of a place on Earth north or south of the Equator. ... Latitude, denoted φ, gives the location of a place on Earth north or south of the Equator. ...

São Tomé and Príncipe constitute one of Africa's smallest countries. They have a with a coastline of total of 209km of coastline. Both are part of an extinct volcanic mountain range, which also includes the island of Bioko in Equatorial Guinea to the north and Mount Cameroon to the west. São Tomé is 48km (30 miles) long and 32km (20 mile) wide and the more mountainous of the two islands. Its peaks reach 2,024m (6,640 feet). Principe is about 16km (10 miles) long and 6km (4 miles) wide, making it the smallest of the two. This makes the total land area of the country 1,001 km,² about five times the size of Washington, D.C. Both islands are crossed by swift streams radiating down the mountains through lush forest and cropland to the sea. This article is about volcanoes in geology. ... The most general definition of mountain range is a group of mountains bordered by lowlands. ... Bioko is an island off the west coast of Africa in the Gulf of Guinea, formerly called Fernando Po or Fernando Poo. ... The Republic of Equatorial Guinea is a nation in central Africa, and one the smallest countries in continental Africa. ... Mount Cameroon (or Cameroon Mountain) is an active volcano in Cameroon, near the Gulf of Guinea and is part of a general area of volcanic activity the Cameroon Volcanic Line, which also includes Lake Nyos, the site of the 1986 Lake Nyos tragedy. ... Mount Cook, a mountain in New Zealand A mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. ...

At sea level, the climate is tropical—hot and humid with average yearly temperatures of about 27 degrees C (80 degrees F) and little daily variation. At the interior's higher altitudes, the average yearly temperature is 20 degrees C (68 degrees F), and nights are generally cool. Annual rainfall varies from 500 centimeters (200 inches) on the southwestern slopes to 100cm (40 inches) in the northern lowlands. The rainy season runs from October to May. For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ...

The highest point is Pico de São Tomé, at 2,024m.

Maritime claims:

• Measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
• Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
• Territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate

Tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)

Terrain

Volcanic, mountainous

Elevation extremes

• Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
• Highest point: Pico de São Tomé 2,024 m

Natural resources

Fish, hydropower

Natural hazards

NA

Environment--current issues

Deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion

Environment--international agreements

• Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ship Pollution
• Signed, but not ratified: None of the selected agreements

See also: São Tomé and Príncipe A nautical mile is a unit of distance, or, as physical scientists like to call it, length. ... metre or meter, see meter (disambiguation) The metre is the basic unit of length in the International System of Units. ... Fish might refer to: Fish - vertebrates with gills which live in water Fish (sometimes FISH) - the British code-word for World War II German stream cipher teleprinter secure communications devices The FISH (FIbonacci SHrinking) stream cipher published in 1993 Fish - the former lead singer of progressive rock band Marillion fluorescent... Hydropower (or waterpower) harnesses the energy of moving or falling water. ... Biodiversity or biological diversity is a neologism and a portmanteau word, from bio and diversity. ... The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. ... Desertification is the degradation of land in arid, semi arid and dry sub-humid areas into desert, resulting from various factors including climatic variations and human activities. ... note - abbreviated as Environmental Modification opened for signature - December 10, 1976 entered into force - October 5, 1978 objective - to prohibit the military or other hostile use of environmental modification techniques in order to further world peace and trust among nations parties - (66) Afghanistan, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria... Admiralty law (usually referred to as simply admiralty and also referred to as maritime law) is a distinct body of law which governs maritime questions and offenses. ... Ships can pollute the waterways and oceans in many ways. ... The Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe is a tiny two- island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, distanced 140 kilometers from one another, and situated about 250 and 225 kilometers, respectively, off the northwestern coast of Gabon. ...