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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, or UK, is in Western Europe. It comprises the island of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and the northeastern one-sixth of the island of Ireland (Northern Ireland), together with many smaller islands. The mainland areas lie between latitudes 49°N and 59°N (the Shetland Islands reach to nearly 61°N), and longitudes 8°W to 2°E. The Royal Greenwich Observatory, in South East London, is the defining point of the Prime Meridian. The United Kingdom has a total area of about 245,000 km², almost a quarter-of-a-million square kilometres. This article explains the archipelago in north-western Europe. ...
A current understanding of Western Europe. ...
For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the country. ...
This article is about the country. ...
Northern Ireland (Irish: , Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a constituent country of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 km², about a sixth of the islands total area). ...
The Shetland Islands, also called Shetland (archaically spelled Zetland) formerly called Hjaltland, comprise one of 32 council areas of Scotland. ...
Royal Observatory, Greenwich The original site of the Royal Greenwich Observatory (RGO), which was built as a workplace for the Astronomer Royal, was on a hill in Greenwich Park in Greenwich, London, overlooking the River Thames. ...
South East London is an area of London, England. ...
Location of the Prime Meridian Image:Prime Meridian. ...
Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ...
The UK lies between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, and comes within 35 km (22 miles) of the northwest coast of France, from which it is separated by the English Channel. Northern Ireland shares a 360 km international land boundary with the Republic of Ireland. The Channel Tunnel ("Chunnel") bored beneath the English Channel, now links the UK with France. The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ...
“km†redirects here. ...
“Miles†redirects here. ...
For the Thoroughbred racehorse of the same name, see English Channel (horse). ...
The Channel Tunnel (French: ), also known as Chunnel or Eurotunnel, is a 50. ...
Physical geography The physical geography of the UK varies greatly. It includes the chalk cliffs of Kent and Dorset, the rolling hills and fields of southeast England, the granite cliffs of Cornwall, the mountains of Wales, the uplands of the Peak District and the Pennines, the lakes and mountains of Cumbria, the Scottish lowlands, highlands and islands, and the fields, lakes and mountains of Northern Ireland. The country can be roughly divided into highland and lowland along the Tees-Exe line. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1400x1670, 597 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1400x1670, 597 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...
This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...
True-color image of the Earths surface and atmosphere Physical geography (also know as geosystems or physiography) is a subfield of geography that focuses on the systematic study of patterns and processes within the hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere. ...
For other uses, see Chalk (disambiguation). ...
“Precipice†redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Kent (disambiguation). ...
Dorset (pronounced DOR-sit or [dɔ.sət], and sometimes in the past called Dorsetshire) is a county in the south-west of England, on the English Channel coast. ...
For other uses, see granite (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Cornwall (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Mountain (disambiguation). ...
The Peak District is an upland area in central and northern England, lying mainly in northern Derbyshire, but also covering parts of Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Staffordshire, and South and West Yorkshire. ...
Typical Pennine scenery. ...
For other uses, see Lake (disambiguation). ...
Cumbria (IPA: ), is a shire county in the extreme North West of England. ...
Lowland-Highland divide The Scottish Lowlands (a Ghalldachd, meaning roughly the non-Gaelic region, in Gaelic), although not officially a geographical area of the country, in normal usage is generally meant to include those parts of Scotland not referred to as the Highlands (or GÃ idhealtachd), that is, everywhere due...
Lowland-Highland divide Highland Sign with welcome in English and Gaelic The Scottish Highlands (A Ghà idhealtachd in Gaelic) include the rugged and mountainous regions of Scotland north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault. ...
The Tees-Exe line is an imaginary line that can be draw on a map of the British mainland which roughly divides the lowland and upland regions of the country. ...
The overall geomorphology of the UK was shaped by the combined forces of tectonics and climate change, in particular glaciation. Surface of the Earth Geomorphology is the study of landforms, including their origin and evolution, and the processes that shape them. ...
The tectonic plates of the world were mapped in the second half of the 20th century. ...
Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 450,000 years For current global climate change, see Global warming. ...
A glaciation (a created composite term meaning Glacial Period, referring to the Period or Era of, as well as the process of High Glacial Activity), often called an ice age, is a geological phenomenon in which massive ice sheets form in the Arctic and Antarctic and advance toward the equator. ...
The exact centre of the island of Great Britain is disputed. Depending upon how it is calculated it can be either Haltwhistle in Northumberland, or Dunsop Bridge in Lancashire. Map sources for Haltwhistle at grid reference NY7064 Haltwhistle is a town in Northumberland, England, situated ten miles east of Brampton, near Hadrians Wall. ...
Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. ...
Dunsop Bridge is a village in Lancashire, England. ...
Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea. ...
Geology -
The geology of the United Kingdom is varied and diverse. This gives up to the wide variety of landscapes found across the UK. This variety, coupled with the early efforts of UK based scientists and geologists to understand it, has influenced the naming of many geological concepts, including many of the geological periods (for example, the Ordovician period is named after the Ordovices, a people of early Britain; the Devonian period is named after the county of Devon in south-west England). Geological map of Great Britain. ...
This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...
The geologic time scale is used by geologists and other scientists to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred during the history of the Earth. ...
Artist impression of the Ordovician Sea. ...
The Ordovices were one of the Celtic tribes living in the British Islands, before the Roman invasion of Britain. ...
For the Celtic language, see Southwestern Brythonic language; for the residents of the English county, see Devon. ...
For other uses, see Devon (disambiguation). ...
The oldest rocks in the UK are gneisses which date from at least 2,700 Ma ("Ma" means "millions of years ago") in the Archaean Period, which are found in the far north west of Scotland and in the Hebrides, with a few small outcrops elsewhere. South of the gneisses are a complex mixture of rocks forming the North West Highlands and Grampian Highlands in Scotland. These are essentially the remains of folded sedimentary rock, deposited over the gneiss, from 1,000 Ma, with a notable 7 km thick layer of Torridon Sandstone being deposited about 800 Ma, as well as the debris deposited by an ice sheet 670 Ma. Gneiss Gneiss (pronounced ) is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from preexisting formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks. ...
The Archean is a geologic eon; it is a somewhat antiquated term for the time span between 2500 million years before the present and 3800 million years before the present. ...
This article is about the Hebrides islands in Scotland. ...
Lowland-Highland divide Highland Sign with welcome in English and Gaelic The Scottish Highlands (A Ghà idhealtachd in Gaelic) include the rugged and mountainous regions of Scotland north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault. ...
Grampian (Roinn a Mhonaidh in Gaelic) was a local government region of Scotland from 1975 to 1996. ...
Two types of sedimentary rock: limey shale overlain by limestone. ...
In geology, Torridonian describes a series of proterozoic arenaceous sedimentary rocks, extensively developed in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland, and particularly in the district of upper Loch Torridon, a circumstance which suggested the name Torridon Sandstone, first applied to these rocks by James Nicol. ...
This article is about geological phenomena. ...
An ice sheet is a mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 km² (19,305 mile²).[1] The only current ice sheets are in Antarctica and Greenland; during the last ice age at Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) the Laurentide ice sheet covered much...
The remains of ancient volcanic islands underlie much of central England with small outcrops visible in many places. Around 600 Ma, the Cadomian Orogeny (mountain building period) caused the English and Welsh landscape to be transformed into a mountainous region, along with much of north west Europe. Cleveland Volcano in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska photographed from the International Space Station For other uses, see Volcano (disambiguation). ...
Period between the Neoproterozoic and the Cambrian era where was formed mountains that form basement of many parts of Europe. ...
For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...
The Welsh Skiddaw slate deposits formed at around 500 Ma, during the Ordovician Period. At about this time, around 425 Ma, north Wales (and south Mayo in Ireland) experienced volcanic activity. The remains of these volcanoes are still visible, for example Rhobell Fwar, dating from 510 Ma. Large quantities of volcanic lava and ash known as the Borrowdale Volcanics covered both Wales and the Lake District, still seen in the form of mountains such as Helvellyn and Scafell Pike. Skiddaw is a mountain in the Lake District National Park in the United Kingdom. ...
For other uses, see Slate (disambiguation). ...
Artist impression of the Ordovician Sea. ...
This article is about the country. ...
Statistics Province: Connacht County Town: Castlebar Code: MO Area: 5,397 km² Population (2006) 123,648 Website: www. ...
This article is about volcanoes in geology. ...
Look up lava, Aa, pahoehoe in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The Borrowdale Volcanics or, more correctly, in modern terminology, the Borrowdale Volcanic Group are a development of volcanic rocks named after the Borrowdale area of the Lake District, in England. ...
The panorama across Eskdale from Ill Crag. ...
Helvellyn is a mountain in the English Lake District, the apex of the Eastern Fells . ...
At 978 metres (3,210 feet), Scafell Pike is the highest mountain in England. ...
In the Silurian Period, between 425 and 400 Ma, the Caledonian fold mountains formed (the Caledonian Orogeny), covering much of what is now the UK to perhaps 8,000 feet (2,500 m) thick. Volcanic ashes and lavas deposited during this period are still found in the Mendip Hills and in Pembrokeshire. For other uses, see Silurian (disambiguation). ...
The Caledonian orogeny is a hypothetical series of events in geologic history explaining a group of highland formations that are very similar in composition, stratigraphy and fossils: the mountains and hills of northern England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland and west Norway. ...
The Mendip Hills (commonly called The Mendips) are a range of limestone hills (karst) situated to the south of Bristol and Bath in north Somerset, England. ...
Pembrokeshire (Welsh: ) is a county in the southwest of Wales in the United Kingdom. ...
Volcanic deposits formed Ben Nevis in the Devonian Period. Sea levels varied considerably, with the coastline advancing and retreating from north to south across England, and with the deposition of numerous sedimentary rock layers. The Old Red Sandstone of Devon gave the period its name, though deposits are found in many other places. Ben Nevis (Gaelic: Beinn Nibheis) is the highest mountain in Great Britain. ...
For the Celtic language, see Southwestern Brythonic language; for the residents of the English county, see Devon. ...
The Old Red Sandstone is a rock formation of considerable importance to early paleontology. ...
For other uses, see Devon (disambiguation). ...
During the Carboniferous Period, around 360 Ma, the UK was lying at the equator, covered by the warm shallow waters of the Rheic Ocean, during which time the Carboniferous limestone was deposited, still found in areas such as the Mendip Hills and the Pennines. The coal measures were formed at this time, in river deltas, swamps and rain forests. Coal can be found in many areas of the UK, as far North as Sutherland and as far south as Kent, though it has largely been mined in the Midlands, northern England and Wales. Also formed were the Millstone Grits. The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian period, about 359. ...
The Rheic Ocean was an ocean in the Paleozoic Era that existed between the continent of Baltica (northern Europe) and number of terranes broken up from Gondwana, including the future southern Europe. ...
The Mendip Hills (commonly called The Mendips) are a range of limestone hills (karst) situated to the south of Bristol and Bath in north Somerset, England. ...
Typical Pennine scenery. ...
A coal measure (stratigraphic unit) is the name given to any rock sequence that occurs in the upper part of the Carboniferous System in Europe. ...
Nile River delta, as seen from Earth orbit. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
A rainforest is a forested biome with high annual rainfall. ...
For other uses, see Kent (disambiguation). ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Gritstone is a sedimentary rock composed of coarse sand grains and is a coarser version of sandstone. ...
During the Permian and Triassic Periods, much of the UK was beneath shallow seas, leading to the deposition of sedimentary rocks such as shale, limestone, gravel, and marl. The seas finally receded to leave a flat desert with salt pans. The Permian is a geologic period that extends from about 299. ...
The Triassic is a geologic period that extends from about 251 to 199 Ma (million years ago). ...
Shale Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. ...
Gravel (largest fragment in this photo is about 4 cm) Gravel is rock that is of a certain particle size range. ...
Marls are calcium carbonate or lime rich muds or mudstones which contain variable amounts of clays and calcite or aragonite. ...
Salt pans can refer to: Salt pan (geology), a flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals, usually found in deserts. ...
At the beginning of the Jurassic Period, the UK was under-water again, leading to the deposition of sedimentary rocks which now underlie much of England from the Cleveland Hills of Yorkshire to the Jurassic Coast in Dorset, including clays, sandstones, and the oolitic limestone of the Cotswold Hills. The burial of algae and bacteria below the mud of the sea floor during this time resulted in the formation of North Sea oil and natural gas. The Jurassic Period is a major unit of the geologic timescale that extends from about 199. ...
The Cleveland Hills are (some grographical feature in England). ...
For other uses, see Yorkshire (disambiguation). ...
The Jurassic Coast is a World Heritage Site on the English Channel coast of southern England. ...
Dorset (pronounced DOR-sit or [dɔ.sət], and sometimes in the past called Dorsetshire) is a county in the south-west of England, on the English Channel coast. ...
For other uses, see Clay (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Oolite (disambiguation). ...
The Cotswolds are a range of hills in central England, sometimes called the heart of England, a hilly area reaching nearly 300 m or 1000 feet. ...
For the programming language, see algae (programming language). ...
Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. ...
// North Sea Oil Platforms North Sea oil refers to oil and natural gas (hydrocarbons) produced from oil reservoirs beneath the North Sea. ...
For other uses, see Natural gas (disambiguation). ...
In the Cretaceous Period, much of the UK was again below the sea and chalk and flints were deposited over much of Great Britain. These are now notably exposed at the White Cliffs of Dover, and form Salisbury Plain, the Chiltern Hills, the South Downs and other similar features. // The Cretaceous Period (pronounced ) is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic Period (i. ...
For other uses, see Chalk (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the sedimentary rock. ...
, Dover is a major channel port in the English county of Kent. ...
This article is about the plateau in southern England; Salisbury Plain is also an area on South Georgia Island. ...
The Chiltern Hills are a chalk escarpment in south east England. ...
Near Beachy Head The South Downs is one of the two areas of chalk downland in southern England. ...
The last volcanic rocks in the UK were formed in the early Tertiary Period, between 63 and 52 Ma, with the major eruptions that formed the Antrim Plateau and the basaltic columns of the Giant's Causeway. Further sediments were deposited over southern England, including the London clay, while the English Channel consisted of mud flats and river deposited sands. Tertiary geological time interval covers roughly the time span between the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs and beginning of the most recent Ice Age, approximately 65 million to 1. ...
Statistics Province: Ulster County Town: Antrim Area: 2,844 km² Population (est. ...
For the cities, see Basalt, Colorado and Basalt, Idaho. ...
For other uses, see Giants Causeway (disambiguation). ...
The London Clay is a marine deposit which is well known for the fossils it contains. ...
For the Thoroughbred racehorse of the same name, see English Channel (horse). ...
Mudflats are relatively flat, muddy regions found in intertidal areas. ...
For other uses, see Sand (disambiguation). ...
The major changes during the last few million years, during the Quaternary Period, have been brought about by several recent ice ages, leaving a legacy of U-shaped valleys in highland areas, and fertile (if often stoney) soil in southern U.K. The Quaternary Period is the geologic time period from the end of the Pliocene Epoch roughly 1. ...
Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ...
Mountains and hills -
The ten tallest mountains in the UK are all found in Scotland. The highest peaks in each part of the UK are: Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 431 KB) Ben Nevis, Scotland. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 431 KB) Ben Nevis, Scotland. ...
This article is about the unit of length. ...
Ben Nevis (Gaelic: Beinn Nibheis) is the highest mountain in Great Britain. ...
This is a links page to the hills and mountains to be found in the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales), and includes lists of the highest mountains in each of the constituent countries. ...
For other uses, see Mountain (disambiguation). ...
The ranges of mountains and hills in the UK include: Ben Nevis (Gaelic: Beinn Nibheis) is the highest mountain in Great Britain. ...
Nevis Range is a mountain resort, located near the town of Fort William in the Highlands of Scotland. ...
This article is about the unit of length. ...
Snowdon, the highest mountain in Wales and the highest British mountain south of the Scottish Highlands, is probably the busiest mountain in Britain [1]. It is located in Snowdonia National Park (Welsh: Parc Cenedlaethol Eryri). ...
The Cambrian Mountains are a mountain range in Mid Wales, reaching from the Brecon Beacons in South Wales to Snowdonia in North Wales. ...
At 978 metres (3,210 feet), Scafell Pike is the highest mountain in England. ...
Crinkle Crags as seen from the adjoining fell of Cold Pike. ...
Slieve Donard (Sliabh Domangard or Sliabh Dónairt in Irish) is the highest mountain in Northern Ireland at 849 m (2,786 ft). ...
The granite Mountains of Mourne are located in the first proposed national park of Northern Ireland. ...
Hills redirects here. ...
- Scotland: Cairngorms, Cheviot Hills, Scottish Highlands, Southern Uplands, Grampian Mountains
- Wales: Brecon Beacons, Cambrian Mountains, Snowdonia, Black Mountains, Preseli Hills
- England: Chilterns, Cotswolds, Dartmoor, Lincolnshire Wolds, Exmoor, Lake District, Malvern Hills, Mendip Hills, North Downs, Peak District, Pennines, Salisbury Plain, South Downs, Shropshire Hills, Yorkshire Wolds
- Northern Ireland: Mourne Mountains, Antrim Plateau, Sperrin Mountains
The lowest point of the UK is in the Fens of East Anglia, in England, parts of which lie up to 4 metres below sea level. The Cairngorms: Ben Macdhui seen from Carn aMhaim This article is about the Scottish mountain range. ...
The Cheviot Hills are a range of rolling hills straddling the England/Scotland border between Northumberland and the Scottish Borders. ...
Lowland-Highland divide Highland Sign with welcome in English and Gaelic The Scottish Highlands (A Ghà idhealtachd in Gaelic) include the rugged and mountainous regions of Scotland north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault. ...
The Southern Uplands is the southernmost of Scotlands three major geographic areas (the others being the Central Belt and the Highlands). ...
The Grampian Mountains or Grampians are one of the three major mountain ranges in Scotland. ...
Part of the Brecon Beacons, looking from the highest point Pen y Fan, 886 m (2907 feet), to Cribyn, 795 m (2608 feet) The Brecon Beacons (Welsh: Bannau Brycheiniog) are a mountain range located in the south-east of Wales. ...
The Cambrian Mountains are a mountain range in Mid Wales, reaching from the Brecon Beacons in South Wales to Snowdonia in North Wales. ...
Tryfans north ridge (seen on the left in this picture) in Snowdonia. ...
The Black Mountains are a group of hills in south-eastern Wales, and a small part of Herefordshire, England. ...
Categories: Mountains and hills of south Wales | Pembrokeshire ...
The Chiltern Hills are a chalk escarpment that stretches in a south_west to north_east diagonal across several counties of southern England, but is most prominent in Buckinghamshire. ...
The Cotswolds is the name given to a range of hills in central England, sometimes called the Heart of England, a hilly area reaching over 300 m or 1000 feet. ...
High Willhays, the highest point on Dartmoor and southern England at 621 m (2037 ft) above sea level, with Yes Tor beyond. ...
The Lincolnshire Wolds are a range of hills in the county of Lincolnshire, UK. They are a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), and the highest area of land in eastern England between Yorkshire and Kent. ...
Dunkery Beacon, with heather in bloom Exmoor National Park is a national park situated on the Bristol Channel coast of Devon and Somerset in South West England. ...
The panorama across Eskdale from Ill Crag. ...
Malvern Hills in June, looking north. ...
The Mendip Hills (commonly called The Mendips) are a range of limestone hills (karst) situated to the south of Bristol and Bath in north Somerset, England. ...
Geology of the South East, Chalk is light green (6) A cross-section , showing the Wealden Dome, and relating it to the towns of Kent The North Downs are a ridge of chalk hills located in south east England that stretch for 120 miles (190 km) from Hampshire through Surrey...
The Peak District is an upland area in central and northern England, lying mainly in northern Derbyshire, but also covering parts of Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Staffordshire, and South and West Yorkshire. ...
Typical Pennine scenery. ...
This article is about the plateau in southern England; Salisbury Plain is also an area on South Georgia Island. ...
Near Beachy Head The South Downs is one of the two areas of chalk downland in southern England. ...
The Shropshire Hills area is designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), in the English county of Shropshire, close to the border with Wales. ...
The Yorkshire Wolds are an area of low hills and valleys in the East Riding of Yorkshire in North-Eastern England. ...
The granite Mountains of Mourne are located in the first proposed national park of Northern Ireland. ...
Sperrins is a mountain range in Northern Ireland. ...
The Fens may also refer to the Back Bay Fens, a park in Boston, Massachusetts. ...
Norfolk and Suffolk, the core area of East Anglia. ...
For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ...
Rivers and lakes - Main articles
The longest river in the UK is the River Severn (220 mi, 354 km) which flows through both Wales and England. The list of Lakes of the United Kingdom is a link page for the lakes of the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland). ...
This is a list of rivers of Great Britain. ...
This is a links page to the waterfalls found in the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales), and includes a list of the highest waterfalls. ...
Severn redirects here. ...
A mile is any of several units of distance, or, in physics terminology, of length. ...
The longest rivers in the UK by country are:
The largest lakes in the UK by country are: This article is about the River Thames in southern England. ...
The Tay is a river starting in the Highlands and flowing down into the centre of Scotland through Perth and Dundee. ...
The River Bann is the largest river in Northern Ireland. ...
Categories: UK geography stubs | Rivers in Wales ...
The deepest lake in the UK is Loch Morar with a maximum depth of 309 metres (Loch Ness is second at 228 metres deep). The deepest lake in England is Wastwater which descends to 79 metres (258 feet). This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
For other uses, see Loch Lomond (disambiguation). ...
Windermere from the north. ...
Lake Vyrnwy (Llyn Efyrnwy or Fyrnwy in Welsh) is a Victorian reservoir in North Wales built in the 1880s by the Corporation of Liverpool to provide fresh water for the city, over 70 miles away. ...
Loch Morar is a body of fresh water on the west coast of the Scottish Highlands. ...
For other uses, see Loch Ness (disambiguation). ...
Categories: English lakes | Cumbria | UK geography stubs ...
This article is about the unit of length. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
Artificial waterways Main articles: Waterways in the United Kingdom, Canals of Great Britain, Reservoirs and dams in the United Kingdom Waterways in the United Kingdom is a link page for any river, canal, firth or estuary in the United Kingdom. ...
// See NO History of the British canal system for a more detailed history. ...
Reservoirs and dams in the United Kingdom is a link page for any reservoir or dam in the United Kingdom. ...
As a result of its industrial history, the United Kingdom has an extensive system of canals, mostly built in the early years of the Industrial Revolution, before the rise of competition from the railways. The United Kingdom also has numerous dams and reservoirs to store water for drinking and industry. The generation of hydroelectric power is rather limited, supplying less than 2% of British electricity mainly from the Scottish Highlands. For other uses, see Canal (disambiguation). ...
A Watt steam engine, the steam engine that propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world. ...
This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ...
This article is about structures for water impoundment. ...
The Ashokan Reservoir, located in Ulster County, New York, USA. It is one of 19 that supplies New York City with drinking water. ...
Hydroelectric dam diagram The waters of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped-Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. ...
Coastline
 United Kingdom maritime claims The UK has a coastline which measures about 12,429 km. The heavy indentation of the coastline helps to ensure that no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters. Graphic by Keith Edkins File links The following pages link to this file: Geography of the United Kingdom Categories: GFDL images ...
Graphic by Keith Edkins File links The following pages link to this file: Geography of the United Kingdom Categories: GFDL images ...
Bedruthan Steps, North Cornwall, A spectacular section of the UK coastline, managed by the National Trust The coastline of the United Kingdom is a remarkable area for a number of reasons. ...
The UK claims jurisdiction over the continental shelf, as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries, an exclusive fishing zone of 200 nmi (370 km), and territorial sea of 12 nmi (22 km). Sediment Rock Mantle The global continental shelf, highlighted in cyan The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain, which is covered during interglacial periods such as the current epoch by relatively shallow seas (known as shelf seas) and gulfs. ...
A nautical mile or sea mile is a unit of length. ...
Inlets The term Cardigan Bay, when used by itself, can refer to: A horse called Cardigan Bay A bay in Wales called Cardigan Bay A bay in Prince Edward Island called Cardigan Bay This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same...
Lyme Bay shown within Great Britain Lyme Bay is an area of the English Channel situated in the southwest of England between Torbay in the west and Portland in the east. ...
Satellite view of the Bristol Channel Map of the Bristol Channel The Bristol Channel (Welsh: ) is a major inlet in the island of Great Britain, separating South Wales from the West Country and extending from the lower estuary of the River Severn (Afon Hafren) to that part of the North...
The Thames Estuary is a large estuary where the River Thames flows into the North Sea. ...
Morecambe Bay at low tide from Hest Bank, looking towards Grange-over-Sands. ...
Map of Solway Firth. ...
The Wash, as seen looking west from Heacham, Norfolk The Wash is also the name of a 2001 film. ...
Humber is also the name of one of the ranges of cars manufactured by the Rootes Group Humber is also the name of a river in Newfoundland, Canada, as well as a river and a college, both in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ...
The Firth of Forth from Calton Hill The Forth Bridges cross the Firth Satellite photo of the Firth and the surrounding area Map of the Firth Firth of Forth (Scottish Gaelic: Linne Foirthe) is the estuary or firth of Scotlands River Forth, where it flows into the North Sea...
The Firth of Tay is a firth in Scotland between the regions of Fife and City of Dundee into to which Scotlands largest river in terms of flow, the River Tay empties. ...
The Moray Firth is a roughly triangular area of the North Sea, north and east of Inverness. ...
Headlands The geology of the UK is such that there are many headlands along its coast, here are some of the most notable ones: Bay redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Cornwall (disambiguation). ...
Lands End shown within Cornwall Lands End, the most westerly point in England The wreck of the RMS Mülheim at Lands End, 2003 This article is about the location at the western tip of Cornwall. ...
Lizard Point The Lizard is a peninsula of Cornwall, United Kingdom, and contains the most southerly point of the island Great Britain, Lizard Point. ...
Cape Cornwall, Englands only cape Cape Cornwall is a small headland in Cornwall, England, four miles north of Lands End near the village St Just. ...
Cumbria (IPA: ), is a shire county in the extreme North West of England. ...
Furness (IPA: ) is a peninsula in the southern part of Cumbria, in north-west England. ...
For other uses, see Devon (disambiguation). ...
Start Point, Devon Start Point is a promontory in the South Hams distict, one of the most southernly points in Devon, England, grid reference SX832370. ...
Berry Head is a coastal headland at the southern end of Torbay, to the southeast of Brixham, Devon, England. ...
Hartland Point is a rocky outcrop of land on the coast of Devon in the United Kingdom. ...
Dorset (pronounced DOR-sit or [dɔ.sət], and sometimes in the past called Dorsetshire) is a county in the south-west of England, on the English Channel coast. ...
Old Harry Rocks peak A stack at Old Harry rocks Old Harry Rocks at Handfast Point are a small but characteristic set of coastal landforms off Ballard Down at the eastern end of the Jurassic Coast world heritage site near Swanage in Dorset, England. ...
Limestone cliffs at St Aldhelms Head St Albans Head (corruption of St. ...
Pulpit Rock at Portland Bill Portland Bill is a narrow promontory (or bill) of Portland stone which forms the most southerly part of Isle of Portland, and hence the county of Dorset. ...
For other uses, see Isle of Wight (disambiguation). ...
The Needles from the cliffs inshore The Needles is a row of distinctive stacks of chalk that rise out of the sea off the western extremity of the Isle of Wight, England, close to Alum Bay. ...
St. ...
For other uses, see Kent (disambiguation). ...
The North Foreland and South Foreland are two chalk headlands on the Kent coast of southern England, overlooking the Strait of Dover. ...
West Sussex is a county in the south of England, bordering onto East Sussex (with Brighton and Hove), Hampshire and Surrey. ...
Selsey Bill is a headland into the English Channel on the south coast of England in the county of West Sussex. ...
East Sussex is a county in South East England. ...
How the Beachy Head Lighthouse was built. ...
Sutherland (Cataibh in Gaelic) is a committee area of the Highland Council, Scotland, a registration county, and a lieutenancy area. ...
Cape Wrath lighthouse Cape Wrath (Scottish Gaelic: Am Parbh (An Carbh in Lewis) is a cape in Sutherland, Highland, in northern Scotland. ...
This article is about the country. ...
Gower redirects here. ...
Wigtownshire is a small traditional county in the south west of Scotland. ...
The Rhins of Galloway (known locally simply as The Rhins) is a hammer-head peninsula in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. ...
For other uses, see Yorkshire (disambiguation). ...
The chalk tower near Flamborough Head. ...
Spurn Head is a sand spit at the mouth of the Humber, England. ...
Coastal change
Islands In total, it is estimated that the UK is made up of over 1000 small islands, some being natural and some being man-made crannogs, which were built in past times using stone and wood and which were enlarged by natural waste building up over time. A crannog is the name given in Scotland and Ireland to an artificial island or natural island, used for a settlement and usually linked to shore with a timber gangway or stone causeway. ...
This is a list of the islands of England, the mainland of which is part of the island of Great Britain, as well as a table of the largest English islands by area. ...
This article is about the island of Lundy, which is part of England. ...
Scilly redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Isle of Wight (disambiguation). ...
The Inner Farne seen from Seahouses harbour The Farne Islands (also referred to less formally as the Farnes) are a group of islands off the coast of Northumberland, England. ...
Map of the UK showing the location of Lindisfarne at 55. ...
The Isle of Portland is a long by wide limestone island in the English Channel. ...
Walney Island, otherwise the Isle of Walney is the eighth-largest marine island off the coast of England. ...
This is a list of the islands of Scotland, the mainland of which is part of the island of Great Britain, as well as a table of the largest Scottish islands. ...
The Orkney Islands, usually called simply Orkney, are one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. ...
The Shetland Islands, also called Shetland (archaically spelled Zetland) formerly called Hjaltland, comprise one of 32 council areas of Scotland. ...
The Hebrides (Inner Hebrides in red) The Inner Hebrides are a group of islands off the west coast of Scotland, to the south east of the Outer Hebrides. ...
Na h-Eileanan Siar (Western Isles) redirects here. ...
Rockall, a small, isolated rocky islet in the North Atlantic Ocean Rockall is a small, uninhabited, rocky islet in the North Atlantic, and one of the sea areas named in the Shipping Forecast broadcast on BBC Radio 4. ...
Bass Rock from North Berwick. ...
West cliffs, looking southwest towards Malcolms Head. ...
This is a list of the islands of Wales, the mainland of which is part of Great Britain, as well as a table of the largest Welsh islands by area. ...
Anglesey (historically Anglesea; Welsh: , pronounced (IPA)) is a predominantly Welsh-speaking island off the northwest coast of Wales. ...
Skomer is an island off south west Pembrokeshire in Wales. ...
Skokholm is an uninhabited island off south west Pembrokeshire in Wales, lying south of Skomer. ...
Ramsey Island lies one mile offshore of St Davids in Pembrokeshire, Wales. ...
Bardsey Island (Welsh: Ynys Enlli) lies off the Lleyn peninsula, in north Wales. ...
Map showing the location of shipwrecks around Holy Island Holy Island (in Welsh, Ynys Cybi, the island of St. ...
This is a list of islands of Ireland. ...
Rathlin Islands location Bird sanctuary on Rathlin Island False-colour NASA Landsat image showing Rathlin, the Antrim coast, and Kintyre Rathlin Island (Irish: Reachlainn) is an island off the coast of County Antrim in Northern Ireland, and is the northernmost point of the region. ...
Climate -
The climate of the UK varies, but is generally temperate, though significantly warmer than some other locations at similar latitude, such as central Poland, due to the warming influence of the Gulf Stream. In general, the south is warmer and drier than the north. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
For the usage in virology, see temperate (virology). ...
For the album by Ocean Colour Scene, see North Atlantic Drift (album) The Gulf Stream is orange and yellow in this representation of water temperatures of the Atlantic. ...
The prevailing winds are southwesterly, from the North Atlantic Current. More than 50% of the days are overcast. There are few natural hazards, although there can be strong winds and floods, especially in winter. Schematic of the worlds ocean currents. ...
Average annual rainfall varies from over 3,000 mm (120 inches) in the Scottish Highlands down to 553 mm (21.8 inches) in Cambridge. The county of Essex is one of the driest in the UK, with an average annual rainfall of around 600 mm (24 inches), although it typically rains on over 100 days per year. In some years rainfall in Essex can be below 450 mm (18 inches), less than the average annual rainfall in Jerusalem and Beirut. A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
Mid-19th century tool for converting between different standards of the inch An inch is an Imperial unit of length. ...
Lowland-Highland divide Highland Sign with welcome in English and Gaelic The Scottish Highlands (A Ghà idhealtachd in Gaelic) include the rugged and mountainous regions of Scotland north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault. ...
This article is about the city in England. ...
This article is about the county of Essex in England. ...
For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the Lebanese city. ...
The highest temperature recorded in the UK was 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) at Brogdale, near Faversham, in the county of Kent, on August 10, 2003. The lowest was -27.2 °C (-17.0 °F) recorded at Braemar in the Grampian Mountains, Scotland, on February 11, 1895 and January 10, 1982 and Altnaharra, also in Scotland, on December 30, 1995. Brogdale is a hamlet in Kent, England, located beside the M2 motorway two miles south of Faversham. ...
Faversham is a town in Kent, England, in the district of Swale, roughly halfway between Sittingbourne and Canterbury. ...
For other uses, see Kent (disambiguation). ...
is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Braemar (Scottish Gaelic, Baile a Chaisteil Bhrà igh Mhà rr) is a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, around 58 miles west of Aberdeen in the Highlands. ...
The Grampian Mountains or Grampians are one of the three major mountain ranges in Scotland. ...
is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ...
Altnaharra (Ordnance Survey grid reference NC567352) is a small hamlet in Sutherland in the Highland region of northern Scotland. ...
is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday. ...
Human geography Image File history File links Uk-map. ...
Image File history File links Uk-map. ...
For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...
Northern Ireland (Irish: , Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a constituent country of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 km², about a sixth of the islands total area). ...
This article is about the country. ...
This article is about the country. ...
Demographics Main article: Demographics of the United Kingdom It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with English population statistics. ...
Political geography Main article: Politics of the United Kingdom The Politics of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland takes place in the framework of a constitutional monarchy in which the Monarch is head of state and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government. ...
National government The UK is governed as a whole by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Type Bicameral Houses House of Commons House of Lords Speaker of the House of Commons Michael Martin MP Speaker of the House of Lords Hélène Hayman, PC Members 1377 (646 Commons, 731 Peers) Political groups Labour Party Conservative Party Liberal Democrats Scottish National Party Plaid Cymru Democratic Unionist...
Of the four countries that make the UK, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved administrations and parliaments/assembly: This article is about the country. ...
This article is about the country. ...
Northern Ireland (Irish: , Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a constituent country of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 km², about a sixth of the islands total area). ...
England, despite being the largest country in the UK, has no devolved system of government and is governed by UK government ministers and legislated for by the UK parliament. Within England, London has a devolved assembly but proposals for elected Regional Assemblies in England were rejected in the first referendum covering North East England. See Government of England. The logo of the Northern Ireland Assembly, a six flowered linen or flax plant. ...
For the national legislative body up to 1707, see Parliament of Scotland. ...
The National Assembly for Wales (or NAW) (Welsh: Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru) was established in 1998, following a 1997 referendum in which a small majority of voters (but not the electorate) voted in favour of the Labour Governments plans for devolution. ...
Regional Assembly is a title which has universally been adopted by the English bodies established as regional chambers under the Regional Development Agencies Act 1998. ...
North-East England is one of the nine official regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear and a small part of North Yorkshire. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The UK (specifically, Northern Ireland) has an international land boundary with the Republic of Ireland of 360 km. There is also a boundary between the jurisdiction of France and of the UK on the Channel Tunnel.
Local government -
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