FACTOID # 70: Contrary to the popular rhyme, the rain falls mainly on Guinea.
 
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Encyclopedia > George's Television Interface Adapter

George's Television Interface Adapter (GTIA) is the successor to the CTIA chip used in the Atari 8-bit computers. The GTIA chip was also used in the Atari 5200. George McLeod designed the chip. The Color Television Interface Adapter is the graphics chip used in some early Atari 400/800 home computers. ... An Atari 800XL, one of the most popular machines in the series. ... The Atari 5200 SuperSystem, or simply Atari 5200, is a video game console that was introduced in 1982 by Atari as a replacement for the famous Atari 2600. ...


The GTIA chip added the following capabilities to the existing CTIA:

  • 256 colors instead of 128. This was done by increasing the valid luminance values from 8 to 16.
  • 3 additional graphics modes. All 3 modes are 80x192 pixels, with the difference being in the colors allowed -- one mode allows for 16 shades of a single hue, one allows for 16 hues with a single shade/luminance value, and the last one allows for 9 colors of any hue/luminance.

GTIA also generates keyboard clicks.


In addition, due to differences in how the CTIA and the GTIA interface with the television, programs that depend on color artifacts will display differently.


By 1981, all Atari computers were equipped with the GTIA chip.


See also: ANTIC, CTIA AntiC (or JLint) is a programming tool for finding programming errors in source code. ... The Color Television Interface Adapter is the graphics chip used in some early Atari 400/800 home computers. ...


Versions

by part number

  • C014805 — NTSC. North America NTSC.
  • C014889 — PAL. European PAL.
  • C020120 — FGTIA. French SECAM video.
  • C020577 — CGIA. Combined ANTIC and GTIA.

Bugs

Atari XE computers made for the Eastern European market were built in China. Many if not all have a buggy PAL GTIA chip. The luma values in Gr.9 and higher are at fault, appearing as stripes. Only solution is to replace the chip. Television encoding systems by nation PAL, short for Phase Alternating Line, is a colour encoding system used in broadcast television systems in large parts of the world. ...


External links

 

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