George Bird Grinnell (1849 – 1938) was an American anthropologist, historian, naturalist, and writer. Grinnell was born in Brooklyn, New York, and graduated from Yale University with a B.A. in 1870 and a Ph.D. in 1880. Originally specializing in zoology, he became a prominent early conservationist and student of Native American life. 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... See Anthropology. ... A historian is a person who studies history. ... -1... For other meanings, see Brooklyn (disambiguation). ... Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut. ... Zoology (Greek zoon = animal and logos = word) is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals. ... Conservationists are those people who tend to more highly rank the wise use of the Earths resources and ecosystems. ... Assiniboin Boy, an Atsina Native Americans in the United States (also Indians, American Indians, First Americans, Indigenous Peoples, Aboriginal Peoples, Aboriginal Americans, Amerindians, Amerinds, or Original Americans) are those indigenous peoples within the territory which is now encompassed by the continental United States, and their descendants in modern times. ...

Exploration and conservation

Grinnell had extensive contact with the terrain, animals and Native Americans of the northern plains, starting with his participation in the last great hunt of the Pawnee in 1872. He spent many years pursuing the natural history of the region. As a graduate student, he accompanied Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer’s 1874 Black Hills expedition as a naturalist. In 1875, he was approached by Colonel William Ludlow, who had also been on Custer's gold exploration effort, to again serve as naturalist and minerologist on an expedition to Montana and the newly established Yellowstone Park. His experience in Yellowstone led to the production of the first of many magazine articles dealing with conservation and the American west. Pawnee The Pawnee (also Paneassa, Pari, Pariki) are a Native American tribe that historically lived along the Platte River in what is now Nebraska. ... George Armstrong Custer George Armstrong Custer (December 5, 1839 – June 25, 1876) was an American cavalry commander in the Civil War and the Indian Wars. ... The Black Hills are a small, isolated mountain range rising from the Great Plains of North America in western South Dakota and extending into Wyoming, USA. Set off from the main body of the Rocky Mountains, the region is somewhat of a geological anomaly. ... Yellowstone National Park is a U.S. National Park located in the states of Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. ...

Grinnell Glacier and Lake Josephine, Glacier National Park.

In 1885, Grinnell discovered the glacier in Montana that now bears his name and he was later influential in establishing Glacier National Park in 1910. He was also a member of the Edward Henry Harriman expedition of 1899, a two-month survey of the Alaskan coast by an elite group of scientists and artists. Grinnell Glacier at Glacier National Park File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Grinnell Glacier at Glacier National Park File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... There are two places in the Rocky Mountains of North America named Glacier National Park: Glacier National Park (U.S.) in Montana Glacier National Park (Canada) in British Columbia. ... A glacier is a large, long-lasting river of ice that is formed on land and moves in response to gravity. ... State nickname: Treasure State Other U.S. States Capital Helena Largest city Billings Governor Brian Schweitzer (D) Senators Max Baucus (D) Conrad Burns (R) Official language(s) English Area 381,156 km² (4th)  - Land 377,295 km²  - Water 3,862 km² (1%) Population (2000)  - Population 902,195 (44th)  - Density 2. ... There are two places in the Rocky Mountains of North America named Glacier National Park: Glacier National Park (U.S.) in Montana Glacier National Park (Canada) in British Columbia. ... Edward Henry Harriman (February 20, 1848 – September 9, 1909), better known as E. H. Harriman, was a wealthy railroad executive. ... State nickname: The Last Frontier, The Land of the Midnight Sun Other U.S. States Capital Juneau Largest city Anchorage Governor Frank Murkowski (R) Senators Ted Stevens (R) Lisa Murkowski (R) Official language(s) English Area 663,267 mi² / 1,717,854 km² (1st)  - Land 571,951 mi² / 1,481...

Grinnell was prominent in movements focusing on preservation of wildlife and conservation. In 1887, Grinnell was a founding member, with Theodore Roosevelt, of the Boone and Crockett Club, dedicated to the restoration of America's wildlands. Other founding members included General William Tecumseh Sherman and Gifford Pinchot. Grinnell and Roosevelt published the Club's first book in 1895. Grinnell also organized the first Audubon Society and was an organizer of the New York Zoological Society. Theodore Roosevelt (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was the 26th (1901–09) President of the United States. ... Portrait of William Tecumseh Sherman by Mathew Brady William Tecumseh Sherman (February 8, 1820 – February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, and author. ... Gifford Pinchot (August 11, 1865 – October 4, 1946) was the first Chief of the United States Forest Service (1905-1910) and the Republican Governor of Pennsylvania (1923-1927, 1931-1935). ... The National Audubon Society is an American non-profit environmental organization dedicated to nature conservancy. ... This article is about the zoo, for the tv series see The Bronx Zoo (TV). ...

Grinnell was editor of "Forest and Stream Magazine" from 1876 to 1911 and contributed many articles and essays to magazines and professional publications, including:

• "In Buffalo Days", a long essay, published in "American Big-Game Hunting", edited by Theodore Roosevelt and George Bird Grinnell, New York, 1893.
• "The Bison," a long essay, published in "Musk-Ox, Bison, Sheep and Goat", edited by Caspar Whitney, George Bird Grinnell, and Owen Wister, New York, 1904.

Species B. bison B. bonasus B. priscus A North American bison Bison is a taxonomic genus containing six species of large even-toed ungulates within the subfamily Bovinae. ... Species See text A Sheep is a mammal, one of several woolly ruminant quadrupeds in the genus Ovis. ... Species See Species and subspecies A goat is a mammal in the genus Capra, which consists of nine species: the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat. ...

Ethnology of the Plains Cultures

Grinnell’s books and publications reflect his lifelong study of the northern American plains and the Plains tribes. Along with J. A. Allen and William T. Hornaday, Grinnell was a historian of the buffalo and their relationship with Plains tribal culture. In "When Buffalo Ran" (1920), he focuses specifically on hunting and working buffalo from a buffalo horse. Joel Asaph Allen (July 19, 1838 - August 29, 1921) was an American zoologist and ornithologist. ...

Grinnell’s best known works are on the Cheyenne, including "The Fighting Cheyennes", published in 1915, and a two-volume work on "The Cheyenne Indians" (1923). In 1928, he presented the story of Frank Joshua North and Luther North in "Two Great Scouts and their Pawnee Battalion." Other works on the Plains culture area focusing on the Pawnee and Blackfeet people include "Pawnee Hero Stories" (1889), and "The Story of the Indian" (1895). Cheyenne lodges with buffalo meat drying, 1870 The Cheyenne are a Native American nation of the Great Plains. ... Crowfoot, former Head Chief of the Blackfeet Nation The Piegan Blackfeet, (Pikuni in Blackfoot) are a tribe of Blackfoot Native Americans based in Montana. ...

Selected papers by Grinnell were edited by J. F. Reiger in 1972.

External links

• Works by George Bird Grinnell at Project Gutenberg