George Grivas (Γεώργιος Γρίβας in Greek), also known as Digenis by Greeks, which he adopted while in EOKA, (1898 - 1974) was a Cyprus born Colonel in the Greek Army. EOKA (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston, in English National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of United Kingdom troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1974 calendar). ... The Hellenic Army, (Greek: Ελληνικός Στράτος) is the land force of Greece (The Hellenic Republic). ...

Life

He was born in the village of Trikomo that is now occupied by Turkish troops. He studied in the Hellenic Army Academy and worked as an officer in the Greek army. During the German-Italian-Bulgarian occupation of Greece in World War II he founded and led Organisation X. In his memoirs he describes it as a resistance organisation however the main aim of X was to fight the Communist EAM and ELAS. Grivas attempted to collaborate with the Nazis against EAM and ELAS but the Nazis were not interested in arming yet another band of Greeks. Organisation X was eventually armed with British weapons supplied directly by the British. Official language Turkish Capital LefkoÅŸa (Nicosia) , Founder Rauf DenktaÅŸ President Mehmet Ali Talat Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer House Speaker Fatma EkenoÄŸlu Area  - Total  - % water 3,355 km² 2. ... Hellenic may refer to: the Hellenic Republic (the modern Greek state) the Hellenes, itself a term for either ancient or modern Greeks anything related to Greece in general or Ancient Greece in particular. ... Combatants Allies: • Poland, • UK & Commonwealth, • France/Free France, • Soviet Union, • USA, • China, ...and others Axis: • Germany, • Italy, • Japan, ...and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total: 50 million Full list Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total: 12 million Full list World War II... The Ethniko Apeleftherotiko Metopo (ΕΑΜ) (Greek Εθηνικό Απελευθερωτικό Μέτωπο (ΕΑΜ), National Liberation Front) was the resistance movement founded by the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) during World War II against the Nazi occupation. ... An ELAS soldier Ethnikos Laikos Apeleftherotikos Stratos (ELAS) (Greek Εθνικός Λαϊκός Απελευθερωτικός Στρατός (ΕΛΑΣ) National Popular Liberation Army) was the military arm of the communist Ethniko Apeleftherotiko Metopo (EAM) (Εθνικό Απελευθερωτικό Μέτωπο (ΕΑΜ) National Liberation Front) during the period of the Greek Resistance and the Greek Civil War. ... The term National Socialism has been used in self-description by a number of different political groups and ideologies, some of which have no connection with the Nazis; see National socialism (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Nazism. ...

During the Nazi occupation, Organisation X was not big and its influence was limited in certain neighbourhoods of Athens. After the British arrived, Organisation X played an important role during the armed conflict for Athens between communists and royalists in December 1944 (see Greek Civil War) and its size and influence increased greatly. Athens (Greek: Αθήνα Athína IPA ) is the capital of Greece and one of the most famous cities in the world. ... Athens (Greek: Αθήνα Athína IPA ) is the capital of Greece and one of the most famous cities in the world. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... // Introduction An ELAS soldier The Greek Civil War was fought between 1946 and 1949, and was the first example of a post-war Communist insurgency. ...

After the end of the Greek Civil War, Grivas founded a political party and attempted to start a political career, but failed. He came back to Cyprus in the 1950s as the leader of the underground organisation EOKA aiming to force Britain to give Cyprus to Greece. 'Digenis' was the codename Grivas chose to use as leader of EOKA. It referred to Digenis Akritas, the legendary hero of folk songs who was a member of the elite Akrites, the border guards of the Byzantine Empire. The cause of enosis (union of Cyprus and Greece) was very popular in Cyprus and Greece. Action by EOKA began with bomb attacks on April 1st 1955. Grivas' anticommunism is considered to be the main reason for killings of members of the labour party of Cyprus, AKEL, by EOKA. Turkish and Turkish-Cypriot reaction to EOKA and enosis was expressed by the foundation of the underground organisation TMT and the rallying cry of taksim (division of the island into two separate Greek-Cypriot and Turkish-Cypriot parts). // Events and No. ... EOKA (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston, in English National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of United Kingdom troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... EOKA (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston, in English National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of United Kingdom troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... Digenis Acritas (Greek: Διγενής Ακρίτας) is the most famous epic poem that emerged out of the 12th century Byzantine Empire, following the Acritic songs tradition. ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: ) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Prominent issues in Greek foreign policy include a dispute over the name of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the enduring Cyprus problem, Greek-Turkish differences over the Aegean, and relations with the USA. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Greek refusal to recognize the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia... EOKA (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston, in English National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of United Kingdom troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Progressive Party of Working People (AKEL) (Greek: Ανορθωτικό Κόμμα Εργαζόμενου Λαού) is a socialist party in Cyprus. ... EOKA (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston, in English National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of United Kingdom troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... Turkish Cypriots are those inhabitants of Cyprus who are ethnically Turkish, as opposed to those who are of Greek (the Greek Cypriots) or other ethnicities. ... EOKA (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston, in English National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of United Kingdom troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... Prominent issues in Greek foreign policy include a dispute over the name of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the enduring Cyprus problem, Greek-Turkish differences over the Aegean, and relations with the USA. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Greek refusal to recognize the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Greek Cypriot refers to the Greek-speaking population of Cyprus. ... Turkish Cypriots are those inhabitants of Cyprus who are ethnically Turkish, as opposed to those who are of Greek (the Greek Cypriots) or other ethnicities. ...

Negotiations initially between Greece, U.S. and Turkey, and later including the UK and the Greek and Turkish-Cypriots, lead to the creation of an independent state in 1960, the Republic of Cyprus, the constitution of which was based on political equality between two communities, Greek and Turkish-Cypriot, and ruled out forever the possibility of enosis. Part of the agreement was that Grivas would leave Cyprus and go back to Greece. On his return to Greece, Grivas once again attempted to become active in politics, and failed. Motto: E pluribus unum (1789 to present) (Latin: Out of Many, One) In God We Trust (1956 to present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York, New York Official language(s) None at federal level; English de facto Government • President  â€¢ Vice President Federal republic... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... Prominent issues in Greek foreign policy include a dispute over the name of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the enduring Cyprus problem, Greek-Turkish differences over the Aegean, and relations with the USA. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Greek refusal to recognize the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia...

In December 1963 fighting broke out in Cyprus between Greek and Turkish-Cypriots. Grivas used the popularity he gained in the EOKA era to coerce Cyprus president Archbishop Makarios III and the Greek government into allowing him to return to Cyprus, and eventually into allowing him to become Supreme Military Commander of Cyprus. His attack in August 1964 against TMT forces in the Kokkina enclave resulted in the collapse of negotiations between the Americans, Greeks and Turks to solve the Cyprus issue on the basis of the Acheson plan, in attacks by the Turkish Air Force in the Tylliria area and in the resignation of the first commander of the Cypriot National Guard, Georgios Karayiannis. Grivas left Cyprus in 1967 after a crisis which was seriously escalated when the Cypriot National Guard under Grivas attacked TMT forces in the Turkish Cypriot village of Kofinou. 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... EOKA (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston, in English National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of United Kingdom troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... Makarios (born Mihalis Christodoulou Mouskos, August 13, 1913—August 3, 1977) was archbishop and primate of the autocephalous Cypriot Orthodox Church (1950-1977) and first President of the Republic of Cyprus (1960-1977). ... For the Nintendo 64 emulator, see 1964 (Emulator). ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Kokkina is the Greek Cypriot name for the Turkish Cypriot exclave of Erenköy, which contains a village bearing the same name. ... The Cyprus Dispute is the conflict between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots and also Republic of Cyprus and Turkey over Cyprus, an island in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. ... Dean Acheson Dean Gooderham Acheson (April 11, 1893 – October 12, 1971) was a United States Secretary of State under President Harry S. Truman. ... Seal of the Turkish Air Force The Turkish Air Force (Turkish: Türk Hava Kuvvetleri) is the aviation branch of the Turkish Armed Forces. ... The Cypriot National Guard (Greek Εθνική Φρουρά) is the combined arms military force of the Republic of Cyprus. ... Georgios Karayiannis, officer of the Greek Army. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Cypriot National Guard (Greek Εθνική Φρουρά) is the combined arms military force of the Republic of Cyprus. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

He once more returned to Cyprus from Greece secretly in August 1971 to form and lead underground organisation EOKA B, again with the rallying cry of Enosis. He secretly met with Makarios but they did not reach an agreement to co-operate. Grivas started plotting to overthrow Makarios with the support of the US-backed Junta of the Colonels which was ruling Greece at the time. He died on January 27th 1974 while in hiding in a house in the city of Limassol. Though he was supposed to be in hiding, his whereabouts were known to the government of Makarios and the phone in the house he was living in was tapped. The announced cause of his death was heart failure, but some of his supporters still claim that he was murdered. Grivas' supporters insisted that the pro-Grivas Gennadios, Bishop of Paphos, who was then active in the ecclesiastical coup against Makarios, officiate at Grivas' funeral. Makarios would not have the Bishop of Paphos officiate at Limassol Cathedral, therefore Grivas' supporters held the funeral and burial, which was attended by hundreds of people, in the garden of the house that had been Grivas' last hideout, and where his tomb still is. 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... EOKA (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston, in English National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of United Kingdom troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... Prominent issues in Greek foreign policy include a dispute over the name of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the enduring Cyprus problem, Greek-Turkish differences over the Aegean, and relations with the USA. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Greek refusal to recognize the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia... Makarios (born Mihalis Christodoulou Mouskos, August 13, 1913—August 3, 1977) was archbishop and primate of the autocephalous Cypriot Orthodox Church (1950-1977) and first President of the Republic of Cyprus (1960-1977). ... Makarios (born Mihalis Christodoulou Mouskos, August 13, 1913—August 3, 1977) was archbishop and primate of the autocephalous Cypriot Orthodox Church (1950-1977) and first President of the Republic of Cyprus (1960-1977). ... Augusto Pinochet (sitting) was an army general who led a military coup in Chile in 1973. ... January 27 is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1974 calendar). ... Limassol (Greek: Λεμεσός, Lemesos; Turkish: Leymosun) is the second-largest city of Cyprus, with a population of 161,000 (2001 census), and the biggest municipality of the island. ... Makarios (born Mihalis Christodoulou Mouskos, August 13, 1913—August 3, 1977) was archbishop and primate of the autocephalous Cypriot Orthodox Church (1950-1977) and first President of the Republic of Cyprus (1960-1977). ... The Ecclesiastical coup is the name given to the coup détat staged by three Bishops of the Orthodox Church of Cyprus against President of the Republic of Cyprus, Archbishop Makarios III in March 1972. ... Makarios (born Mihalis Christodoulou Mouskos, August 13, 1913—August 3, 1977) was archbishop and primate of the autocephalous Cypriot Orthodox Church (1950-1977) and first President of the Republic of Cyprus (1960-1977). ... Makarios (born Mihalis Christodoulou Mouskos, August 13, 1913—August 3, 1977) was archbishop and primate of the autocephalous Cypriot Orthodox Church (1950-1977) and first President of the Republic of Cyprus (1960-1977). ...

The Junta of the Colonels eventually overthrew Makarios just six months after Grivas' death. The military coup of July 20th 1974 which overthrew Makarios was executed by forces of the Cypriot National Guard under direct instructions from Greece. The initial intention was to include EOKA B in the planning, but that was abandoned when, by a series of coincidences, on June 18th 1974 police discovered the hideout of EOKA B leader Lefteris Papadopoulos and a large amount of documents and other evidence. This threw EOKA B into disarray and put paid to plans of its being used to overthrow Makarios, but most of the EOKA B plotters took active part in the military coup after it began. Coupist leader Nikos Sampson was an EOKA B-members, as were many of his 'ministers'. The coup was swiftly followed by the Turkish military invasion of Cyprus. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Makarios (born Mihalis Christodoulou Mouskos, August 13, 1913—August 3, 1977) was archbishop and primate of the autocephalous Cypriot Orthodox Church (1950-1977) and first President of the Republic of Cyprus (1960-1977). ... A coup détat (pronounced ), or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government against the volonté générale formed by the majority of the citizenry, usually done by a smaller supposedly weaker body that just replaces the top power figures. ... This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1974 calendar). ... Makarios (born Mihalis Christodoulou Mouskos, August 13, 1913—August 3, 1977) was archbishop and primate of the autocephalous Cypriot Orthodox Church (1950-1977) and first President of the Republic of Cyprus (1960-1977). ... The Cypriot National Guard (Greek Εθνική Φρουρά) is the combined arms military force of the Republic of Cyprus. ... EOKA (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston, in English National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of United Kingdom troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... June 18 is the 169th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (170th in leap years), with 196 days remaining. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1974 calendar). ... EOKA (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston, in English National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of United Kingdom troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... Lefteris Papadopoulos (Greek: Λευτέρης Παπαδόπουλος) is a greek lyricist,poet and journalist. ... EOKA (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston, in English National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of United Kingdom troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... Makarios (born Mihalis Christodoulou Mouskos, August 13, 1913—August 3, 1977) was archbishop and primate of the autocephalous Cypriot Orthodox Church (1950-1977) and first President of the Republic of Cyprus (1960-1977). ... EOKA (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston, in English National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of United Kingdom troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... A coup détat (pronounced ), or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government against the volonté générale formed by the majority of the citizenry, usually done by a smaller supposedly weaker body that just replaces the top power figures. ... Nikos Sampson (1935 – May 9, 2001) was the coup détat-installed dictator of Cyprus, after the overthrow of President Makarios in 1974. ... EOKA (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston, in English National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of United Kingdom troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... In 1974, a coup detat by Greek Army officers stationed on the Mediterranian island of Cyprus, tried to overthrow the then-President Makarios. ...