NationMaster - Encyclopedia: George Smoot

George Fitzgerald Smoot III (born February 20, 1945) is an American astrophysicist and cosmologist awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics with John C. Mather for "their discovery of the black body form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation". Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1200x1600, 452 KB) [edit] Summary George F. Smoot, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, 2006, celebrating with colleagues at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. ... The Berkeley Lab is perched on a hill overlooking the Berkeley central campus and San Francisco Bay. ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... This article is about Yukon Territory in Canada. ... Official language(s) English Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville Largest metro area Miami Area Ranked 22nd - Total 65,795[1] sq mi (170,304[1] kmÂ²) - Width 162 miles (260 km) - Length 497 miles (800 km) - % water 17. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ... ... The Berkeley Lab is perched on a hill overlooking the Berkeley central campus and San Francisco Bay. ... The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private, coeducational research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ... In cosmology, the cosmic microwave background radiation (most often abbreviated CMB but occasionally CMBR, CBR or MBR, also referred as relic radiation) is a form of electromagnetic radiation discovered in 1965 that fills the entire universe. ... Image File history File links Nobel. ... Hannes AlfvÃ©n (1908â€“1995) accepting the Nobel Prize for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Spiral Galaxy ESO 269-57 Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties (luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition) of celestial objects such as stars, galaxies, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions. ... Cosmology, from the Greek: ÎºÎ¿ÏƒÎ¼Î¿Î»Î¿Î³Î¯Î± (cosmologia, ÎºÏŒÏƒÎ¼Î¿Ï‚ (cosmos) order + Î»Î¿Î³Î¹Î± (logia) discourse) is the study of the Universe in its totality, and by extension, humanitys place in it. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Hannes AlfvÃ©n (1908â€“1995) accepting the Nobel Prize for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... John C. Mather at NASA John Cromwell Mather (b. ... As the temperature decreases, the peak of the black body radiation curve moves to lower intensities and longer wavelengths. ... Look up anisotropy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In cosmology, the cosmic microwave background radiation (most often abbreviated CMB but occasionally CMBR, CBR or MBR, also referred as relic radiation) is a form of electromagnetic radiation discovered in 1965 that fills the entire universe. ...

This work helped cement the big-bang theory of the universe using the COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer) satellite. According to the Nobel Prize committee, "the COBE-project can also be regarded as the starting point for cosmology as a precision science". ^[1] According to the Big Bang theory, the universe emerged from an extremely dense and hot state (singularity). ... The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), also referred to as Explorer 66, was the first satellite built dedicated to cosmology. ... Cosmology, from the Greek: ÎºÎ¿ÏƒÎ¼Î¿Î»Î¿Î³Î¯Î± (cosmologia, ÎºÏŒÏƒÎ¼Î¿Ï‚ (cosmos) order + Î»Î¿Î³Î¹Î± (logia) discourse) is the study of the Universe in its totality, and by extension, humanitys place in it. ...

He is a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2003 he was awarded the Einstein Medal. The University of California, Berkeley (also known as UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, and by other names, see below) is the oldest and flagship campus of the ten-campus University of California system. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Albert Einstein Medal is an award presented by the Albert Einstein Society in Bern. ...

Biography

Education

Smoot was born on 20 February 1945 in Yukon, Florida. He graduated from Upper Arlington High School in Upper Arlington, Ohio in 1962. He studied mathematics before switching to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he obtained dual bachelor's degrees in mathematics and physics in 1966, and a doctorate in particle physics in 1970.^[2] February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Official language(s) English Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville Largest metro area Miami Area Ranked 22nd - Total 65,795[1] sq mi (170,304[1] kmÂ²) - Width 162 miles (260 km) - Length 497 miles (800 km) - % water 17. ... Upper Arlington High School is a high school in Upper Arlington, Ohio, northwest of Columbus, Ohio. ... The Upper Arlington Municipal Services Center functions as the seat of city government as well as police headquarters Upper Arlington is a suburban city in Franklin County, Ohio, on the northwest side of the Columbus metropolitan area. ... Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens. ... The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private, coeducational research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ... A bachelors degree (Artium Baccalaureus, A.B. or B.A.) is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three, four, or in some cases and countries, five or six years. ... Thousands of particles explode from the collision point of two relativistic (100 GeV per nucleon) gold ions in the STAR detector of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. ...

Although Smoot attended MIT, he was not the same Smoot who was laid end to end to measure the Harvard Bridge between Cambridge and Boston^[3]^[4]; this was his cousin^[5] Oliver R. Smoot^[6], an MIT alumnus who served as the chairman of the American National Standards Institute. The smoot is a nonstandard unit of length created as part of an MIT fraternity prank. ... The Harvard Bridge (also known locally as the MIT bridge or the Mass Ave bridge) is the longest bridge over the Charles River. ... Settled: 1630 â€“ Incorporated: 1636 Zip Code(s): 02138, 02139, 02140, 02141, 02142 â€“ Area Code(s): 617 / 857 Official website: http://www. ... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, Athens of America, The Hub (of the Universe)1 Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County - Mayor Thomas M. Menino (D) Area - City 89. ... Oliver R. Smoot was Chairman of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) from 2001 to 2002 and President of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) from 2003 to 2004. ... The American National Standards Institute or ANSI (pronounced an-see) is a nonprofit organization that oversees the development of standards for products, services, processes and systems in the United States. ...

Initial research

George Smoot then switched to cosmology, and went to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory where he collaborated with Luis Walter Alvarez on the experiment HAPPE, a stratospheric balloon for the detection of antimatter in the upper atmosphere, which was predicted by the now obscure steady state theory of cosmology. The Berkeley Lab is perched on a hill overlooking the Berkeley central campus and San Francisco Bay. ... Luis Walter Alvarez (June 13, 1911 – September 1, 1988) of San Francisco, California, USA, was a famed physicist who worked at the University of California, Berkeley. ... Atmosphere diagram showing stratosphere. ... Rawinsonde weather balloon just after launch. ... In particle physics, antimatter extends the concept of the antiparticle to matter, wherein if a particle and its antiparticle come into contact with each other, the two annihilate or cause the equivalent to a nuclear explosion, similar to nuclear fission â€”that is, they may both be converted into other particles... Layers of Atmosphere (NOAA) Air redirects here. ... In cosmology, the steady state theory (also known as the Infinite Universe Theory or continuous creation) is a model developed in 1948 by Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold, Hermann Bondi and others as an alternative to the Big Bang theory (known, usually, as the standard cosmological model). ... Physical cosmology, as a branch of astrophysics, is the study of the large-scale structure of the universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its formation and evolution. ...

He then took up an interest in cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), previously discovered by Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson in 1964. There were, at that time, several open questions about this, relating directly to fundamental questions about the structure of the universe. Certain models predicted the universe as a whole was rotating, which would have an effect on the CMB: its temperature depending on the direction of observation. With the help of Alvarez and Richard A. Muller, Smoot developed a differential radiometer which measured the difference in temperature of the CMB between two directions 60 degrees apart. The instrument, which was mounted on a Lockheed U-2 plane, made it possible to determine that the overall rotation of the universe was zero (within the limit of accuracy of the instrument). It did, however, detect a variation in the temperature of the CMB of a different sort. This dipole pattern (meaning that the CMB appears to be at a higher temperature on one side of the sky than on the opposite side) has been explained as a Doppler effect of the Earth's motion relative to the area of CMB emission, which is called the last scattering surface. Such a doppler effect arises because the Sun (and in fact the Milky Way as a whole) is not stationary, but rather is moving at nearly 600 km/s with respect to the last scattering surface. This is probably due to the gravitational attraction between our galaxy and a concentration of mass like the Great Attractor. In cosmology, the cosmic microwave background radiation (most often abbreviated CMB but occasionally CMBR, CBR or MBR, also referred as relic radiation) is a form of electromagnetic radiation discovered in 1965 that fills the entire universe. ... Arno Allan Penzias (born April 26, 1933) is an American physicist and winner of the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics. ... Robert Woodrow Wilson Robert Woodrow Wilson (born January 10, 1936) is an American physicist. ... Universe is a word derived from the Old French univers, which in turn comes from the Latin roots unus (one) and versus (a form of vertere, to turn). Based on observations of the observable universe, physicists attempt to describe the whole of space-time, including all matter and energy and... A sphere rotating around its axis. ... Fig. ... Richard Muller Richard A. Muller (January 6, 1944 -) of San Francisco, California, USA, is a physicist who works at the University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. ... A Radiometer is a device used to measure the radiant flux or power in Electromagnetic radiation. ... A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually symbolized Â°, is a measurement of plane angle, representing 1ï¼360 of a full rotation. ... The Lockheed U-2, nicknamed Dragon Lady, is a single-seat, single-engine, high-altitude aircraft flown by the United States Air Force. ... A source of waves moving to the left. ... The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. ... It has been suggested that Andromeda-Milky Way collision be merged into this article or section. ... kilometre per second is an SI derived unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector), signified by the symbol km/s or km s-1. ... Gravity is a force of attraction that acts between bodies that have mass. ... An image taken by the European Southern Observatory looking in the direction of the Great Attractor. ...

Participation in COBE

At that time, the CMB appeared to be perfectly uniform excluding the distortion caused by the Doppler effect as mentioned above. This result contradicted observations of the universe, with various structures (galaxies, galaxy clusters, etc.) that indicate that the universe was relatively heterogeneous on a small scale. However, these structures formed slowly. Thus, if the universe is heterogeneous today, it would be heterogeneous at the time of the emission of the CMB as well, observable today through weak variations in the temperature of the CMB. It was the detection of these anisotropies that Smoot was working on in the late 1970s. He then proposed to NASA a project involving a satellite equipped with a detector that was similar to the one mounted on the U-2, but was more sensitive and not influenced by air pollution. The proposal was accepted and gave rise to the satellite COBE, and cost US$ 160 million. COBE was launched on November 18, 1989, after a delay owing to the destruction of the Space Shuttle Challenger. After more than two years of observation and analysis, the COBE research team announced on 23 April 1992 that the satellite had detected tiny fluctuations in the CMB, a breakthrough in the study of the early universe. ^[7] The observations were "evidence for the birth of the universe"^[8] and Smoot said that "it's like looking at God."^[9] Download high resolution version (1024x512, 380 KB)Cosmic microwave background temperature data were extracted from the released FITS files and then combined into two linear combinations. ... Download high resolution version (1024x512, 380 KB)Cosmic microwave background temperature data were extracted from the released FITS files and then combined into two linear combinations. ... NGC 4414, a typical spiral galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices, is about 17,000 parsecs in diameter and approximately 20 million parsecs distant. ... Galaxy groups and clusters are super-structures in the spread of galaxies of the cosmos. ... Look up Heterogeneous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an agency of the United States Government, responsible for that nations public space program. ... An Earth observation satellite, ERS 2 For other uses, see Satellite (disambiguation). ... Before flue gas desulfurization was installed, the emissions from this power plant in New Mexico contained excessive amounts of sulfur dioxide. ... The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), also referred to as Explorer 66, was the first satellite built dedicated to cosmology. ... November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Space Shuttle Challenger (NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-099) was NASAs second Space Shuttle orbiter to be put into service, after Columbia. ... April 23 is the 113th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (114th in leap years). ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ...

The success of COBE was the outcome of prodigious team work involving more than 1,000 researchers, engineers and other participants. John Mather coordinated the entire process and also had primary responsibility for the experiment that revealed the blackbody form of the CMB measured by COBE. George Smoot had main responsibility for measuring the small variations in the temperature of the radiation^[10]. The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), also referred to as Explorer 66, was the first satellite built dedicated to cosmology. ...

Smoot collaborated with San Francisco Chronicle journalist Keay Davidson to write the general-audience book Wrinkles in Time ^[11], first published in 1994, that chronicled his team's efforts. The book The Very First Light: The True Inside Story of the Scientific Journey Back to the Dawn of the Universe by John Mather and John Boslough ^[12] complements and broadens the COBE story as presented in Smoot's Wrinkles in Time. In this book Mather reported that George Smoot violated team policy by leaking news of COBE's discoveries to the press before NASA's formal announcement, a leak that, to Mather, smacked of self-promotion and betrayal (see review at Publishers Weekly ^[13]). This report proved to be erroneous and Mather and Smoot have since reconciled (see Science at Berkeley Lab ^[14]). Todays San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. ...

Recent projects

After COBE, Smoot took part in another experiment involving a stratospheric balloon, MAXIMA, which was more precise than COBE, and refined the measurements of the anisotropies of the CMB. He is also a collaborator in SNAP, a satellite which is proposed to measured properties of dark energy, and data from the Spitzer Space Telescope in connection with far infrared background. The Supernova / Acceleration Probe (SNAP) Mission is expected to provide an understanding of the mechanism driving the acceleration of the universe. ... In physical cosmology, dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that permeates all of space and has strong negative pressure. ... The Spitzer Space Telescope (formerly the Space Infrared Telescope Facility [SIRTF]) is an infrared space observatory, the fourth and final of NASAs Great Observatories. ...

External references

The Berkeley Lab is perched on a hill overlooking the Berkeley central campus and San Francisco Bay. ...

External links

The University of California, Berkeley (also known as Cal, UC Berkeley, UCB, or simply Berkeley) is a prestigious, public, coeducational university situated in the foothills of Berkeley, California to the east of San Francisco Bay, overlooking the Golden Gate and its bridge. ...

References

Nobel Prize in Physics: Laureates

v • d • e

1901: Röntgen 02: Lorentz, Zeeman 03: Becquerel, P.Curie, M.Curie 04: Rayleigh 05: Lenard 06: Thomson 07: Michelson 08: Lippmann 09: Marconi, Braun 10: van der Waals 11: Wien 12: Dalén 13: Kamerlingh Onnes 14: von Laue 15: W.L.Bragg, W.H.Bragg 17: Barkla 18: Planck 19: Stark 20: Guillaume 21: Einstein 22: N.Bohr 23: Millikan 24: Siegbahn 25: Franck, Hertz 26: Perrin 27: Compton, Wilson 28: Richardson 29: de Broglie 30: Raman 32: Heisenberg 33: Schrödinger, Dirac 35: Chadwick 36: Hess, Anderson 37: Davisson, Thomson 38: Fermi 39: Lawrence 43: Stern 44: Rabi 45: Pauli 46: Bridgman 47: Appleton 48: Blackett 49: Yukawa 50: Powell 51: Cockcroft, Walton 52: Bloch, Purcell 53: Zernike 54: Born, Bothe 55: Lamb, Kusch 56: Shockley, Bardeen, Brattain 57: Yang, T.D.Lee 58: Cherenkov, Frank, Tamm 59: Segrè, Chamberlain 60: Glaser 61: Hofstadter, Mössbauer 62: Landau 63: Wigner, Goeppert‑Mayer, Jensen 64: Townes, Basov, Prokhorov 65: Tomonaga, Schwinger, Feynman 66: Kastler 67: Bethe 68: Alvarez 69: Gell‑Mann 70: Alfvén, Néel 71: Gabor 72: Bardeen, Cooper, Schrieffer 73: Esaki, Giaever, Josephson 74: Ryle, Hewish 75: A.Bohr, Mottelson, Rainwater 76: Richter, Ting 77: Anderson, Mott, van Vleck 78: Kapitsa, Penzias, Wilson 79: Glashow, Salam, Weinberg 80: Cronin, Fitch 81: Bloembergen, Schawlow, Siegbahn 82: Wilson 83: Chandrasekhar, Fowler 84: Carlo Rubbia, van der Meer 85: von Klitzing 86: Ruska, Binnig, Rohrer 87: Bednorz, Müller 88: Lederman, Schwartz, Steinberger 89: Ramsey, Dehmelt, Paul 90: Friedman, Kendall, Taylor 91: de Gennes 92: Charpak 93: Hulse, Taylor 94: Brockhouse, Shull 95: Perl, Reines 96: D.Lee, Osheroff, Richardson 97: Chu, Cohen‑Tannoudji, Phillips 98: Laughlin, Störmer, Tsui 99: 't Hooft, Veltman 2000: Alferov, Kroemer, Kilby 01: Cornell, Ketterle, Wieman 02: Davis, Koshiba, Giacconi 03: Abrikosov, Ginzburg, Leggett 04: Gross, Politzer, Wilczek 05: Glauber, Hall, Hänsch 06: Mather, Smoot PDF is an abbreviation with several meanings: Portable Document Format Post-doctoral fellowship Probability density function There also is an electronic design automation company named PDF Solutions. ... The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences or , founded in 1739 by King Frederick I, is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 5 is the 278th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (279th in Leap years). ... MapÃºa Institute of Technology (MIT, MapÃºaTech or simply MapÃºa) is a private, non-sectarian, Filipino tertiary institute located in Intramuros, Manila. ... A news release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded communication directed at members of the news media for the purpose of announcing something claimed as having news value. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 3 is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 7 is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Talk of the Nation is a talk radio program based in the United States, produced by National Public Radio, and is broadcasted nationally on weekday afternoons (Eastern Standard Time). ... Offical NPR logo National Public Radio (NPR) is an independent, private, non-profit membership organization of public radio stations in the United States. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 7 is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Talk of the Nation is a talk radio program based in the United States, produced by National Public Radio, and is broadcasted nationally on weekday afternoons (Eastern Standard Time). ... Offical NPR logo National Public Radio (NPR) is an independent, private, non-profit membership organization of public radio stations in the United States. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 7 is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... All Things Considered, sometimes abbreviated ATC, is a news radio program in the United States, broadcast on the National Public Radio network. ... Offical NPR logo National Public Radio (NPR) is an independent, private, non-profit membership organization of public radio stations in the United States. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 7 is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Astrophysical Journal is one of the foremost research journals devoted to recent developments, discoveries, and theories in astronomy and astrophysics. ... Hannes AlfvÃ©n (1908â€“1995) accepting the Nobel Prize for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... Winners of the Nobel Prize are scientists, writers and peacemakers who have been awarded in their field of endeavour, and who are known collectively as either Nobel laureates or Nobel Prize winners. ... Wilhelm Conrad RÃ¶ntgen (in English: William Conrad Roentgen) (March 27, 1845 â€“ February 10, 1923) was a German physicist, of the University of WÃ¼rzburg, who, on November 8, 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range today known as x-rays or RÃ¶ntgen Rays, an achievement... Painting of Hendrik Lorentz by Arnhemensis Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (July 18, 1853, Arnhem â€“ February 4, 1928, Haarlem) was a Dutch physicist and the winner of the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on electromagnetic radiation. ... Pieter Zeeman (May 25, 1865 â€“ October 9, 1943) (pronounced zÄmÃ¤n) was a physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hendrik Lorentz for his discovery of the Zeeman effect. ... Antoine Henri Becquerel (December 15, 1852 â€“ August 25, 1908) was a French physicist, Nobel laureate, and one of the discoverers of radioactivity. ... // Pierre Curie (Paris, France, May 15, 1859 â€“ April 19, 1906, Paris) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity and radioactivity. ... Maria SkÅ‚odowska-Curie (born Maria SkÅ‚odowska; known in France where she lived for most of her life as Marie Curie, aka Madame Curie; Warsaw, November 7, 1867 â€“ July 4, 1934, Sancellemoz, France) was a Polish-French physicist and chemist. ... See also Rayleigh fading Rayleigh scattering Rayleigh number Rayleigh waves Rayleigh-Jeans law External links Nobel website bio of Rayleigh About John William Strutt MacTutor biography of Lord Rayleigh Categories: People stubs | 1842 births | 1919 deaths | Nobel Prize in Physics winners | Peers | British physicists | Discoverer of a chemical element ... Philipp Eduard Anton von LÃ©nÃ¡rd, (June 7, 1862 in PreÃŸburg, Austria-Hungary (today Bratislava, Slovakia)â€“May 20, 1947 in Messelhausen, Germany) was a Hungarian-German physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905 for his research on cathode rays and the discovery of... Sir Joseph John Thomson, OM , FRS (December 18, 1756 â€“ August 30, 1940) often known as J. J. Thomson, was an English physicist, the discoverer of the electron. ... Albert Abraham Michelson. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Guglielmo Marchese Marconi, GCVO (25 April 1874-20 July 1937) was an Italian inventor, best known for his development of a practical radiotelegraph system, which served as the foundation for the establishment of numerous affiliated companies worldwide. ... Karl Ferdinand Braun (June 6, 1850 - April 20, 1918) was a German physicist, born in Fulda. ... van der Waals Johannes Diderik van der Waals (November 23, 1837 â€“ March 8, 1923) was a Dutch scientist famous for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids, for which he won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1910. ... Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien (January 13, 1864 â€“ August 30, 1928) was a German physicist who, in 1893, used theories about heat and electromagnetism to compose Wiens displacement law, which relates the maximum emission of a blackbody to its temperature. ... Nils Gustaf DalÃ©n (November 30, 1869 â€“ December 9, 1937) was a Swedish inventor and industrialist, the founder of AGA, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1912 for his work on automatic gas regulator controlled buoys. ... Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (September 21, 1853 â€“ February 21, 1926) was a Dutch physicist. ... Max von Laue (October 9, 1879 - April 24, 1960) was a German physicist, who studied under Max Planck. ... Sir William Lawrence Bragg CH, FRS, (31 March 1890 â€“ 1 July 1971) was an Australian physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915 with his father Sir William Henry Bragg. ... Sir William Henry Bragg OM, Cantab, OKW (Westward, Cumbria, England July 2, 1862 â€“ March 10, 1942) was an English physicist and chemist, educated at King Williams College, Isle of Man, and Trinity College, Cambridge. ... Charles Glover Barkla (June 7, 1877 â€“ October 23, 1944) was a British physicist. ... Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (April 23, 1858 â€“ October 4, 1947) was a German physicist. ... Johannes Stark (April 15, 1874 â€“ June 21, 1957) was a prominent 20th century physicist, and a Physics Nobel Prize laureate. ... Charles Ã‰douard Guillaume (February 15, 1861, Fleurier â€“ June 13, 1938, SÃ¨vres), was a French-Swiss Physicist that received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920 in recognition of the service he had rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys. ... Albert Einstein ( ) (March 14, 1879 â€“ April 18, 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely considered to have been one of the greatest physicists of all time. ... Niels (Henrik David) Bohr (October 7, 1885 â€“ November 18, 1962) was a Danish physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1922. ... Robert Millikan. ... Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn (December 3, 1886 - September 26, 1978) was a Swedish physicist, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1924 for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy. ... James Franck (August 26, 1882 - May 21, 1964) was a German-born physicist and Nobel laureate. ... Gustav Ludwig Hertz (July 22, 1887, Hamburg – October 30, 1975, Berlin) was a German physicist, and a nephew of Heinrich Rudolf Hertz. ... Jean Baptiste Perrin (b. ... Arthur Holly Compton (September 10, 1892 – March 15, 1962) won the Nobel Prize in Physics (1927) for discovery of the effect named after him. ... Charles Thomson Rees Wilson (February 14, 1869 - November 15, 1959) was a Scottish physicist. ... Sir Owen Willans Richardson (April 26, 1879 - February 15, 1959) was a British physicist, and was a professor at Princeton University from 1906 to 1913. ... Louis de Broglie Louis-Victor-Pierre-Raymond, 7th duc de Broglie, generally known as Louis de Broglie (August 15, 1892â€“March 19, 1987), was a French physicist and Nobel Prize laureate. ... Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (चन्द्रशेखर वेङ्कट रामन्) (November 7, 1888-November 21, 1970) was an Indian physicist. ... Werner Karl Heisenberg (December 5, 1901 â€“ February 1, 1976) was a celebrated German physicist and Nobel laureate, one of the founders of quantum mechanics, and acknowledged to be one of the most important physicists of the twentieth century. ... Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander SchrÃ¶dinger (August 12, 1887 â€“ January 4, 1961) was an Austrian physicist who achieved fame for his contributions to quantum mechanics, especially the SchrÃ¶dinger equation, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1933. ... Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, (August 8, 1902 - October 20, 1984) was a British theoretical physicist and a founder of the field of quantum physics. ... Sir James Chadwick Sir James Chadwick (20 October 1891 â€“ 24 July 1974) was an English physicist and Nobel laureate. ... Victor Francis Hess (June 24, 1883 – December 17, 1964) was an Austrian-American physicist. ... Carl David Anderson (3 September 1905 – 11 January 1991) was a U.S. experimental physicist. ... Clinton Joseph Davisson (22 October 1881–1 February 1958), was an American physicist. ... Joe has no friends what-so-ever Sir George Paget Thomson FRS (May 3, 1892 â€“ September 10, 1975) was a Nobel-Prize-winning, English physicist who discovered the wave properties of the electron by electron diffraction. ... Enrico Fermi (September 29, 1901 â€“ November 28, 1954) was an Italian physicist most noted for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor, and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, particle physics and statistical mechanics. ... Ernest O. Lawrence Ernest Orlando Lawrence (August 8, 1901 â€“ August 27, 1958) was an American physicist and Nobel Laureate best known for his invention, utilization, and improvement of the cyclotron beginning in 1929, and his later work in uranium-isotope separation in the Manhattan Project. ... Otto Stern Otto Stern (February 17, 1888 â€“ August 17, 1969) was an German physicist and Nobel laureate. ... This article is about Austrian-Swiss physicist Wolfgang Pauli. ... Percy Williams Bridgman (April 21, 1882–August 20, 1961) was an American physicist who won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the physics of high pressures. ... Sir Edward Victor Appleton (September 6, 1892 – April 21, 1965) was an English physicist. ... Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Baron Blackett (November 18, 1897—July 13, 1974) was a British experimental physicist known for his work on cloud chambers, cosmic rays, and paleomagnetism. ... Hideki Yukawa Hideki Yukawa FRSE (æ¹¯å· ç§€æ¨¹, January 23, 1907 - September 8, 1981) was a Japanese theoretical physicist and the first Japanese to win the Nobel prize. ... Cecil Frank Powell (December 5, 1903 _ August 9, 1969) was a British physicist, awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1950 for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and for the resulting discovery of the pion (pi-meson), a heavy subatomic particle. ... See also: John Cockroft (politician) Sir John Douglas Cockcroft (May 27, 1897 - September 18, 1967) was a British physicist. ... Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton (October 6, 1903 – June 25, 1995) was an Irish physicist, the winner of the 1951 Nobel Prize for Physics along with Sir John Douglas Cockcroft. ... Felix Bloch. ... Edward Mills Purcell (August 30, 1912 - March 7, 1997) was an American physicist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics for his independent discovery (1946) of nuclear magnetic resonance in liquids and in solids. ... Frederik Zernike (Amsterdam, July 16, 1888 â€“ March 10, 1966) was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase contrast microscope, an instrument that permits the study of internal cell structure without the need to stain and thus kill the... Max Born (December 11, 1882 in Breslau â€“ January 5, 1970 in GÃ¶ttingen) was a mathematician and physicist. ... Walther Wilhelm Georg Bothe (January 8, 1891 â€“ February 8, 1957) was a German physicist, mathematician, chemist, and Nobel Prize winner. ... Willis Eugene Lamb, Junior (b. ... Polykarp Kusch (January 26, 1911 - March 20, 1993) was a German-American physicist who, with Willis Eugene Lamb, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1955 for his accurate determination that the magnetic moment of the electron was greater than its theoretical value, thus leading to reconsideration of and... William Bradford Shockley (February 13, 1910 â€“ August 12, 1989) was a British-born American physicist and inventor. ... John Bardeen (May 23, 1908 â€“ January 30, 1991) was an American physicist and electrical engineer. ... Walter Houser Brattain (February 10, 1902 – October 13, 1987) was a physicist who, along with John Bardeen, invented the transistor. ... Dr. Chen Ning Franklin YANG Chen Ning Franklin YANG (æ¥ŠæŒ¯å¯§ pinyin: YÃ¡ng ZhÃ¨nnÃng) (born September 22, 1922) is a Chinese American physicist, who worked on statistical mechanics and symmetry principles. ... U.S. government photo Tsung-Dao Lee (æŽæ”¿é“ Pinyin: LÇ ZhÃ¨ngdÃ o) (born November 24, 1926) is a Chinese American physicist who did work on high energy particle physics, symmetry principles, and statistical mechanics. ... Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov (Russian Павел Алексеевич Черенков) (July 28, 1904 - January 6, 1990) was a Soviet physicist and Nobel Prize winner. ... Ilya Mikhailovich Frank (Russian: Ð˜Ð»ÑŒÑÌ ÐœÐ¸Ñ…Ð°ÌÐ¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¤Ñ€Ð°Ð½Ðº) (October 23, 1908 â€“ June 22, 1990) was a Soviet winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1958 jointly with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov and Igor Y. Tamm, also of the Soviet Union. ... Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm (Russian И́горь Евге́ньевич Та́мм, also transcribed sometimes as Igor Evgenevich Tamm) (July 8, 1895 – April 12, 1971) was a Russian physicist. ... Portrait of Dr. Emilio Segre Emilio Gino SegrÃ¨ (February 1, 1905 - April 22, 1989) was an Italian American physicist who, with Owen Chamberlain, won the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery of the antiproton. ... Owen Chamberlain Owen Chamberlain (July 10, 1920 â€“ February 28, 2006) was a prominent American physicist. ... Donald Arthur Glaser (b. ... Robert Hofstadter (February 5, 1915 - November 17, 1990) was the winner of the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons. ... Rudolf Ludwig MÃ¶ssbauer (born January 31, 1929) is a German physicist who studied gamma rays from nuclear transitions. ... Lev Davidovich Landau Lev Davidovich Landau (Russian language: Ð›ÐµÌÐ² Ð”Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÌÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð›Ð°Ð½Ð´Ð°ÌÑƒ) (January 22, 1908 â€“ April 1, 1968) was a prominent Soviet physicist, who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. ... Eugene Wigner Eugene Paul Wigner (Hungarian Wigner PÃ¡l JenÅ‘) (November 17, 1902 â€“ January 1, 1995) was a Hungarian physicist and mathematician who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and... Maria Goeppert Mayer: Physicist (Women in Science) ISBN 0791072479 Maria Goeppert-Mayer (June 28, 1906 â€“ February 20, 1972) was born Maria Goeppert in Katowice, Silesia (then in Germany, now part of Poland). ... Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen (June 25, 1907 â€“ February 11, 1973) was a German physicist who shared half of the 1963 Nobel Prize for Physics with Maria Goeppert-Mayer for their proposal of the shell nuclear model. ... Charles Hard Townes (born July 28, American physicist and educator. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov (Russian: Александр Михайлович Прохоров) (July 11, 1916 – January 8, 2002) was an Australian-Russian physicist. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Julian Seymour Schwinger (February 12, 1918 -- July 16, 1994) was an American theoretical physicist. ... Richard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918 â€“ February 15, 1988; surname pronounced ) was an American physicist known for expanding the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, and particle theory. ... Alfred Kastler (May 3, 1902 - January 7, 1984) is a French physicist, born in Guebwiller, who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1966. ... Hans Albrecht Bethe (pronounced bay-tuh; July 2, 1906 â€“ March 6, 2005), was a German-American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1967 for his work on the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis. ... Portrait of Luis Alvarez Luis Walter Alvarez (June 13, 1911 â€“ September 1, 1988) of San Francisco, California, USA, was a famed physicist of Spanish descent, who worked at the University of California, Berkeley. ... Murray Gell-Mann (born September 15, 1929 in Manhattan, New York City, USA) is an American physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles. ... Hannes AlfvÃ©n (1908-1995), winning the Nobel Prizing for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. Hannes Olof GÃ¶sta AlfvÃ©n (May 30, 1908; NorrkÃ¶ping, Sweden - April 2, 1995; Djursholm, Sweden) is known as a Swedish plasma physicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1970 for his work developing... Louis NÃ©el (November 22, 1904 - November 14, 2000) is the Nobel Laureate in Physics of 1970. ... Dennis Gabor (GÃ¡bor DÃ©nes) (June 5, 1900, Budapest â€“ February 9, 1979, London) was a Hungarian physicist and inventor who is most notable for inventing holography. ... John Bardeen (May 23, 1908 â€“ January 30, 1991) was an American physicist and electrical engineer. ... Leon Neil Cooper (born February 28, 1930) is an American physicist and winner of the 1972 Nobel Prize for Physics, along with John Bardeen and John Robert Schrieffer, for his role in developing the BCS theory (named for their initials) of superconductivity. ... John Robert Schrieffer (born May 31, 1931) is an American physicist and winner, with John Bardeen and Leon Neil Cooper, of the 1972 Nobel Prize for Physics for developing the BCS theory (for their initials), the first successful microscopic theory of superconductivity. ... Leo Esaki (æ±Ÿå´Ž çŽ²æ–¼å¥ˆ; correct transcription Esaki Reona; also known as Esaki Leona) (born March 12, 1925) is a Japanese physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Ivar Giaever and Brian David Josephson for his discovery of the phenomenon of electron tunneling. ... Ivar Giaever (originally spelled GiÃ¦ver) (born April 5, 1929 in Bergen, Norway) is a physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian David Josephson for work in solid-state physics. ... Brian David Josephson (born Cardiff, UK, January 4, 1940) is a British physicist whose discovery of the Josephson effect while a 22_year_old graduate student won him a share (with Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever) of the 1973 Nobel Prize for Physics. ... Sir Martin Ryle (September 27, 1918 – October 14, 1984) was a British radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems (see e. ... Antony Hewish (born Fowey, Cornwall, May 11, 1924) is a British radio astronomer who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 (together with fellow radio-astronomer Martin Ryle) for his work on the development of radio aperture synthesis and its role in the discovery of pulsars. ... Aage Niels Bohr (born in Copenhagen, Denmark on June 19, 1922) is the son of Margrethe and Niels Bohr. ... Benjamin Roy Mottelson (born July 9, American-Danish physicist. ... Leo James Rainwater (December 9, 1917 - May 31, 1986) was an American physicist who won a share of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1975 for his part in determining the asymmetrical shapes of certain atomic nuclei. ... Burton Richter (Born March 22, 1931) is a Nobel Prize-winning American physicist. ... Samuel Chao Chung Ting (丁肇中 pinyin: Dīng Zhàozhōng; Wade-Giles: Ting¹ Chao⁴-chung¹) (born January 27, 1936) is a Michigan-born Chinese American physicist who received the Nobel Prize in 1976 for the discovery of the subatomic J particle with Burton Richter. ... Philip Warren Anderson (born December 13, 1923) is an American physicist. ... Sir Nevill Francis Mott (September 30, 1905 – August 8, 1996) was a British physicist. ... John Hasbrouck van Vleck (March 13, 1899 – October 27, 1980) was an American physicist. ... Semenov (on the right) and Kapitsa (on the left), portrait by Boris Kustodiev, 1921 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (Russian ÐŸÑ‘Ñ‚Ñ€ Ð›ÐµÐ¾Ð½Ð¸Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐšÐ°Ð¿Ð¸Ñ†Ð°) (July 9, 1894 â€“ April 8, 1984) was a Russian physicist who discovered superfluidity with contribution from John F. Allen and Don Misener in 1937. ... Arno Allan Penzias (born April 26, American physicist. ... Robert Woodrow Wilson Robert Woodrow Wilson (born January 10, 1936) is an American physicist. ... Sheldon Glashow at Harvard University Professor Sheldon Lee Glashow (born December 5, 1932) is an American physicist. ... Abdus Salam at Nobel Prize ceremony with the King of Sweden Dr. Abdus Salam (Urdu: Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…) (January 29, 1926 at Santokdas, Sahiwal in Punjab â€“ 21 November 1996 in Oxford, England) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979 for his work in electroweak theory which... Steven Weinberg (born May 3, 1933) is an American physicist. ... James Watson Cronin (born September 29, 1931) is an American nuclear physicist. ... Val Logsdon Fitch (born March 10, 1923) is an American nuclear physicist. ... Nicolaas Bloembergen (born March 11, 1920) is an Dutch physicist. ... Arthur Leonard Schawlow (May 5, 1921–April 28, 1999) was an American physicist. ... Kai Manne Börje Siegbahn (born April 20, 1918) is a Swedish physicist. ... Kenneth Geddes Wilson (born June 8, 1936) is an American physicist. ... Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (October 19, 1910 – August 21, 1995) was an Indian-American physicist, astrophysicist and mathematician. ... There is another William Fowler who was a Scottish poet and uncle of William Drummond of Hawthornden William Alfred Willy Fowler (August 9, 1911 – March 14, 1995) was an American astrophysicist. ... Carlo Rubbia (born March 31, 1934) is an Italian physicist. ... Simon van der Meer (born November 24, 1925) is a Dutch physicist. ... Klaus von Klitzing, (born June 28, 1943 in German occupied Åšroda Wielkopolska) is a German physicist. ... Ernst August Friedrich Ruska (December 25, 1906â€“May 25, 1988) was a German physicist. ... Gerd Binnig (born July 20, 1947) is a German-born physicist who shared with Heinrich Rohrer half of the 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics for their invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). ... Heinrich Rohrer (born June 6, 1933) is a Swiss physicist who, with Gerd Binnig, received half of the 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics for their joint invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). ... Johannes Georg Bednorz (born May 16, 1950) is a German physicist who, along with Karl Alex Muller, was awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize for Physics for their joint discovery of superconductivity in certain substances at temperatures higher than had previously been thought attainable. ... Karl Alexander MÃ¼ller (born April 20, 1927) is a Swiss physicist who, along with J. Georg Bednorz, was awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize for Physics for their joint discovery of superconductivity in certain substances at higher temperatures than had previously been thought attainable. ... Leon Max Lederman (born July 15, 1922 in New York) is an American experimental physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1988 for his work on neutrinos. ... Melvin Schwartz (born November 2, 1932) is an American physicist. ... Jack Steinberger (born May 25, 1921) is a physicist. ... Norman Foster Ramsey (born August 27, 1915) is an American physicist. ... Hans Georg Dehmelt (born September 9, 1922 in GÃ¶rlitz, Germany) is an American physicist, who co-developed the ion trap. ... Wolfgang Paul (August 10, 1913 - December 7, 1993) was a German physicist, who co-developed the ion trap. ... Jerome Isaac Friedman (born 1930) is a U.S. physicist. ... Henry Way Kendall (December 9, 1926 â€“ February 15, 1999) was an American physicist. ... Richard E. Taylor Professor Richard E. Taylor, CC , FRS , FRSC , Ph. ... Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (born October 24, 1932) is a French physicist and Nobel laureate. ... Georges Charpak (born August 1, 1924) is a French physicist. ... Russell Alan Hulse (born November 28, 1950) is an American physicist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, shared with his thesis advisor Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. ... Joseph H. Taylor, Jr. ... Bertram Neville Brockhouse (July 15, 1918 – October 13, 2003) was a Nobel prize-winning Canadian physicist. ... Clifford Glenwood Shull (September 23, 1915 - March 31, 2001) was a Nobel prize-winning American physicist. ... Martin Lewis Perl (b. ... Frederick Reines Frederick Reines (March 16, 1918 - August 26, 1998) was an American physicist. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Douglas Dean Osheroff (born August 1, 1945) is a American physicist. ... Robert Coleman Richardson (born June 26, 1937 in Washington D.C.) is an American physicist. ... Image:Stevenchu. ... Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (born April 1, 1933) is a French physicist working at the Ã‰cole Normale SupÃ©rieure in Paris, France, where he has also studied physics. ... Categories: Stub | 1948 births | Nobel Prize in Physics winners ... Robert Betts Laughlin (born November 1, 1950) is an American theoretical physicist who, with Horst L. StÃ¶rmer and Daniel C. Tsui, was awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in physics for his explanation of the fractional quantum Hall effect. ... Horst Ludwig StÃ¶rmer (born April 6, 1949) is a Bell Labs physicist who shared the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics with Daniel Tsui and Robert Laughlin. ... Daniel Chee Tsui 崔琦 (pinyin: Cuī Qí)(born February 28, 1939, Henan Province, China) is a Chinese American physicist whose areas of research included electrical properties of thin films and microstructures of semiconductors and solid-state physics. ... Gerard t Hooft at Harvard University Gerardus (Gerard) t Hooft [ut-hooft] (The prefix â€™t is pronounced as â€˜utâ€™ and stands for â€˜hetâ€™) (born July 5, 1946) is a professor in theoretical physics at Utrecht University, The Netherlands. ... Martinus J.G. Veltman (Tini for short) (born June 27, 1931) is a 1999 Nobel prize laureate for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics, work done at Utrecht University, The Netherlands. ... Zhores Ivanovich Alferov (also Alfyorov) (Russian: Жоре́с Ива́нович Алфёров) (born March 15, 1930) is a Soviet/Russian physicist with a Belarusian origin. ... Herbert Kroemer (born August 25, 1928) is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at University of California, Santa Barbara, received a Ph. ... Jack St. ... Eric Allin Cornell (born December 19, 1961) is a physicist who, along with Carl E. Wieman, was able to synthesize Bose-Einstein condensate in 1995. ... Wolfgang Ketterle (born October 21, 1957, in Heidelberg, Germany) is a German physicist and a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ... Carl Edwin Wieman (born March 26, American physicist of the University of Colorado at Boulder who (with Eric Allin Cornell), in 1995, produced a Bose-Einstein condensate. ... Raymond Davis Jr. ... Masatoshi Koshiba (å°æŸ´ æ˜Œä¿Š Koshiba Masatoshi, born on September 19, 1926 in Toyohashi, Aichi Prefecture -) is a Japanese physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2002. ... Riccardo Giacconi (born October 6, 1931) is an Italian-born American Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist. ... Alexei Alexeevich Abrikosov (Алексей Алексеевич Абрикосов) (born June 25, 1928, in Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR.) is a Russian theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field... Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg (Виталий Лазаревич Гинзбург) (born October 4, 1916 in Moscow) is a Soviet/Russian theoretical physicist and astrophysicist, a member of the Academy of Sciences of the... Anthony James Leggett (born March 26, 1938), is Professor of Physics at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. ... David Gross and his wife in Santa Barbara David Jonathan Gross (born February 19, 1941 in Washington, D.C.) is an American physicist and string theorist. ... Prof. ... Frank Wilczek (born May 15, 1951) is a Nobel prize winning American physicist. ... Roy Jay Glauber (born 1 September 1925) is the Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics at Harvard University and Adjunct Professor of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona. ... John L. Hall (born 1934) is a JILA (formerly known as the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics) fellow and Physics lecturer at the University of Colorado at Boulder Physics department. ... Theodor Wolfgang HÃ¤nsch (b. ... John C. Mather at NASA John Cromwell Mather (b. ... George Smoot celebrating his Nobel Prize on October 3, 2006 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. ...

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