NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Georgy Malenkov

Georgy (Georgii) Maximilianovich Malenkov (Russian: Гео́ргий Максимилиа́нович Маленко́в, his first name then surname pronounced "GHYOR-ghee mah-leen-KOF"; January 8 [O.S. December 26, 1901] 1902 – January 14, 1988) was a Soviet politician, Communist Party leader and close collaborator of Joseph Stalin. He briefly became leader of the Soviet Union (from March to September 1953) after Stalin's death and was Premier of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1955. Soviet politician Georgy Malenkov File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Premier of the Soviet Union is the commonly used English term for the offices of Chairman of the Council of Peoples Commissars of the USSR (Председатель Совета Народных Комиссаров СССР) (1923-1946) and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (Председатель Совета Министров СССР) (1946-1991), who... March 6 is the 65th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (66th in Leap years). ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ... February 8 is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... (Russian, in full: Ð˜Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ñ„ Ð’Ð¸ÑÑÐ°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¡Ñ‚Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð½ [Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin]; December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] â€“ March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953), a... Image:Nikolay Bulganin. ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Orenburg (Russian: ) is a city on the Ural River and the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast in the Volga Federal District of Russia. ... January 14 is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A politician is an individual involved in politics to the extent of holding or running for public office. ... The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Russian: ÐšÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÑƒÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¸ÌÑ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐŸÐ°ÌÑ€Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ Ð¡Ð¾Ð²ÐµÌÑ‚ÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¡Ð¾ÑŽÌÐ·Ð° = ÐšÐŸÐ¡Ð¡) was the name used by the successors of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party from 1952 to 1991, but the wording Communist Party was present in the partys name since 1918 when the Bolsheviks became the All... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... In Britain and countries of the British Empire, Old Style or O.S. after a date means that the date is in the Julian calendar, in use in those countries until 1752; New Style or N.S. means that the date is in the Gregorian calendar, adopted on 14 September... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... January 14 is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... State motto (Russian): ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐµÑ… ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½, ÑÐ¾ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¹Ñ‚ÐµÑÑŒ! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Soviet republics Area - Total - % water 1st before collapse 22,402,200 kmÂ² Approx. ... The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Russian: ÐšÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÑƒÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¸ÌÑ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐŸÐ°ÌÑ€Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ Ð¡Ð¾Ð²ÐµÌÑ‚ÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¡Ð¾ÑŽÌÐ·Ð° = ÐšÐŸÐ¡Ð¡) was the name used by the successors of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party from 1952 to 1991, but the wording Communist Party was present in the partys name since 1918 when the Bolsheviks became the All... (Russian, in full: Ð˜Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ñ„ Ð’Ð¸ÑÑÐ°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¡Ñ‚Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð½ [Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin]; December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] â€“ March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953), a... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ... Premier of the Soviet Union is the commonly used English term for the offices of Chairman of the Council of Peoples Commissars of the USSR (Председатель Совета Народных Комиссаров СССР) (1923-1946) and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (Председатель Совета Министров СССР) (1946-1991), who... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Malenkov was born in Orenburg, Russia, in an army officer's family of Macedonian-Slavonic origin. He joined the Red Army in 1919 and the Communist Party in April 1920. During his military service, he was a political commissar. After leaving the Red Army in 1921, he studied in Moscow Higher Technical School. After graduating in 1925, he worked for the Communist Party and became one of Stalin's confidants. Together with Lavrenty Beria, Malenkov aided Stalin during the purges of the late 1930s. He became a rival of Beria. Orenburg (Russian: ) is a city on the Ural River and the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast in the Volga Federal District of Russia. ... The Macedonians (Macedonian: ÐœÐ°ÐºÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð½Ñ†Ð¸) - also referred to as Macedonian Slavs - are a South Slavic ethnic group who live in the southern Balkans region of Europe. ... The short forms Red Army and RKKA refer to the Workers and Peasants Red Army, (in Russian: Ð Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ‡Ðµ-ÐšÑ€ÐµÑÑ‚ÑŒÑÐ½ÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐšÑ€Ð°ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐÑ€Ð¼Ð¸Ñ - Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya), the armed forces first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... A political commissar is an officer appointed by a communist party to oversee a unit of the military. ... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Lavrenty Beria Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria (Georgian: áƒšáƒáƒ•áƒ áƒ”áƒœáƒ¢áƒ˜ áƒ‘áƒ”áƒ áƒ˜áƒ; Russian: Ð›Ð°Ð²Ñ€ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¹ ÐŸÐ°Ð²Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð‘ÐµÑ€Ð¸Ñ; (29 March 1899 â€“ 23 December 1953), Soviet politician and chief of the Soviet security and police apparatus. ... The Great Purge (Russian: ) is the name given to campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Named as candidate for the Politburo, Malenkov joined in 1946. Although Malenkov fell out of favor in place of his rivals Andrei Zhdanov and Beria, he soon came back into Stalin's favor, especially because of Zhdanov's downfall. Beria soon joined Malenkov, and both of them saw all of Zhdanov's allies purged from the Party and sent to labour camps. In 1952, Malenkov became a Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee (member of the party Secretariat). The death of Stalin in 1953 briefly brought Malenkov to the highest position he would ever hold. With Beria's support, Malenkov became Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Premier), but he had to resign from the Secretariat on March 13th due to the opposition of other members of the Presidium. Nikita Khrushchev assumed the position of First Secretary in September ushering in a period of a Malenkov-Khrushchev duumvirate. The Politburo (in Russian: ÐŸÐ¾Ð»Ð¸Ñ‚Ð±ÑŽÑ€Ð¾), known as the Presidium from 1952 to 1966, functioned as the central policymaking and governing body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Andrei Zhdanov Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov (ÐÐ½Ð´Ñ€ÐµÌÐ¹ ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°ÌÐ½Ð´Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð–Ð´Ð°ÌÐ½Ð¾Ð²) (February 26 [O.S. February 14] 1896â€“August 31, 1948) was a Soviet politician. ... A labor camp is a simplified detention facility where inmates are engaged in forced labor. ... The Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee was a key body within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and was responsible for the central administration of the party as opposed to drafting government policy which was usually handled by the Politburo. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ... Premier of the Soviet Union is the commonly used English term for the offices of Chairman of the Council of Peoples Commissars of the USSR (Председатель Совета Народных Комиссаров СССР) (1923-1946) and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (Председатель Совета Министров СССР) (1946-1991), who... (Russian: ; surname commonly anglicized as Khrushchev, IPA: ; April 17, 1894 â€“ September 11, 1971) was the leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin. ... The General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (sometimes called First Secretary) was the title synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union after Lenins death in 1924. ...

Malenkov retained the office of premier for two years. During these years, he was vocal about his opposition to nuclear armament, declaring "a nuclear war could lead to global destruction." He also advocated refocusing the economy on the production of consumer goods and away from heavy industry, something his succesor Nikita Khrushchev (1955-1964) would escalate. The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning compared to light industry. ...

He was forced to resign in February 1955 after he came under attack for his closeness to Beria (who was executed as a traitor in December 1953) and for the slow pace of reforms, particularly when it came to rehabilitating political prisoners. Malenkov remained in the Politburo's successor, the Presidium. However, in 1957 he was again forced to resign due to participation in a failed attempt together with Nikolai Bulganin, Vyacheslav Molotov, and Lazar Kaganovich (the so-called Anti-Party Group) to depose Khrushchev. Unlike the practice of Stalin, Khrushchev spared their lives and reduced their influence on Soviet politics. In 1961, he was expelled from the Communist Party and exiled within the Soviet Union. He became a manager of a hydroelectric plant in Kazakhstan. In the last years before his death he was a singer in a church choir in Yelokhovsky Cathedral in Moscow. His death in 1988 was ignored by Soviet officials. February is the second month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Politburo (in Russian: ÐŸÐ¾Ð»Ð¸Ñ‚Ð±ÑŽÑ€Ð¾), known as the Presidium from 1952 to 1966, functioned as the central policymaking and governing body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image:Nikolay Bulganin. ... Vyacheslav Molotov Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (Russian: ) (March 9 [O.S. February 25] 1890 â€“November 8, 1986), Soviet politician and diplomat, was a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s, when he rose to power as a protege of Joseph Stalin, to the 1950s, when he was dismissed from... Lazar Moiseyevich Kaganovich (Ð›Ð°ÌÐ·Ð°Ñ€ÑŒ ÐœÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÌÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐšÐ°Ð³Ð°Ð½Ð¾ÌÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡) (November 22, 1893â€“July 25, 1991) was a Soviet politician and a supporter of Joseph Stalin. ... The Anti-Party Group was an epithet used by Nikita Khrushchev to describe Stalinist members of the Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, led by Vyacheslav Molotov, Lazar Kaganovich and Georgy Malenkov, who attempted to depose him as First Secretary of the Party in May 1957. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... Hydroelectric dam diagram The waters of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped-Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. ...

Important people, places, and events of the Cold War

Main events (1945–1967)

Main events (1968–1991)

Specific articles

Primary participants

Other important figures

1940s: (Russian, in full: Ð˜Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ñ„ Ð’Ð¸ÑÑÐ°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¡Ñ‚Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð½ [Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin]; December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] â€“ March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953), a... Premier of the Soviet Union is the commonly used English term for the offices of Chairman of the Council of Peoples Commissars of the USSR (Председатель Совета Народных Комиссаров СССР) (1923-1946) and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (Председатель Совета Министров СССР) (1946-1991), who... Image:Nikolay Bulganin. ... The Cold War was the protracted geopolitical, ideological, and economic struggle that emerged after World War II between the global superpowers of the Soviet Union and the United States, supported by their alliance partners. ...

1950s: The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and codenamed the Argonaut Conference, was the wartime meeting from February 4 to 11, 1945 between the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union. ... Attlee, Truman, and Stalin at Potsdam The Potsdam Conference was a conference held at Cecilienhof in Potsdam, Germany (near Berlin), from July 17 to August 2, 1945. ... The Iran crisis an international crisis concerning Iran in 1946. ... Combatants Chinese Nationalist Party Chinese Communist Party Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength 3,600,000 circa June 1948 2,800,000 circa June 1948 The Chinese Civil War (Traditional Chinese: åœ‹å…±å†…æˆ°; Simplified Chinese: å›½å…±å†…æˆ˜; Pinyin: guÃ³gÃ²ng neÃ¬zhÃ n; literally Nationalist-Communist Civil War) was a conflict in... The Truman Doctrine was part of the United States political response to perceived aggression by the Soviet Union in Europe and the Middle East, illustrated through the communist movements in Iran, Turkey and Greece. ... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... Map of Cold-War era Europe showing the countries that received Marshall Plan aid. ... The Berlin Blockade, one of the first major crises of the Cold War, occurred from June 24, 1948 to May 11, 1949 when the Soviet Union blocked railroad and street access to West Berlin. ...

1960s: Combatants Western Allied/UN combatants: South Korea, United States Communist combatants: North Korea, Peoples Republic of China Strength Note: All figures may vary according to source. ... Protesters marching through the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin The Uprising of 1953 in East Germany took place in June and July 1953. ... Combatants Soviet Union AVH Hungarian government, various nationalist militias Commanders Yuri Andropov PÃ¡l MalÃ©ter, Gergely PongrÃ¡tz, JÃ³zsef DudÃ¡s Strength 150,000 troops, 6,000 tanks 100,000+ demonstrators (some later armed), unknown number of soldiers Casualties 7,000 KIA 25,000 - 50,000 KIA, 1... Combatants Israel, France, United Kingdom Egypt Commanders Moshe Dayan (CoS of the IDF) General Sir Charles Keightley (C-in-C), Vice-Admiral Pierre Barjot (Deputy) Gamal Abdel Nasser Strength 45,000 British, 34,000 French, 175,000 Israeli 300,000 Egyptians Casualties 189 Israelis KIA, unknown number WIA, 16 British... Combatants Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) United States of America South Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand the Philippines Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) National Liberation Front (Viet Cong) Strength ~1,200,000 (1968) ~420,000 (1968) Casualties South Vietnamese dead: 230,000 South Vietnamese wounded: 300,000 US dead... Sputnik 1 The Sputnik crisis was a turn point of the Cold War that began on October 4, 1957 when the Soviet Union launched the Sputnik 1 satellite. ...

Sino-Soviet Split
U-2 Crisis of 1960
Guatemalan Civil War
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Cuban Missile Crisis

1960s (continued): The Sino-Soviet split was a major diplomatic conflict between the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), beginning in the late 1950s, reaching a peak in 1969 and continuing in various ways until the late 1980s. ... The U-2 Crisis of 1960 occurred when an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. ... Guatemala experienced a 36 years civil war which had a profound impact on this Latin American country. ... Combatants Cuban militia Cuban exiles trained by the US Commanders Fidel Castro Grayston Lynch Pepe San Roman Erneido Oliva Strength 51,000 1,500 Casualties 2,200; estimated 114 dead 1,189 captured Cuban poster warning before invasion showing a soldier armed with an RPD machine gun. ... U.S.A.F. spy photo of one of the suspected launch sites The Cuban Missile Crisis refers to the tense confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States regarding the Soviet deployment of nuclear missiles in Cuba. ...

1970s: In the last phase of the wallÂ´s development, the death strip between fence and concrete wall gave guards a clear shot at hundreds of would-be escapees from the East. ... People in a cafÃ© watch Soviet tanks roll past The Prague Spring (Czech: PraÅ¾skÃ© jaro, Slovak: PraÅ¾skÃ¡ jar, Russian: Ð¿Ñ€Ð°Ð¶ÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÐ½Ð°) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia starting January 5, 1968, and running until August 20 of that year when the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies... The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks refers to two rounds of bilateral talks and corresponding international treaties between the Soviet Union and United States, the Cold War superpowers, on the issue of armament control. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

1980s: The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks refers to two rounds of bilateral talks and corresponding international treaties between the Soviet Union and United States, the Cold War superpowers, on the issue of armament control. ... Richard Nixon met with Mao Zedong in 1972. ... Map of Angola Following the end of Portuguese colonial rule in April 1974, newly-independent Angola descended into a devasting civil war which became Africas longest running conflict. ... Combatants USSR Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Mujahideen Rebels supported by nations such as the United States, Pakistan, China and Saudi Arabia Commanders General Boris Gromov Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Sibghatullah Mojadeddi Ahmed Shah Massoud Abdul Ali Mazari Indirect and Minor roles Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq Casualties Over 15,000 Soviet military personnel...

1990s: Solidarity (Polish: SolidarnoÅ›Ä‡; full name: Independent Self-governing Trade Union Solidarity â€” NiezaleÅ¼ny SamorzÄ…dny ZwiÄ…zek Zawodowy SolidarnoÅ›Ä‡) is a Polish trade union federation founded in September 1980 at the GdaÅ„sk Shipyards, and originally led by Lech WaÅ‚Ä™sa. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Poster showing Mikhail Gorbachev Perestroika â–¶ (helpÂ· info) (ÐŸÐµÑ€ÐµÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾ÌÐ¹ÐºÐ°) is the Russian word (which passed into English) for the economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. ... Germans dancing on the Berlin Wall. ... In the last phase of the wallÂ´s development, the death strip between fence and concrete wall gave guards a clear shot at hundreds of would-be escapees from the East. ... Non-violent protesters are fighting with flowers against armored policemen The Velvet Revolution (Czech: sametovÃ¡ revoluce, Slovak: neÅ¾nÃ¡ revolÃºcia) (November 16 â€“ December 29, 1989) refers to a bloodless revolution in Czechoslovakia that saw the overthrow of the communist government there. ... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ...

Dissolution of the USSR

Other conflicts: // The rise of Gorbachev Although reform in the Soviet Union stalled between 1969â€“1982, a generational shift gave new momentum for reform. ... 1940-1946 January 7: Republic of Austria is reconstituted, with its 1937 borders, but divided into four zones of control: American, British, French, and Soviet. ... Countries behind Iron Curtain are shaded red. ... Member states of the Non-Aligned Movement (2005) The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM, is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ... Containment refers to the foreign policy strategy of the United States in the early years of the Cold War. ... See rollback (data management) for the operation that returns a database to some previous state or Wikipedia:Rollback for the specific rollback function of Wikipedia. ... An Arms Race is a competition between two or more countries for military supremacy. ... US and USSR/Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles, 1945-2005. ... Nuclear arms may play a large role in the hypothetical war. ... For other uses, see Space Race (disambiguation). ... Political cartoon of the era depicting an anarchist attempting to destroy the Statue of Liberty. ... Joseph Raymond McCarthy McCarthyism took place during a period of intense suspicion in the United States primarily from 1950 to 1954, when the U.S. government was actively countering American Communist Party subversion, its leadership, and others suspected of being Communists or Communist sympathizers. ... // Browder, Golos and Peters By the mid to late 1920s, there were three elements of Soviet power operating in the United States, despite the absence of formal diplomatic relations, the Comintern, military intelligence or GRU, and the forerunner of the KGB, the GPU. The Comintern was the dominant arm, though... Ostpolitik or Eastern Politics describes the realisation of the Change through Rapprochement principle, verbalised by Egon Bahr in 1963, by the effort of Willy Brandt, Chancellor of West Germany, to normalize relations with Eastern European nations including East Germany. ... The CIAs seal features an eagle atop a sixteen-point compass. ... The KGB emblem and motto: The sword and the shield KGB (transliteration of ÐšÐ“Ð‘) is the Russian-language abbreviation for State Security Committee, (Russian: ; Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti). ... Logo of East Germanys Ministerium fÃ¼r Staatssicherheit (MfS or Stasi) / Ministry for State Security This article is about Stasi, the secret police of East Germany. ...

Political leaders: Combatants State of Israel Arab nations Arab-Israeli conflict series History of the Arab-Israeli conflict Views of the Arab-Israeli conflict International law and the Arab-Israeli conflict Arab-Israeli conflict facts, figures, and statistics Participants Israeli-Palestinian conflict Â· Arab League Â· Soviet Union / Russia Â· Israel and the United Nations... Image File history File links Flag_of_NATO.svg The flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... Image File history File links Seal of the Warsaw Pact. ... Unofficial Seal of the Warsaw Pact Distinguish from the Warsaw Convention, which is an agreement among airlines about financial liability. ...

United States

Soviet Union
- Joseph Stalin
- Georgy Malenkov
- Nikita Khrushchev
- Leonid Brezhnev
- Yuri Andropov
- Konstantin Chernenko
- Mikhail Gorbachev

Political leaders: Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ... Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 â€“ December 26, 1972) was the thirty-fourth Vice President (1945) and the thirty-third President of the United States (1945â€“1953), succeeding to the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. ... Dwight David Eisenhower, (October 14, 1890 â€“ March 28, 1969, popularly known as Ike) was an American soldier and politician. ... John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 â€“ November 22, 1963), often referred to as John F. Kennedy, JFK or Jack Kennedy, was the 35th President of the United States. ... LBJ redirects here. ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 â€“ April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. ... For the submarine, see USS Jimmy Carter (SSN-23). ... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 â€“ June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981â€“1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967â€“1975). ... George Herbert Walker Bush, GCB, (born June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States (1989â€“1993). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union. ... (Russian, in full: Ð˜Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ñ„ Ð’Ð¸ÑÑÐ°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¡Ñ‚Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð½ [Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin]; December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] â€“ March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953), a... (Russian: ; surname commonly anglicized as Khrushchev, IPA: ; April 17, 1894 â€“ September 11, 1971) was the leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin. ... Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (Russian: ; December 19 [O.S. December 6] 1906 â€“ November 10, 1982) was the effective ruler of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982, though at first in partnership with others. ... Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (Russian: Ð®ÌÑ€Ð¸Ð¹ Ð’Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð¸ÌÐ¼Ð¸Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐÐ½Ð´Ñ€Ð¾ÌÐ¿Ð¾Ð²; 15 June [O.S. 2 June] 1914 â€“ February 9, 1984) was a Soviet politician and General Secretary of the CPSU from November 12, 1982 until his death just sixteen months later. ... Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (Russian: ) (September 24, 1911 â€“ March 10, 1985) was a Soviet politician and General Secretary of the CPSU who led the Soviet Union from February 13, 1984 until his death just thirteen months later. ... (Russian: , IPA: , commonly anglicized as Gorbachev; born March 2, 1931) was leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. ...

Europe
- Winston Churchill
- Clement Attlee
- Charles de Gaulle
- Josip Broz Tito
- Konrad Adenauer
- Todor Zhivkov
- Imre Nagy
- Nicolae Ceauşescu
- Alexander Dubček
- Willy Brandt
- Erich Honecker
- Helmut Kohl
- Pope John Paul II
- Margaret Thatcher
- Lech Wałęsa

Asia:
- Mao Zedong
- Chiang Kai-shek
- Kim Il-sung
- Ho Chi Minh

Latin America:
- Fidel Castro
- Che Guevara

Categories: 1902 births | 1988 deaths | Heads of Government of the Soviet Union Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC (30 November 1874 â€“ 24 January 1965) was a British politician and author, best known as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, KG, OM, CH, PC (3 January 1883â€“8 October 1967) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_France. ... Charles AndrÃ© Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( ) (22 November 1890 - 9 November 1970), in France commonly referred to as le gÃ©nÃ©ral de Gaulle, was a French military leader and statesman. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia. ... Portrait of Tito by Paja JovanoviÄ‡ Tito redirects here. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Election Poster showing Adenauer Konrad Adenauer (January 5, 1876 â€“ April 19, 1967) was a conservative German statesman. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bulgaria. ... Todor Zhivkov Todor Hristov Zhivkov (Bulgarian: ToÐ´Ð¾Ñ€ XpÐ¸cÑ‚oÐ² Ð–Ð¸Ð²ÐºÐ¾Ð²; pronounced TO-dor HRIS-tov ZHIF-kof) (September 7, 1911â€“August 5, 1998) was the Communist leader of Bulgaria from March 4, 1954 until November 10, 1989. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Hungary. ... Imre Nagy (born in KaposvÃ¡r, Hungary June 7, 1896, executed June 16, 1958) was Prime Minister of Hungary on two occasions. ... Image File history File links Romania_flag_1947-1989. ... Nicolae CeauÅŸescu (IPA ) (January 26, 1918 - December 25, 1989) was the leader of Communist Romania from 1965 until shortly before his execution. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic. ... Alexander DubÄek Alexander DubÄek (November 27, 1921 â€“ November 7, 1992) was a Slovak politician and briefly leader of Czechoslovakia (1968-1969), famous for his attempt to reform the Communist regime (Prague Spring). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Willy Brandt, born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm (December 18, 1913 â€“ October 8, 1992) was a German politician and Chancellor of Germany from 1969 to 1974. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_East_Germany. ... Erich Honecker (25 August 1912â€“29 May 1994) was a German Communist politician who led East Germany (German Democratic Republic) from 1971 until 1989. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Dr. Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (born April 3, 1930) was a prominent German politician and statesman. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Vatican_City. ... Pope John Paul II (Latin: ), born Karol JÃ³zef WojtyÅ‚a [1] (May 18, 1920 â€“ April 2, 2005) reigned as pope of the Roman Catholic Church for almost 27 years, from October 16, 1978 until his death, making his the second-longest pontificate. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS (born 13 October 1925) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Poland. ... Office President of Poland Term of office from December 22, 1990 until December 23, 1995 Profession Electrician and shipyard worker Political party none, see Solidarity for details Spouse Danuta WaÅ‚Ä™sa Date of birth September 29, 1943 Place of birth Popowo, Poland Date of death Place of death Lech Wa... World map showing the location of Asia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China. ... Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 â€“ April 5, 1975) was a Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_North_Korea. ... Kim Il-sung (ê¹€ì¼ì„±) (15 April 1912 â€“ 8 July 1994) was the leader of North Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death, when he was succeeded by his son Kim Jong-il. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Vietnam. ... Official portrait of Há»“ ChÃ Minh Há»“ ChÃ Minh (May 19, 1890 â€“ September 2, 1969) was a Vietnamese revolutionary and statesman, who later became Prime Minister (1946-1955) and President (1955-1969) of North Vietnam. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cuba. ... Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (pron. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cuba. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Argentina. ... Ernesto Guevara de la Serna (June 14, 1928 â€“ October 9, 1967), commonly known as Che Guevara or el Che, was an Argentine-born physician, Marxist revolutionary, politician, and Cuban guerrilla leader. ...