For other uses, see Austria (disambiguation).

The Republic of German Austria (German: Republik Deutschösterreich or Deutsch-Österreich) was the initial rump state successor to Austro-Hungarian Empire following World War I for areas with a predominantly ethnic German population. It claimed an area of 118,311 km² with 10.4 million inhabitants including the current area of the Republic of Austria and other German-speaking areas of the former Austrian Imperial lands (Cisleithania) of Austria-Hungary. These included South Tyrol and Tarvis (Tarvisio), now in Italy, southern Carinthia and southern Styria, now in Slovenia, and Sudetenland proper and German Bohemia (later also part of Sudetenland), now in the Czech Republic. This is the history of Austria. ... Originally from Bamberg in Franconia, now northern Bavaria, the Babenbergs or Babenberger ruled Austria as counts of the march and dukes from 976 - 1248, before the rise of the house of Habsburg. ... The Habsburg Monarchy, often called Austrian Monarchy or simply Austria, are the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine, between 1526 and 1867/1918. ... The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy The Crown of the Austrian Emperor For the history of these states before 1804, see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... In Austrian history, the First Republic refers to the period after World War I, following the breakdown of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, up to World War II. This period was marked by violent strife between the left and the right, e. ... Supporters of the Austrian Christian Social Party in 1934 Austrofascism is a term which is frequently used to describe the authoritarian rule installed in Austria between 1934 and 1938. ... German troops march into Austria on 12 March 1938. ... The Second Austrian Republic was founded in 1945 with the re-establishment of Austrian independence in the aftermath of World War II. The First Republic is considered to have come to an end either in 1938, with Germanys annexation of the country (the Anschluss), or with the establishment of... A rump state is the remnant of a once-larger government, left with limited powers or authority after a disaster, invasion or military occupation. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Combatants Allied Powers: British Empire French Empire Italy Russian Empire Kingdom of Serbia United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria German Empire Ottoman Empire Commanders Douglas Haig Sir John Jellicoe Ferdinand Foch Nikolay II Nikolay Yudenich Radomir Putnik Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Reinhard Scheer Franz Josef I Oskar... Ethnic Germans—usually simply called Germans are those who are considered, by themselves or others, to be ethnically German, but do not live within the present-day Federal Republic of Germany or hold its citizenship. ... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... Cisleithania (German: Cisleithanien) was the name of the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary, the Dual monarchy created in 1867 and dissolved in 1918. ... South Tyrol (German and Ladin: Südtirol, Italian: Alto Adige; official in German: Autonome Provinz Bozen - Südtirol, official in Italian: Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano - Alto Adige, official in Ladin: Provinzia Autonòma de Balsan - Südtirol) is an autonomous province of Italy that belongs to the region of Trentino... Tarvisio (German und Friulian: Tarvis, slovenian: Trbiž) is a town in Italy located in the northeastern part of the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia in the Province of Udine, at the border both to Austria and Slovenia, in the Val Canale. ... Carinthia (Kärnten in German, Koroška in Slovenian) can refer to: Carinthia - a federal state of Austria Carinthia - an informal province in Slovenia Carinthia - a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire and crownland of Austria_Hungary Karantania - the first Slovenian state This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other... Styria (Steiermark in German, Štajerska in Slovenian) can refer to: Styria - a federal state of Austria Styria - an informal province in Slovenia Styria - a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire and crownland of Austria-Hungary This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise... Sudetenland (German: Sudetenland; Czech: Sudety, Polish: Sudety) was the name used from 1938–45 for the region inhabited mostly by Sudeten Germans (German: Sudetendeutsche, Czech: SudetÅ¡tí NÄ›mci, Polish: Niemcy Sudeccy) in the various places of Bohemia, Moravia, and parts of Silesia. ...

10-heller German Austrian postage stamps from 1920.

The heller, or haller was a German coin valued at half a pfennig named after city of Hall (today Schwäbisch Hall). ... A selection of Hong Kong postal stamps A postage stamp is evidence of pre-paying a fee for postal services. ...

History

In Habsburg Austria-Hungary, "German Austria" was an unofficial term used to describe areas of the empire inhabited by ethnic Germans. With the impending collapse of the empire in late 1918, ethnic German deputies to the Cisleithanian Austrian parliament (Reichsrat) last elected in 1911 sought to form a new rump state of German Austria. It declared a "provisional national assembly of the independent German Austrian state" and elected Franz Dinghofer of the German National Movement, Jodok Fink of the Christian Social Party, and Karl Seitz of the Social Democratic Workers' Party as assembly presidents. Karl Renner was chosen as chancellor of Austria. The assembly included representatives from Bohemia, Moravia, and Austrian Silesia who refused to adhere to the new state of Czechoslovakia which had been declared on 28 October 1918. Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Between 1867 and 1918, the Reichsrat was the parliament of Cisleithania, the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary, which was officially known as the kingdoms and lands represented in the Reichsrat (German die im Reichsrat vertretenen Königreiche und Länder). ... The Christian Social Party (CS) was an Austrian political party from 1893 to 1933 and a predecessor of the contemporary Austrian Peoples Party. ... Karl Seitz (September 4, 1869 - February 3, 1950) was an Austrian politician. ... Karl Renner Monument to Karl Renner next to the Austrian Parliament, Ringstraße, Vienna, Austria Karl Renner (December 14, 1870 - December 31, 1950) was an Austrian politician. ... The Federal Chancellor of Austria (Bundeskanzler) is the head of government in Austria. ... Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... Moravia in relation to the current kraje of the Czech Republic Moravia (Czech and Slovak: Morava, German: ( ), Hungarian: Morvaország, Polish: Morawy) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic. ... Silesia (Polish ÅšlÄ…sk, German Schlesien, Czech Slezsko) is a historical region in central Europe. ... 1628 - The Siege of La Rochelle, which had been ongoing for 14 months, ends with Huguenot surrender 1664 - The Duke of York and Albanys Maritime Regiment of Foot later to be known as the Royal Marines is established. ...

A 1916 Austro-Hungarian 1 crown banknote overprinted with "Deutschösterreich" (German Austria) in 1919.

On 11 November 1918, Emperor Charles I of Austria relinquished power and, on 12 November, German Austria was officially declared a republic. The provisional national assembly drafted provisional constitution that stated that "German Austria is a democratic republic" (Article 1) and "German Austria is a component of the German Republic" (Article 2). Later plebiscites in the provinces of Tyrol and Salzburg yielded majorities of 98 and 99% in favor of a unification with Germany. On 22 November, the national assembly officially laid claim to all ethnic German areas of Cisleithania. However, the Allies of World War I opposed such a move and and German Austria was largely powerless to resist the forces of Italy, Czechoslovakia, and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes from seizing territory. Image File history File links One Krone-note from 1919 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links One Krone-note from 1919 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... High inflation led to a change of currency from the old Krone to the new Schilling in 1925 The Austro-Hungarian Empire adopted the gold standard in 1892 when the new currency of the crown (abbr. ... A £20 Ulster Bank banknote. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Czech), Karol IV (in Slovak), Charles (in English) Karl of Austria (August 17, 1887 - April 1, 1922), more formally known as Karl Franz Josef Ludwig Hubert Georg Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen, was (among other titles) the last Emperor of Austria, the last King of Hungary and Bohemia, and the last... November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 49 days remaining. ... German Republic can refer to: Weimar Republic Federal Republic of Germany Category: ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... European military alliances in 1915. ... The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state which existed from December 1, 1918 to mid-April 1941. ...

On 10 September 1919, Chancellor Karl Renner, signed the Treaty of Saint Germain and it was ratified by the national assembly on 21 October. According to its provisions, the name of the republic was changed from "German Austria" to "Austria" and any efforts for the country to unify with Germany were banned. Article 88 of the treaty, sometimes called the Anschluss prohibition, states that "the independence of Austria is inalienable otherwise than with the consent of the Council of the League of Nations." [1] Likewise, in the Treaty of Versailles dictating the terms of peace for Germany, there was a prohibition of unification. With these changes and the settling of Austria's frontiers, the era of the First Austrian Republic began. September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... Karl Renner Monument to Karl Renner next to the Austrian Parliament, Ringstraße, Vienna, Austria Karl Renner (December 14, 1870 - December 31, 1950) was an Austrian politician. ... The Treaty of Saint-Germain, was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the new republic of Austria on the other. ... October 21 is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 71 days remaining. ... German troops march into Austria on 12 March 1938. ... The Treaty of Versailles (1919) was the peace treaty which officially ended World War I between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany. ... In Austrian history, the First Republic refers to the period after World War I, following the breakdown of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, up to World War II. This period was marked by violent strife between the left and the right, e. ...

Subdivisions

The provinces of German Austria

German Austria originally consisted of nine provinces (Provinzen) including:

1. Upper Austria (Oberösterreich), all of the current Austrian state of Upper Austria plus the Bohemian Forest region (Böhmerwaldgau) now in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic
2. Lower Austria (Niederösterreich), all of the current Austrian state of Lower Austria plus German South Moravia (Deutschsüdmähren), now divided between the Czech regions of South Bohemia, Vysočina, and South Moravia
3. German Bohemia (Deutschböhmen), areas of western Bohemia that were later part of Sudetenland from 1938-45, now part of the Czech Republic
4. Sudetenland proper, i.e. the historical Czech regions of northern Moravia and Czech Silesia (Austrian Silesia)
5. Styria (Steiermark), all of historical Styria including the current Austrian state of Styria and the Slovenian informal region of Lower Styria.
6. Salzburg, all of the current Austrian state of Salzburg
7. Carinthia (Kärnten), all of historical Carinthia including the current Austrian state of Carinthia, the Slovenian informal region of Carinthia
8. German Tyrol (Deutschtirol), most of historical Tyrol including the current Austrian state of Tyrol and the Italian province of South Tyrol but not the province Trento
9. Vorarlberg, all of the current Austrian state of Vorarlberg

Several German minority populations in Moravia, including German populations in Brno (Brünn), Jihlava (Iglau), and Olomouc (Olmütz) also attempted to proclaim their union with German Austria but failed. The areas now outside of the current Republic of Austria often had significant non-German minorities and occasionally non-German majorities and were quickly taken by troops of the respective countries they were to eventually join. On the other hand, ethnic Germans in the western part of the Kingdom of Hungary that formed a majority in the area known as German West Hungary and agitated to join to Austria were successful and the area became the state of Burgenland. Upper Austria (Ober sterreich) is one of the nine federal states or Bundesl nder of Austria. ... South Bohemian Region (in Czech Jihočeský kraj) is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located mostly in the southern part of its historical region of Bohemia, with a small part in southwestern Moravia. ... Map of Lower Austria showing districts and the four quarters (Waldviertel in green, Weinviertel in red, Mostviertel in yellow and Industrieviertel in blue) Lower Austria (de: Niederösterreich) is one of the nine states or Bundesländer in Austria. ... Vysočina Region (Czech: kraj Vysočina), also known as Jihlava Region, is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-eastern part of the historical region of Bohemia and partly in the south-west of the historical region of Moravia. ... South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. ... Sudetenland (German: Sudetenland; Czech: Sudety, Polish: Sudety) was the name used from 1938–45 for the region inhabited mostly by Sudeten Germans (German: Sudetendeutsche, Czech: SudetÅ¡tí NÄ›mci, Polish: Niemcy Sudeccy) in the various places of Bohemia, Moravia, and parts of Silesia. ... Moravia in relation to the current kraje of the Czech Republic Moravia (Czech and Slovak: Morava, German: ( ), Hungarian: Morvaország, Polish: Morawy) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic. ... ... Styria was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, and a crownland of Austria-Hungary until it dissolved in 1918. ... Styria was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, and a crownland of Austria-Hungary until it dissolved in 1918. ... Styria redirects here. ... Lower Styria (Slovenian Spodnja Å tajerska, German Untersteiermark, Latin Styria) is made up of the southern third of the former Duchy of Styria and is a region in northeastern Slovenia. ... Salzburg (area 7154 sq. ... Coat of arms of the Dukes of Carinthia, today state arms The Duchy of Carinthia (German language: Kärnten, Slovenian: KoroÅ¡ka) was a duchy located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia. ... Coat of arms of the Dukes of Carinthia, today state arms The Duchy of Carinthia (German language: Kärnten, Slovenian: KoroÅ¡ka) was a duchy located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia. ... Carinthia (German Kärnten) is an Austrian state or Land, located in the south of Austria. ... Carinthia (Slovene KoroÅ¡ka) is an informal province in the north of Slovenia. ... The Tyrol is a historical region in Western Central Europe, which includes the Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Tyrol) and the Italian regions known as the South Tyrol and Trentino. ... The Tyrol is a historical region in Western Central Europe, which includes the Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Tyrol) and the Italian regions known as the South Tyrol and Trentino. ... South Tyrol (German and Ladin: Südtirol, Italian: Alto Adige; official in German: Autonome Provinz Bozen - Südtirol, official in Italian: Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano - Alto Adige, official in Ladin: Provinzia Autonòma de Balsan - Südtirol) is an autonomous province of Italy that belongs to the region of Trentino... Trento (Italian: Provincia autonoma di Trento, German: Autonome Provinz Trient) is an autonomous province in the autonomous Trentino-South Tyrol region of Italy. ... Vorarlberg is the westernmost state (Land) of Austria. ... Brno ( ) (IPA: ) (German: Brünn) is the second largest city in the Czech Republic. ... Jihlava â–¶(?) (German Iglau) is a city in the Czech Republic. ... town hall with astronomical clock Olomouc (German Olmütz, Polish OÅ‚omuniec, Latin Eburum or Olomucium) is a city in Moravia, in the east of the Czech Republic. ... The Kingdom of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar Királyság) is the name of a multiethnic kingdom that existed in Central Europe from 1000 to 1918. ... Burgenland (Hungarian Várvidék, Őrvidék or FelsÅ‘Å‘rvidék, Croatian Gradišće, Slovenian Gradiščansko) is the easternmost state or Land of Austria. ...

20-heller German Austrian newspaper stamps from 1920.

The heller, or haller was a German coin valued at half a pfennig named after city of Hall (today Schwäbisch Hall). ... A newspaper stamp is a special type of postage stamp used to handle the mailing of newspapers and other periodicals. ...

Trivia

Despite the prohibition on the use of the term German Austria, the republic's unofficial national anthem form 1920-1929 was "German Austria, you wonderful country" ("Deutschösterreich, du herrliches Land") with words penned by then Chancellor Karl Renner, signer of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Karl Renner Monument to Karl Renner next to the Austrian Parliament, Ringstraße, Vienna, Austria Karl Renner (December 14, 1870 - December 31, 1950) was an Austrian politician. ... The Treaty of Saint-Germain, was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the new republic of Austria on the other. ...

See also

• History of Austria