Background

The German Mediatisation is a name applied to the series of mediatisations and secularisations which occurred in Germany during the Napoleonic Era (occurring 1795 - 1814AD). Mediatisation was, put simply, the process of annexing the lands of one sovereign monarchy to another, often leaving the annexed some rights. Secularisation was the process of annexing the secular lands held by an ecclesiastical ruler (such as a Bishop or an Abbot) and redistributing them to secular states. Mediatization, defined broadly, is the annexation of one sovereign monarchy by another sovereign monarchy in such a way that the ruler of the smaller state keeps their noble title (and sometimes, a measure of power). ... Secularization is a contentious term because the concept of secularization can be confused with secularism, a philosophical and political movement that promotes the idea that society benefits by being less religious, whereas the opposing view is that the values and beliefs implicit in religions support a more moral and, therefore... Bonaparte as general Napoleon Bonaparte ( 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution and was the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from November 11, 1799 to May 18, 1804, then as Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français...

Following the collapse of the Carolingian Empire and the creation and proliferation of Feudalism, much of Europe had been reduced to an array of small, independent statelets. Successive Kings of Germany and Holy Roman Emperors had at the same time vested temporal authority on many Bishoprics, Abbacies and Convents, and also granted Free City rights to many cities and villages throughout Germany. Unlike England and France, for example, the German kings were unable to coalesce their realms into a fully centralised kingdom, so over the course of centuries Germany had been reduced to no less than 300 independent states. Map of Carolingian Empire The term Carolingian Empire is sometimes used to refer to the realm of the Franks under the dynasty of the Carolingians. ... Roland pledges his fealty to Charlemagne; from a manuscript of a chanson de geste. ... The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (German: Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation ▶ (help· info), Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium Nationis Germanicae, see names and designations of the empire) was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... A city-state is a region controlled exclusively by a city. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the British Isles Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st UK...

Secularisation

From the reestablishment of the Holy Roman Empire by the Salian and Saxon Emperors in the 10th and 11th Centuries, the Feudal system had reduced Germany and northern Italy into a vast network of small statelets, each one having varying privileges, titles and autonomy. To help administer Germany in the face of growing decentralisation and local autonomy following the rise of Feudalism, many Bishoprics, Abbacies and Convents throughout Germany were granted noble titles, such as Prince, Duke, or Count, and temporal estates by successive Holy Roman Emperors. The personal appointment of the Bishops by the Holy Roman Emperors had sparked the Investiture controversy, and in its aftermath the Emperors were unable to use the Bishops for this end. Following this, the Bishops and Abbacies had begun to run their newfound realms as a temporal lord as opposed to a spiritual lord. The endemic corruption and decadence which followed had led to the falling from grace of the Ecclesiastical rulers, and eventually led to the Reformation. The Counter-Reformation reestablished the relevance of the Prince-Bishops as they had become known, but by the end of the Thirty Years' War and the Peace of Westphalia which had established the system whereby the inhabitants of a state were of the religion of the ruler left the Prince-Bishops again obsolete. The Salian Dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire was founded by Conrad II (c. ... The Free State of Saxony (German: Freistaat Sachsen; Sorbian: Swobodny Stata Sakska) is at a land area of 18,413 km² and a population of 4. ... INVESTITURE, from the Latin (preposition in and verb vestire, dress from vestis robe) is a rather general term for the formal installation of an incumbent (heir, elect of nominee) in his public office, especially by talking possession of its insignia. ... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... The Counter-Reformation or the Catholic Reformation was a strong reaffirmation of the doctrine and structure of the Catholic Church, climaxing at the Council of Trent, partly in reaction to the growth of Protestantism. ... The victory of Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) The Thirty Years War was a conflict fought between the years 1618 and 1648, principally on the territory of todays Germany, but also involving most of the major continental powers. ... The Ratification of the Treaty of Münster by Gerard Terborch (1648) Banquet of the Amsterdam Civic Guard in Celebration of the Peace of Münster by Bartholomeus van der Helst, 1648 The Peace of Westphalia, also known as the Treaties of Münster and Osnabrück, refers to the...

In 1797, Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte of France defeated the armed forces of the Holy Roman Emperor and by the Treaty of Campo Formio annexed all the lands of the Holy Roman Empire west of the Rhine River. The Holy Roman Emperor was bound by the duty to compensate the now stateless monarchs who lost their lands to grant them new estates. The only available lands were those held by the Prince-Bishops, so they were secularised and dispersed amongst the monarchs of Germany. Bonaparte as general Napoleon Bonaparte ( 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution and was the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from November 11, 1799 to May 18, 1804, then as Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français... The Treaty of Campo Formio was signed on October 17, 1797 (26 Vendémiaire, Year VI of the French Republic) by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Ludwig von Cobenzl as representatives of France and Austria. ... At 1,320 kilometres (820 miles) and an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second, the Rhine (German Rhein, French Rhin, Dutch Rijn, Romansch: Rein, Italian: Reno) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe. ...

Secularised States

Bishops and Archbishops: Augsburg; Bamberg (Babenberg); Basel; Brixen; Chur; Cologne (Köln); Constance (Konstanz); Eichstädt; Freising; Hildesheim; Liège; Lübeck; Mainz; Münster; Osnabrück; Paderborn; Passau; Regensburg; Salzburg; Sion; Spires (Speyer); Strasbourg; Trent (Trento); Trier; Worms; Würzburg The Bishop of Augsburg is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Augsburg in the Archdiocese of München und Freising / Munich. ... The Bishopric of Bamberg was an ecclesiastical principality in the Holy Roman Empire, located around the city of Bamberg in Upper Franconia, also including the city of Erlangen. ... The Bishop of Basel (German: Bischof von Basel) is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic diocese of Basel, Switzerland (Latin: Dioecesis Basileensis). ... The Bishop of Chur (German: Bischof von Chur) is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic diocese of Chur, Grisons, Switzerland (Latin: Dioecesis Curiensis). ... The Archbishopric of Cologne was one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. ... The Bishop of Eichstätt is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Eichstätt in the Archdiocese of Bamberg. ... The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising — known in the German language as Erzbistum München und Freising and in Latin as Archidioecesis Monacensis et Frisingensis — is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Bavaria, Germany. ... The Bishopric of Hildesheim is a Roman Catholic diocese in Lower Saxony; it was founded in 815. ... The Bishopric of Liège or Prince-Bishopric of Liège was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in present Belgium. ... Between 780–82 and 1802 the Archbishop of Mainz was an influential ecclesiastic and secular prince in the Holy Roman Empire. ... The Bishopric of Osnabrück is a Roman Catholic diocese in Germany; it was founded around 800. ... The Bishop of Passau is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Passau in the Archdiocese of München und Freising . ... The Archbishopric of Salzburg was an ecclesiastical state of the Holy Roman Empire, consisting of roughly of the present-day state of Salzburg in Austria. ... The Roman Catholic Diocese of Sion (German Sitten, Latin Sedunensis), in the Swiss canton of Valais, is the oldest bishopric in Switzerland and one of the oldest north of the Alps. ... The Bishop of Speyer is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer in the Archdiocese of Bamberg. ... The Archbishopric of Trier was one of the important ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. ... The Bishopric of Worms was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire. ... The Bishopric of Würzburg was an ecclesiastical principality in the Holy Roman Empire, located in Lower Franconia, around the City of Würzburg. ...

Abbeys, Convents and Provostries: Berchtesgaden; Beuron; Buchau; Corvey; Elchingen; Ellwangen; Essen; Fulda; Gutenzell; Heggbach; Heiligkreuzthal; Herford; Kaisersheim (Kaisheim); Kempten; Marchthal; Niedermünster-in-Regensburg; Neresheim; Ochsenhausen; Obermünster-in-Regensburg; Petershausen; Quedlinburg; Roth; Rottenmünster; Salem; Salmansweiler; Schöntal; Schussenried; Söflingen; Sorlingen; Stablo-Malmedy; St. Blasien; St. Cornelimünster; St. Emmeran; St. Gall; Thorn; Weingarten; Weissenau; Werden-Helmstedt; Wiblingen; Zweifalten Berchtesgaden is a German municipality in the Bavarian Alps with a population of around 9,000. ... Bad Buchau is a little town in the district of Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany with about 4. ... The Imperial Abbey of Corvey (German: Fürstabtei Corvey) was a Benedictine abbey on the River Weser, 2km northwest of Höxter, now in North Rhine-Westphalia. ... Elchingen on the Danube is a municipality 7 km east of Ulm/Neu-Ulm in the Neu-Ulm district in Bavaria, Germany. ... Ellwangen is a town in the district of Ostalbkreis in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. ... [Essen], german for Meal [essen], german for eat Essen is the name of the following places: Essen, Germany, one of the major cities of the Ruhr area Essen, Belgium Essen, Netherlands, a village in the province of Groningen German: to eat, eating, food This is a disambiguation page — a navigational... Fulda is a city in Hessen, Germany; it is located on the Fulda River and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district. ... Map of Germany showing Herford Herford is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... Kempten can refer to: A town in Bavaria, Germany, Kempten im Allgäu. ... Ochsenhausen is a city in the district of Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Roland The city of Quedlinburg in the German Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt has existed since at least the early ninth century, when a settlement known as Gross Orden existed at the site of the modern Quedlinburg. ... Roth is a town in Germany, in the state of Bavaria, situated about 25 km south of Nuremberg (Nürnberg in German). ... Salem, ca. ... St. ... Thorn is a municipality and a town in the southern Netherlands. ... Weingarten, Basilica of St. ... Kloster Werden or Werden Abbey is a Benedictine monastery in Essen-Werden (Germany), situated on the Ruhr. ... St. ...

Mediatisation

Although the number of German states had been steadily decreasing since the Thirty Years' War, there still remained approximately 200 states by the advent of the Napoleonic Era. The defeat of the First Coalition resulted in the secularisation of the Ecclesial states and the annexation by France of all lands west of the Rhine. Also in 1803, most of the Free Cities in Germany were mediatised. On June 12, 1806, Napoleon established the Confederation of the Rhine to help secure the eastern border of France. On August 6, 1806, the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II declared the Empire abolished. In order to gain the support of the more powerful German states, it was announced that all states which joined could mediatise neighbouring states. Germany is a federation of 16 states called Länder (singular Land, which may be translated as country) or unofficially Bundesländer (singular Bundesland, German federal state). ... The victory of Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) The Thirty Years War was a conflict fought between the years 1618 and 1648, principally on the territory of todays Germany, but also involving most of the major continental powers. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... The name First Coalition (1793–1797) designates the first major concerted effort of multiple European powers to contain revolutionary France. ... June 12 is the 163rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (164th in leap years), with 202 days remaining. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation (Rheinbund in German; in French officially États confédérés du Rhin but in practice Confédération du Rhin) lasted from 1806 to 1813 and was formed from sixeteen German states by Napoleon after he defeated Habsburgs Francis II... August 6 is the 218th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (219th in leap years), with 147 days remaining. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Francis II Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, who is also referred to as Francis von Habsburg or Emperor Franz I of Austria (February 12, 1768 – March 2, 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until August 6, 1806, when the Empire was disbanded. ...

Following the Battle of Waterloo and the exile of Napoleon to St. Helena, the Congress of Vienna was held in 1814 by the Great Powers to reestablish the old borders of Europe. It was decided that the mediatised monarchs, free cities and secularised states would not be recreated, but instead the monarchs of the mediatised states though were to be considered equal to the remaining sovereign monarchs, and they would receive compensation for their loss. As it was left to each of the remaining states to compensate them, and with no authority to complain to if they weren't fairly reimbursed, many of the monarchs never received any. Combatants France Anglo-Allied/Prussian/ Dutch Commanders Napoléon Bonaparte Duke of Wellington Gebhard von Blücher Strength 73,000 67,000 Anglo-Allied 60,000 Prussian (48,000 engaged by about 18:00) Casualties 34,000 23,000 Map of the Waterloo campaign The Battle of Waterloo, fought on... The Congress of Vienna was a conference between ambassadors from the major powers in Europe that was chaired by the Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich and held in Vienna, Austria, from September 1, 1814, to June 9, 1815. ...

Mediatised Monarchies

• Abensberg-Traun: Count of Abensberg-Traun
• Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym: Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Hoym 1806
• Arenberg: Prince of Arenberg 1810
• Aspremont-Lynden: Count of Aspremont-Lynden 1806
• Auersperg: Prince of Auersperg 1806; Prince of Auersperg-Schönfeldscher 1806; Prince of Auersperg-Zweig 1806
• Bentheim: Count of Bentheim-Bentheim and Bentheim-Steinfurt 1806; Count of Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda 1808
• Bentinck: Count of Knyphausen; Lord of Lütetsberg
• Bömelberg: Baron of Bömelberg 1806
• Bretzenheim: Prince of Bretzenheim 1803 - 1804
• Castell: Count of Castell-Castell 1806; Count of Castell-Rüdenhausen 1806
• Colloredo: Prince of Colloredo-Mannsfeld 1806
• Croÿ: Prince of Croy-Dulmen 1806; Duke of Croy-Solre 1806
• Dietrichstein: Prince of Dietrichstein 1806
• Erbach: Count of Erbach-Fürstenau 1806; Count of Erbach-Erbach 1806; Prince of Erbach-Schönberg 1806
• Esterházy von Galántha: Prince of Esterházy 1806
• Fürstenberg: Prince of Fürstenberg-Pürglitz 1806; Count of Fürstenberg-Taikowitz 1806; Count of Fürstenberg-Weitra 1806
• Fugger: Prince of Fugger-Babenberg 1806; Count of Fugger-Kirchberg-Weissenhorn 1806; Count of Fugger-Glött 1806; Count of Fugger-Kirchheim 1806; Count of Fugger-Nordendorf 1806
• Giech: Count of Giech 1806
• Harrach: Count of Harrach 1806
• Hesse: Elector of Hesse-Cassel 1807; Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg 1806
• Hohenlohe: Prince of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein 1806; Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen 1806; Prince of Hohenlohe-Jagstberg 1806; Count of Hohenlohe-Kirchberg 1806; Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 1806; Count of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst 1806
• Isenburg: Prince of Isenburg 1814; Count of Isenburg-Büdingen 1806; Count of Isenburg-Meerholz 1806; Count of Isenburg-Philippseich 1806; Count of Isenburg-Wächtersbach 1806
• Kaunitz-Rietberg: Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg 1806
• Khevenhüller-Metsch: Prince of Khevenhüller-Metsch 1806
• Königsegg-Aulendorf: Count of Königsegg-Aulendorf 1806
• Kuefstein: Count of Kuefstein 1806
• Leiningen: Count of Leiningen-Billigheim 1806; Prince of Leiningen-Hartenburg 1806; Count of Leiningen-Neudenau 1806
• Leyen: Prince of Leyen 1814
• Ligne: Prince of Ligne before 1806
• Limburg-Styrum: Count of Limburg-Styrum 1806; Count of Limburg-Styrum-Borkelö 1806; Count of Limburg-Styrum-Bronchhorst 1806
• Lobkowicz: Prince of Lobkowicz 1806
• Löwenstein-Wertheim: Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg 1806; Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg 1806
• Looz und Corswarem: Duke of Looz-Corswarem 1806
• Metternich: Prince of Metternich 1806
• Neipperg: Count of Neipperg 1806
• Nesselrode: Count of Nesselrode 1806
• Nostitz: Count of Nostitz 1806; Count of Thürmitz 1806; Count of Tschochau 1806
• Orsini and Rosenberg: Prince of Orsini and Rosenberg 1806
• Ortenburg: Count of Ortenburg-Neuortenburg 1806
• Ostein: Count of Ostein 1806
• Öttingen: Prince of Öttingen-Spielberg 1806; Prince of Öttingen-Wallerstein 1806
• Pappenheim: Count of Pappenheim 1806
• Platen-Hallermund: Count of Platen-Hallermund 1806
• Plettenberg: Count of Plettenberg-Wittem 1806
• Pückler-Limpurg: Count of Pückler 1806
• Quadt: Count of Quadt-Isny 1806
• Rechberg: Count of Rechberg and Rothenlöwen 1806
• Rechteren-Limpurg: Count of Rechteren 1806
• Salm: Wild- and Rhinegrave of Salm-Horstmar 1813; Prince of Salm-Kyrburg 1813; Count of Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck 1806; Count of Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach 1806; Prince of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim 1806; Prince of Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz 1811; Prince of Salm-Salm 1813
• Sayn-Wittgenstein: Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg 1806; Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Karlsburg 1806; Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg 1806; Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein 1806
• Schäsberg: Count of Schäsberg-Thannheim 1806
• Schlitz gennant von Görtz: Count of Görtz 1806
• Schönborn: Count of Schönborn-Wiesentheid 1806
• Schönburg: Count of Schönburg-Glauchau 1806; Prince of Schönburg-Hartenstein 1806; Prince of Schönburg-Waldenburg
• Schwarzenberg: Prince of Klingenberg 1806; Duke of Krumau 1806
• Solms: Count of Solms-Baruth 1806; Prince of Solms-Braunfels 1806; Prince of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich 1806; Count of Solms-Laubach 1806; Count of Solms-Rödelheim-Assenheim 1806; Count of Solms-Rödelheim und Assenheim 1806;Count of Solms-Wildenfels 1806
• Stadion: Count of Stadion-Thannhausen 1806; Count of Stadion-Warthausen 1806
• Starhemberg: Prince of Starhemberg 1806
• Sternberg-Manderscheid: Count and Countess of Sternberg-Manderscheid 1806
• Stolberg: Count of Stolberg-Rossla 1806; Count of Stolberg-Stolberg 1815; Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode 1809
• Thurn und Taxis: Prince of Thurn and Taxis 1806
• Törring Gutenzell: Count of Törring-Jettenbach 1806
• Trauttmansdorff-Weinsberg: Prince of Trauttmansdorff 1806
• Waldbott von Bassenheim: Count of Waldbott von Bassenheim 1806
• Waldburg: Prince of Waldburg-Waldsee 1806; Prince of Waldburg-Wurzach 1806; Prince of Waldburg-Zeil 1806
• Waldeck: Counts and Countesses of Waldeck-Bergheim 1806; Prince of Waldeck-Pyrmont 1806 (reestablished at Congress of Vienna)
• Wallmoden-Gimborn: Count of Wallmoden 1806
• Wartenberg: Count of Wartenberg 1806
• Wied: Prince of Wied-Neuwied 1806; Prince of Wied-Runkel 1806
• Windisch-Grätz: Prince of Windisch-Grätz-Elder 1806; Prince of Windisch-Grätz-Younger 1806
• Wurmbrand-Stuppach: Count of Wurmbrand-Stuppach 1806

As the mediatisations of the Houses of Abensberg-Traun, Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, Aspremont-Lynden, Bentinck, Bömelberg, Bretzenheim, Ligne, Limburg-Styrum, Nesselrode, Nostitz, Ostein, and Wartenberg occured before the founding of the Confederation of the Rhine, they are not counted officially as mediatised monarchies. Hesse-Homburg was never considered sovereign by Hesse-Darmstadt and therefore was not technically mediatised, and Hesse-Cassel was annexed into the Kingdom of Westphalia but later had its' sovereignty restored. Arenberg (also spelled as Aremberg or Ahremberg) is a historic duchy located in modern Germany. ... Auersperg was a German Princely family, which held estates in Austria and Thengen (located in southern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, north of Schaffhausen, Switzerland. ... Auersperg-Schönfeldscher was a German Princely family, which emerged as a partition of the Principality of Auersperg in 1795. ... Auersperg-Zweig was a German Princely family, which emerged as a partition of the Principality of Auersperg in 1795. ... Bentheim-Bentheim was a County of southeastern Lower Saxony, Germany. ... Bentheim-Steinfurt was a County of Germany, located in northwestern North Rhine-Westphalia in the region surrounding Steinfurt. ... Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda was a County of northwestern North Rhine-Westphalia and southwestern Lower Saxony, Germany. ... Bretzenheim was a minor Principality in pre-Napoleonic Germany. ... Castell-Castell was a County located in the region of Franconia in northern Bavaria, Germany. ... Castell-Rüdenhausen was a County in the region of Franconia in northern Bavaria, Germany. ... Colloredo-Mannsfeld was a German Princely family which was based in Austria. ... The House of Esterházy (- German, in Hungarian: Eszterházy, in Slovak: Esterházi) was a noble family in the Kingdom of Hungary since the Middle Ages, which was among the great territorial magnates of the Kingdom of Hungary, during the time it was part of the Austrian Habsburg Empire. ... Fürstenberg-Pürglitz was a Principality of southwestern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located in the region around Pürglitz in the Czech Republic. ... Fürstenberg-Taikowitz was a line of Counts of Fürstenberg of southwestern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, based in Moravia in the Czech Republic. ... Fürstenberg-Weitra was a line of Counts of Fürstenberg of southwestern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, based in Bohemia in the Czech Republic. ... Hesse-Kassel (Hessen-Kassel) was a German principality that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1568 upon the death of Landgrave Philip of Hesse and his eldest son Wilhelm IV inherited the northern portion and established his capital in Kassel. ... Hesse-Homburg was formed into a separate landgraviate in 1622 by the landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt to be ruled by his son, although it did not become independent of Hesse-Darmstadt until 1668. ... Hohenlohe-Bartenstein was a German Principality located in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, around Bartenstein. ... Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen was a German County located in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, around Ingelfingen. ... Hohenlohe-Jagstberg was a Principality located in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, around Jagstberg which had been a territory of the Bishopric of Würzburg. ... Hohenlohe-Kirchberg was a German County located in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, around Kirchberg. ... Hohenlohe-Langenburg was a German County of northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located around Langenburg. ... Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst was a County in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Isenburg was a German region in southern Hesse, Germany, located in territories north and south of Frankfurt. ... Isenburg-Büdingen was a County of southern Hesse, Germany, located near Gelnhausen. ... Isenburg-Meerholz was a County of southern Hesse, Germany. ... Isenburg-Philippseich was a County of southern Hesse, Germany. ... Isenburg-Wächtersbach was a County of southern Hesse, Germany. ... Königsegg-Aulendorf was a county of southeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... The Principality of Leyen was a Napoleonic German state which existed 1806 - 1814 in Hohengeroldseck, in the west of modern Baden-Württemberg. ... Ligne is a French word meaning line. ... Limburg-Styrum was a mediæval County of Germany. ... Limburg-Styrum-Borkelö was a County of Germany, created as a partition of Limburg-Styrum-Bronchhorst-Borkelö. It was mediatised in 1806. ... Limburg-Styrum-Bronchhorst was a County of Germany. ... The Lobkowicz (also spelled Lobkovic) family is one of the oldest still existing Bohemian noble families dating back to the 14th century. ... Klemens Wenzel von Metternich Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar Fürst von Metternich-Winneberg-Beilstein (May 15, 1773 - June 11, 1858) (sometimes rendered in English as Prince Clemens Metternich) was an Austrian politician and statesman and perhaps the most important diplomat of his era. ... Count Karl Robert Nesselrode (December 14, 1780 - March 23, 1862) was a Russian diplomat and a leading European conservative statesman of the Holy Alliance. ... Ortenburg-Neuortenburg was a minor County in southeastern Bavaria, Germany, located about 10 kilometres west of Passau. ... Öttingen-Spielberg was a County in eastern Baden-Württemberg and western Bavaria, Germany. ... Öttingen-Wallerstein was a County in eastern Baden-Württemberg and western Bavaria, Germany. ... Pappenheim was a German statelet in western Bavaria, Germany, located on the Altmühl River between Treuchtlingen and Solnhofen, and south of Weissenburg. ... Prince Hermann Ludwig Heinrich von Pückler-Muskau Fürst Hermann Ludwig Heinrich von Pückler-Muskau (en: Prince Hermann Ludwig Heinrich von Pückler-Muskau) (30 October 1785 - 4 February 1871) was a German nobleman, who was an excellent artist in landscape gardening and wrote widely appreciated books, mostly... Rechberg and Rothenlöwen was a German statelet of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Salm-Horstmar was a shortlived Napoleonic County in far northern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located around Horstmar, to the northeast of Münster. ... Salm-Kyrburg was a medieval statelet located in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. ... Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck was a County in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the region around Dyck. ... Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach was a German statelet, which was a partition of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur. ... Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim was a German statelet, which was created as a succession of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur in 1803. ... Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz was a German dynastic Countship based in the modern Czech Republic. ... Salm-Salm was a German statelet located in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. ... Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg was a county located in southeastern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the region surrounding Berleburg extending southwards across the Eder and Lahn Rivers. ... Sayn-Wittgenstein-Karlsburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein was a county between Hesse-Darmstadt and Westphalia. ... Schönborn-Wiesentheid was a County of northwestern Bavaria, Germany, comprising of various isolated districts spanning from the Regnitz River to the Main River east of Würzburg. ... Klingenberg was a Principality of northwestern Bavaria and northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... The Duchy of Krumau was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire in southern Bohemia comprising ÄŒeský Krumlov and its surrounding territories (now in the Czech Republic). ... Solms-Braunfels was a County of northern Baden-Württemberg and eastern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. ... Solms-Hohensolms-Lich was a County of northern Baden-Württemberg and eastern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. ... Solms-Laubach was a County of southern Hesse and eastern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. ... Solms-Rödelheim-Assenheim was a County of southern Hesse and eastern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. ... Solms-Wildenfels was a minor County of southern Hesse, Germany. ... Stadion-Thannhausen was a County located in and around Thannhausen in western Bavaria, Germany. ... Stadion-Warthausen was a County located in around Warthausen in western Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Stolberg-Rossla was a German Countship. ... Stolberg-Stolberg was a County of southwestern Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, located in the southern Harz region around Stolberg. ... Stolberg-Wernigerode was a German County located in western Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, in the Harz region around Wernigerode. ... The Princely House of Thurn und Taxis is a German family that was a key player in the postal (mail) services in Europe in the 16th century and is well known as owners of breweries and builders of countless castles. ... Trauttmansdorff is a nobility originated from Austrian town Trautmannsdorf. ... Waldburg-Waldsee was a County located in southeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located around Bad Waldsee. ... Waldburg-Wurzach was a County located in southeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located around Wurzach (located about 15 kilometres west of Bad Waldsee). ... Waldburg-Zeil was a County located in southeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located around Zeil. ... Waldeck (or Waldeck-Pyrmont) was a sovereign principality in what is now Lower Saxony and Hesse (Germany). ... Wartenberg is the name of several communes Wartenberg, Hesse in the district Vogelsbergkreis, Hesse, Germany Berlin-Wartenberg, a borough of Berlin Wartenberg, Bavaria in the district Erding, Bavaria Wartenberg am Rollberg is the German name of Stráž pod Ralskem, Czech Republic Persons named Wartenberg: Robert Wartenberg, neurologist This is a... Wied-Neuwied was a German statelet of northeastern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located northeast of the Rhine River, north and inclusive of Neuwied. ... Wied-Runkel was a German statelet in northeastern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located to the south of Altenkirchen and southwest of the Wied River, around Dierdorf extending to the north. ... Wurmbrand-Stuppach is an old noble family of Austria, and the name of the County they ruled. ... Bentinck is the surname of a prominent family belonging to the Dutch and British nobility. ... Bretzenheim was a minor Principality in pre-Napoleonic Germany. ... Ligne is a French word meaning line. ... Limburg-Styrum was a mediæval County of Germany. ... Count Karl Robert Nesselrode (December 14, 1780 - March 23, 1862) was a Russian diplomat and a leading European conservative statesman of the Holy Alliance. ... Wartenberg is the name of several communes Wartenberg, Hesse in the district Vogelsbergkreis, Hesse, Germany Berlin-Wartenberg, a borough of Berlin Wartenberg, Bavaria in the district Erding, Bavaria Wartenberg am Rollberg is the German name of Stráž pod Ralskem, Czech Republic Persons named Wartenberg: Robert Wartenberg, neurologist This is a... Hesse-Homburg was formed into a separate landgraviate in 1622 by the landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt to be ruled by his son, although it did not become independent of Hesse-Darmstadt until 1668. ... The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt came into existence in 1568, as the portion of George, youngest of the four sons of Landgrave Philipp of Hesse. ... Hesse-Kassel (Hessen-Kassel) was a German principality that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1568 upon the death of Landgrave Philip of Hesse and his eldest son Wilhelm IV inherited the northern portion and established his capital in Kassel. ... Westphalia (German: Westfalen) is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, Münster, Bielefeld, and Osnabrück and included in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony. ...

Abolished Free and Imperial Cities

Aachen; Aalen; Augsburg; Biberach; Bopfingen; Buchau; Buchhorn (Friedrichshafen); Cologne (Köln); Dinkelsbühl; Dortmund; Esslingen am Neckar; Frankfurt; Friedberg; Gengenbach; Giengen; Goslar; Heilbronn; Isny im Allgäu; Kaufbeuren; Kempten; Leutkirch im Allgäu; Lindau; Memmingen; Mühlhausen; Nordhausen; Nördlingen; Nuremberg; Offenburg; Pfullendorf; Ravensburg; Regensburg; Reutlingen; Rothenburg; Rottweil; Schwäbisch Gmünd; Schwäbisch Hall; Schweinfurt; Speyer; Überlingen; Ulm; Wangen; Weil; Weißenburg; Wetzlar; Wimpfen; Windsheim; Worms; Zell Aachen Cathedral Printen Figurine at Aachen Cathedral Top Floor of Aachen Cathedral Tree-lined boulevard in Aachen Typical Aachen street with early 20th century Gründerzeit houses Aachen (French Aix-la-Chapelle, Dutch Aken, Latin Aquisgranum, Ripuarian Oche) is a spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the border... Map of Germany showing Aalen Aalen is a town in Germany, capital of the Ostalbkreis, in the Baden-Württemberg Bundesland. ... Augsburg is a city in south-central Germany. ... Biberach is the name of two German towns, one district, and one part of a town. ... Bopfingen is a small historic city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Bad Buchau is a little town in the district of Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany with about 4. ... Friedrichshafen is a town on the northern side of Lake Constance (Bodensee) in southern Germany, near the borders with Switzerland and Austria. ... Cologne (German: â–¶ (help· info) [kÅ“ln]; Kölsch: Kölle) is Germanys fourth largest city after Berlin, Hamburg and Munich. ... Dinkelsbühl is a historic city in Bavaria, Germany. ... Map of Germany showing Dortmund Dortmund is a city in Germany, located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. ... Esslingen is a city in the Stuttgart Region of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, capital of the District of Esslingen. ... â–¶ (help· info) is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany. ... Friedberg is the name of two cities in Germany and one in Austria: Friedberg, Bavaria Friedberg, Hesse Friedberg, Styria This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Gengenbach is a town in the Ortenaukreis, Baden-Württemberg, Germany on the western edge of the Black Forest with about 11000 inhabitants. ... Giengen (full name: Giengen an der Brenz) is a historic city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Map of Germany showing Goslar Goslar is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... Coat of Arms of Heilbronn Map of Germany showing Heilbronn Heilbronn is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, near Stuttgart. ... Isny im Allgäu is a city in south-eastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Kaufbeuren is an independent city in the Regierungsbezirk of Schwaben, southern Bavaria. ... Kempten can refer to: A town in Bavaria, Germany, Kempten im Allgäu. ... Leutkirch im Allgäu is a German town in Baden-Württemberg. ... Lindau is a German city and an island in the eastern part of the Lake Constance, the Obersee. ... Memmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region Swabia in Germany. ... Mühlhausen is a city in the federal state Thuringia, Germany. ... Roland statue in Nordhausen Twinning The city is twinned with Bet Shemesh in Israel Charleville-Mézières in France Bochum Ostrów Wielkopolski in Poland Nordhausen is a city of about 45,000 people at the southern border of the Harz mountains, in the state of Thuringia, Germany. ... Nördlingen is a town in Bavaria, Germany. ... Hl. ... Offenburg is a city located in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Pfullendorf is a small historic city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Ravensburg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Regensburg (English formerly Ratisbon, Latin Ratisbona, Czech Řezno) is a city (population 150,212 in 2004) in Bavaria, south-east Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. ... Position of Reutlingen in Germany Reutlingen is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Rothenburg is the name of several cities and municipalities Rothenburg ob der Tauber in Bavaria, Germany Rothenburg (Oberlausitz) in Saxony, Germany Rothenburg (Saale) in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany Rothenburg in the Canton of Lucerne, Switzerland see also: Rotenburg This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that... Map of Germany showing Rottweil Watershed of the Neckar River Watershed of the Rhine River Rottweil is the oldest town in southwestern Germany in the State of Baden-Württemberg. ... Schwäbisch Gmünd is a town in the eastern part of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. ... Houses in the centre of Schwäbisch Hall, next to the river Kocher Schwäbisch Hall (or Hall for short) is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg; it is the capital of the district Schwäbisch Hall. ... Schweinfurt is a city in the Unterfranken region of Bavaria in Germany on the right bank of the canalized Main, which is here spanned by several bridges, 27 km North-East of Würzburg. ... Speyer (English formerly Spires) is a city in Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) with approx. ... Ãœberlingen Ãœberlingen is a city in south-western Germany. ... Ulm is a city in the German Bundesland of Baden-Württemberg (about 100 km south-east of Stuttgart). ... Wangen im Allgäu is a historic city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... weil is because in German Several municipalities in Germany are called Weil Weil (Neckar) Weil (Baden) Weil (Landsberg) Weil am Rhein Weil der Stadt Weil im Schönbuch River: Weil River People named Weil André Weil, mathematician Andrew Weil, physician Cynthia Weil, songwriter Simone Weil, philosopher and sister of Andr... Weißenburg is also the German name for Wissembourg in France and Alba Iulia in Romania. ... Half-timbered houses in Wetzlar Wetzlar is a city in the federal state (Bundesland) of Hesse in Germany, capital of the Lahn-Dill district. ... Bad Wimpfen is a historic spa town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... coat of arms Bad Windsheim is a small historic city in Bavaria, Germany. ... Worm can refer to: The worm, a collection of animal phyla. ... Zell am Harmersbach is a small historic city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ...

Most of the mediatisations occurred in 1806 after the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine. The ones which weren't were: Arenberg (annexed to France in 1810, and was not reestablished in 1814); Isenburg (the Congress of Vienna decided to mediatise Isenburg in 1814 for being too close to Napoleon); Leyen (the Congress of Vienna decided to mediatise Leyen in 1814 for being too close to Napoleon); Salm (several states of Salm survived to 1811 and 1813); and Stollberg (annexed by Prussia in 1815). Also mediatised 1806 - 1814 were several states created by Napoleon for his relatives and close allies. These include: the Prince of Aschaffenburg 1806; the Grand Duke of Frankfurt 1814; the King of Westphalia 1813; and the Grand Duke of Würzburg 1814. The only Free cities in Germany not abolished 1803 were: Augsburg (abolished 1805); Bremen; Frankfurt (abolished 1806); Hamburg; Lübeck (abolished 1937); and Regensburg (abolished 1806). Arenberg (also spelled as Aremberg or Ahremberg) is a historic duchy located in modern Germany. ... Isenburg was a German region in southern Hesse, Germany, located in territories north and south of Frankfurt. ... The Principality of Leyen was a Napoleonic German state which existed 1806 - 1814 in Hohengeroldseck, in the west of modern Baden-Württemberg. ... Salm is the name of several historic principalities in present Germany, Belgium and France. ... Stollberg is a town in Saxony, capital of the district Stollberg. ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: PrÅ«sai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of Russia and... Aschaffenburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany. ... â–¶ (help· info) is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany. ... Westphalia (German: Westfalen) is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, Münster, Bielefeld, and Osnabrück and included in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony. ... The title of this article contains the character ü. Where it is unavailable or not desired, the name may be represented as Wurzburg or Wuerzburg. ... Augsburg is a city in south-central Germany. ... The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (official name; German: Freie Hansestadt Bremen) is one of Germanys 16 states (Bundesländer). ... â–¶ (help· info) is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany. ... Hamburgs central promenade Jungfernstieg on the Alster lake, between 1900 and 1914 Hamburg is Germanys second largest city (after Berlin) and, with the Hamburg Harbour, its principal port. ... Lübeck ( pronunc. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Regensburg (English formerly Ratisbon, Latin Ratisbona, Czech Řezno) is a city (population 150,212 in 2004) in Bavaria, south-east Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. ...

Related Links

• Confederation of the Rhine
• Congress of Vienna
• Holy Roman Empire
• Imperial Free City
• Mediatization
• Mediatized Houses
• Napoleon Bonaparte
• Treaty of Campo Formio