EUROPEAN CINEMA

Cinema of Germany Cinema of the UK Cinema of Spain Cinema of France Cinema of Italy Cinema of Poland Cinema of Sweden

When the film industry first flowered in the period from 1900 to 1915, it took hold in Europe as well as America. But World War I shattered the economies of the European continent and stunted the growth of the industry there, allowing Hollywood to gain a dominance in the film industry that has never been overtaken. Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... Michael Caine in Get Carter (1971) The United Kingdom has been influential in the technological, commercial and artistic development of cinema. ... Spanish cinema is not held in as high esteem worldwide as French or American cinema. ... France has been influential in the development of film as a mass medium and as an art form. ... The history of Italian cinema began a just few months after the Lumière brothers had discovered it, and it was precisely with a few seconds of film in which Pope Leo XIII was blessing the camera. ... Directors: Józef Arkusz Stanisław Bareja Wojciech Has Agnieszka Holland Jerzy Hoffman Jerzy Kawalerowicz Krzysztof Kieślowski -- The Three Colors Trilogy Jan Jakub Kolski Kazimierz Kutz Andrzej Munk Marek Piwowski Roman Polański Ladislas Starevich Wladyslaw Starewicz Andrzej Wajda Krzysztof Zanussi Andrzej Zulawski Actors and actresses: Eugeniusz Bodo Michał Bajor Zbigniew Cybulski Paweł... At a rate of, currently, 20 films a year the Swedish film industry is on par with many other North European countries. ... Film refers to the celluloid media on which movies are printed Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. ... 1900 is a common year starting on Monday. ... 1915 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations by or about: United States Wikinews has news related to this article: United States United States government Official website of the United States government - Gateway to governmental sites White House - Official site of the US President Senate. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Continental Europe refers to the continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European islands and peninsulae. ... ... The film industry involves motion pictures studios, manufacturers of technical equipment and software, distribution and personnel on a global scale. ...

The story of German cinema in particular began in the period following World War I, as Germany slowly recovered from the horrors of war. Movies were a popular escape into fantasy for many people, and the film industry boomed. The boom was helped by the low and sinking value of the Mark against other Western currencies. This enabled film makers to borrow and repay the money in the same amount of Marks which by then had been devalued. Nevertheless German filmmakers could not afford to create high-budget films. The need for low budgets, combined with a desire to move forward and embrace the future that swept most of Europe at the time, led to the rise of German Expressionism: movies that relied heavily on symbolism and artistic imagery rather than stark realism to tell their stories. The film usually credited with sparking the popularity of expressionism is The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1919), which is still studied by film scholars today. It painted a picture on the cinema screen with wild, non-realistic sets built with overexagerrated geometry, images painted on the floors and walls to represent objects (and often light and shadow), and a story involving the dark hallucinations of an insane man. The Expressionist movement died down during the mid-1920s, but it continued to influence cinema for years after. Please see the main article on German Expressionism for a more in-depth explanation of the movement and style. War is a state of widespread conflict between states, organisations, or relatively large groups of people, which is characterised by the use of violent, physical force between combatants or upon civilians. ... Look up Fantasy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary For other definitions of fantasy, see fantasy (psychology). ... In a linear conception of time, the future is the portion of the timeline that is still to occur, i. ... F.W. Murnaus Nosferatu German Expressionism, also referred to as expressionism in filmmaking, developed in Germany (especially Berlin) during the 1920s. ... Imagery--words that create a picture. ... Realism is commonly defined as a concern for fact or reality and rejection of the impractical and visionary. ... On White II by Wassily Kandinsky, 1923. ... The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (Das Kabinett des Dr. caligari in German) is a groundbreaking 1919 silent film directed by Robert Wiene. ... 1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Geometry (from the Greek words Geo = earth and metro = measure) is the branch of mathematics first popularized in ancient Greek culture by Thales (circa 624-547 BC) dealing with spatial relationships. ... Prism splitting light Light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength that is visible to the eye, or in a more general sense, any electromagnetic radiation in the range from infrared to ultraviolet. ... This article is about the optical phenomenon; for other meanings, see Shadow (disambiguation). ... A hallucination is a false sensory perception in the absence of an external stimulus, as distinct from an illusion, which is a misperception of an external stimulus. ... INSANE is a proprietary INteractive Streaming ANimation Engine developped by LucasArts. ... Expressionism in filmmaking developed in Germany (especially Berlin) during the 1920s. ... Sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or primarily in North America as the Roaring Twenties. // Events and trends Technology John T. Thompson invents Thompson submachine gun, also known as Tommy gun John Logie Baird invents the first working television system (1925) Charles Lindbergh becomes the first person to fly... F.W. Murnaus Nosferatu German Expressionism, also referred to as expressionism in filmmaking, developed in Germany (especially Berlin) during the 1920s. ...

The film conglomerate Universum Film AG|Universum Film A.G. (better known as Ufa) was founded on behalf of the German government before the end of World War I to produce pro-war films, though after the war ended it grew to prominence with the success of German cinema in the 1920s. It produced a number of lavish, surreal spectacles, the most famous of which is Fritz Lang's Metropolis. Other noted Ufa films include Madame Dubary (1919), Lang's epic production of Die Nibelungen, and F.W. Murnau's The Last Laugh (1925). Ufa overextended its budgets in the mid-1920s and had to declare bankruptcy; they signed an agreement with Paramount Pictures that relegated the studio to a lesser role. Ufa (Уфа́) (oo-FAH) (Tatar Ufa, Öfä; Bashkir Өфө) is the capital of Bashkortostan (or Bashkiria), a republic in central Russia. ... Sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or primarily in North America as the Roaring Twenties. // Events and trends Technology John T. Thompson invents Thompson submachine gun, also known as Tommy gun John Logie Baird invents the first working television system (1925) Charles Lindbergh becomes the first person to fly... Surrealism is an artistic movement and an aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the unconscious. ... Friedrich Anton Christian Lang (December 5, 1890 - August 2, 1976) was an Austrian film director, screenwriter and occasional film producer, one of the most famous emigrés from Germanys school of expressionism to work in Hollywood. ... Metropolis Metropolis is a science fiction film produced in Germany set in a futuristic urban dystopia. ... 1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... F W Murnau Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau (December 28, 1888 – March 11, 1931) was one of the most influential directors of the silent film era. ... 1925 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their creditors. ... The Paramount Pictures logo used from 1987 to 1995. ...

The rise of the Nazi party in the 1930s sparked an abrupt change in German cinema. Several prominent German directors emigrated (or fled) to America, bringing their substantial talents to bear in Hollywood and having a major influence in American film as a result. The Universal Studios horror films of the 1930s were directed by German emigree filmmakers, including Karl Freund, while Hungarian-born director Michael Curtiz came from Germany to become a top Warner Bros. director. Fritz Lang's exodus to America is legendary; it is said that Metropolis so greatly impressed Joseph Goebbels that he asked Lang to become the head of his propaganda film unit. Lang chose to flee to America instead, where he had a long and prosperous career. Directors Edgar Ulmer and Douglas Sirk also emigrated from Nazi Germany to Hollywood success. The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ... // Events and trends The 1930s were spent struggling for a solution to the global depression. ... Emigration is the action and the phenomenon of leaving ones native country to settle abroad. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations by or about: United States Wikinews has news related to this article: United States United States government Official website of the United States government - Gateway to governmental sites White House - Official site of the US President Senate. ... ... Universal Studios logo This article is about the Universal Studios movie studio and Universal Hollywood theme park. ... DVD cover showing horror characters as depicted by Universal Studios. ... The film director, on the right, gives last minute direction to the cast and crew, whilst filming a costume drama on location in London. ... The film director, on the right, gives last minute direction to the cast and crew, whilst filming a costume drama on location in London. ... Michael Curtiz (December 24, 1886 - April 10, 1962) was a film director, whose films include The Adventures of Robin Hood, Casablanca, and White Christmas. ... Warner Bros. ... Dr. Paul Joseph Goebbels (October 29, 1897 – May 1, 1945) was Adolf Hitlers Propaganda Minister (see Propagandaministerium) in Nazi Germany. ... North Korean propaganda showing a soldier destroying the United States Capitol building. ... Look up Career in Wiktionary, the free dictionary A career is a course of successive situations that make up some activity. ... Douglas Sirk - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ...

The flight of many talented German filmmakers, combined with a new era of censorship and control over the German film industry, has made German cinema of the Nazi era infamous for its contributions to the field of propaganda. Leni Riefenstahl, perhaps the most famous and talented of all propaganda filmmakers, enjoyed a prosperous career during this period. She produced a number of motion pictures, though her two most famous are her documentaries Olympia (1936) and especially Triumph of the Will (1935). Censorship is the systematic use of group power to broadly control freedom of speech and expression, largely in regard to secretive matters. ... Riefenstahl circa 1930 Berta Helene Amalie Leni Riefenstahl (August 22, 1902 - September 8, 2003) was an actress, a director, and subsequently a Nazi-era German filmmaker renowned for her aesthetics and advances in film technique. ... Olympia is a 1938 film` by Leni Riefenstahl documenting the 1936 Summer Olympics. ... 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Triumph of the Will (Triumph des Willens in German) is a documentary of a propaganda event by the German filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl, documenting the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg. ... 1935 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The German film industry collapsed, along with that of most of Continental Europe, with the defeat of Germany in 1945. Germany was especially hard hit, and its film industry suffered a severe decline that lasted for over twenty-five years, as Europe was flooded with American films and European filmmaking talents were swiftly discovered and enticed into coming to America. European films slowly recovered and evolved in different ways (Italian Neorealism was a product of the post-World War II era), though Germany's film industry foundered. The advent of television further sapped at Germany's film talent, and the period of the 1960s saw it at its lowest level, producing little more than low-budget pornographic films that were barely worth mentioning. The Battle of Berlin was one of the final battles[1] of the European Theatre of World War II. A massive Soviet army attacked Berlin from the east. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Italian neorealism is a film movement lasting from about 1943 to 1952. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (over 11 miles) into the air. ... This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1960s. ... Pornographic movies appeared shortly after the creation of the movie technology that made them possible. ...

But German film did stage a recovery during the late 1960s into the 1970s, with the emergence of a new generation of directors. Working with low budgets, and influenced by the maverick Hollywood directors of the Vietnam War era, such directors as Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Werner Herzog, Volker Schlöndorff and Wim Wenders made names for themselves and produced a number of "small" motion pictures that caught the attention of the art house crowd, and enabled these directors (particularly Wenders and Schlöndorff) into better-financed productions which were backed by the big US studios. Their success sparked a renaissance in German films which may not have returned the country to the glory days of the UFA, but did bring the film industry back to Germany and encouraged other German filmmakers to make quality movies. This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ... The Vietnam War was fought from 1957 to 1975 between Soviet and Chinese-supported Vietnamese nationalist and Communist forces and an array of Western and pro-Western forces, most notably the United States. ... Fassbinder 1977 Rainer Werner Fassbinder (May 31, 1945 - June 10, 1982), German movie director and actor, was one of the most important representatives of the New German Cinema. ... Werner Herzog was born Werner Stipetic on September 5, 1942 in Munich. ... Volker Schlondorff Volker Schlöndorff (born in Wiesbaden, Germany on March 31, 1939) is a Berlin-based German filmmaker. ... Wilhelm Ernst (Wim) Wenders (born August 14, 1945) is a German-born film director, author and producer. ... A typical megaplex (AMC Ontario Mills 30 in Ontario, California). ... A movie studio is a location, room, building, or group of buildings and/or sound stages, offices and storage facilities, which may include a backlot, where movies are made. ...

Recent film releases such as Run Lola Run, Goodbye Lenin and Downfall have arguably managed to recapture the provocative and innovative nature of 1970s New German cinema. Run Lola Run (original German title Lola rennt, lit. ... DVD cover for Goodbye Lenin Good bye, Lenin! is a German tragic comedy film, released internationally in 2003. ... Der Untergang poster. ...

Literature

• Kracauer, Siegfried.2004 RE. From Caligari to Hitler. Princeton: University of Princeton Press. ISBN 0-691-11519-2

Important directors in German Film History:

• Expressionists:
  • Fritz Lang
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
  • Paul Wegener
  • Robert Wiene

• Nazi era (1933-1945):
  • Arnold Fanck
  • Veit Harlan
  • Georg Wilhelm Pabst
  • Leni Riefenstahl

• Heimat era (1945-c.1964):

• New Wave (mainly 1960s to 1980s):
  • Rainer Werner Fassbinder
  • Werner Herzog
  • Wim Wenders
  • Volker Schlöndorff
  • Hans-Jürgen Syberberg

• Postmodernists (1980s-present):
  • Roland Emmerich
  • Caroline Link
  • Wolfgang Petersen
  • Tom Tykwer

See also : German Expressionism, History of cinema