NationMaster - Encyclopedia: German Reichsmark

The Reichsmark (English: Realm Mark; symbol: RM) was the currency in Germany from 1924 until June 20, 1948. The Reichsmark was subdivided into 100 Reichspfennig. Download high resolution version (685x708, 93 KB)Photo by Quadell File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata 1Reichsmark. ... The pfennig was a small German coin valued at 1/100 of a Deutsche Mark and other German currencies with the name Mark. ... The pfennig was a small German coin valued at 1/100 of a Deutsche Mark and other German currencies with the name Mark. ... Look up plural in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The pfennig was a small German coin valued at 1/100 of a Deutsche Mark and other German currencies with the name Mark. ... A 100 Mark banknote issued by the German Reichsbank in 1908 (http://www. ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

History

The Reichsmark was introduced in 1924 as a permanent replacement for the Papiermark. This was necessary due to the hyperinflation which had reached its peak in 1923. The exchange rate between the old Papiermark and the Reichsmark was 1 RM = 10¹² Papiermark (one "trillion" in modern English, one "billion" in German and other European languages, see long and short scales). To stabilize the economy and to smooth the transition, the Papiermark was not directly replaced by the Reichsmark, but by the Rentenmark, an interim currency backed by the Deutsche Rentenbank, owning industrial and agricultural real estate assets. The Reichsmark was put on the gold standard at the rate previously used by the Goldmark, with the U.S. dollar worth 4.2 RM. The name Papiermark (German: Paper mark) can be applied to the German currency from the point in 1914 when the link between the mark and gold was abandoned, due to the outbreak of the First World War. ... Certain figures in this article use scientific notation for readability. ... The long and short scales are two different numerical systems used throughout the world: Short scale is the English translation of the French term Ã©chelle courte. ... A 1926 5 Rentenmark banknote The Rentenmark (literally, Security Mark) (RM) was a currency issued on 15 November 1923 to stop the hyperinflation of 1922 and 1923 in Germany. ... For other uses, see Gold standard (disambiguation). ... German 20 Mark banknote from 1914 (www. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ...

During the Second World War, Germany established fixed exchange rates between the Reichsmark and the currencies of the occupied countries, often set so as to give the Germans economic benefits. The rates were as follows: Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

After the /World-War-II" onmouseover="pv(event, 48)" onmouseout="unpv(48)" style="">Second World War, the Reichsmark continued to circulate in Germany, with new banknotes printed in the U.S. and U.S.S.R. as well as coins. The Reichsmark was replaced by the Deutsche Mark in West Germany and by the East German Mark ("Mark der DDR" or "Ostmark") in East Germany. ISO 4217 Code BEF User(s) Belgium, Luxembourg ERM Since 13 March 1979 Fixed rate since 31 December 1998 Replaced by â‚¬, non cash 1 January 1999 Replaced by â‚¬, cash 1 January 2002 â‚¬ = 40. ... The koruna (known as the Protectorate koruna) was the separate currency of Bohemia and Moravia between 1939 and 1945. ... ISO 4217 Code DKK User(s) Denmark, Greenland, Faroe Islands 1 Inflation 1. ... ISO 4217 Code FRF User(s) Monaco, Andorra, France except New Caledonia, French Polynesia, and Wallis and Futuna ERM Since 13 March 1979 Fixed rate since 31 December 1998 Replaced by â‚¬, non cash 1 January 1999 Replaced by â‚¬, cash 1 January 2002 â‚¬ = 6. ... ISO 4217 Code ITL User(s) Italy, San Marino, Vatican City, but not Campione dItalia Inflation 2. ... The franc is the name of several currency units. ... ISO 4217 Code NLG User(s) The Netherlands Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 Code NOK User(s) Norway Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 Code PLN User(s) Poland Inflation 2. ... For details of notes and coins, see British coinage and British banknotes. ... As part of the Atlantic Wall, between 1940 and 1945 the occupying German forces and the Organisation Todt constructed fortifications round the coasts of the Channel Islands such as this observation tower at Les Landes, Jersey The Occupation of the Channel Islands refers to the Military occupation of the Channel... ISO 4217 Code RSD User(s) Serbia (including parts of Kosovo) Inflation 6. ... ISO 4217 Code SKK User(s) Slovakia Inflation 2. ... The Karbovanets (Ukrainian: plural karbovantsi) has been a distinct unit of currency in the Ukraine during three separate periods. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... Soviet redirects here. ... ISO 4217 Code DEM User(s) Germany, Montenegro, Kosovo ERM Since 13 March 1979 Fixed rate since 31 December 1998 Replaced by â‚¬, non cash 1 January 1999 Replaced by â‚¬, cash 1 January 2002 â‚¬ = 1. ... ISO 4217 Code DDM User(s) German Democratic Republic Pegged with Deutsche Mark = M11 Subunit 1/100 pfennig Symbol M Plural Mark pfennig Pfennig Coins Freq. ... This article is about the state which existed from 1949 to 1990. ...

Coins

In 1924, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 50 Reichspfennig, and 1 and 3 Mark (not Reichsmark). The 1 and 2 Reichspfennig were struck in bronze, with the 5, 10 and 50 Reichspfennig in aluminium-bronze and the two highest denominations in .500 fineness silver. In 1925, .500 fineness silver 1 and 2 Reichsmark coins were introduced for circulation, along with the first commemorative 3 and 5 Reichsmark coins. In 1927, nickel 50 Reichspfennig coins were introduced along with regular-type 5 Reichsmark coins, followed by 3 Reichsmark in 1931. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 615 Ã— 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (750 Ã— 731 pixel, file size: 140 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Other versions 05:51, 2 March 2006 Enlil Ninlil 750x731 (142,902 bytes) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 615 Ã— 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (750 Ã— 731 pixel, file size: 140 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Other versions 05:51, 2 March 2006 Enlil Ninlil 750x731 (142,902 bytes) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 584 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (768 Ã— 789 pixel, file size: 167 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) German Reichsmark photo Â© 2004 by Tomasz Sienicki // user: tsca // mail: tomasz. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 584 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (768 Ã— 789 pixel, file size: 167 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) German Reichsmark photo Â© 2004 by Tomasz Sienicki // user: tsca // mail: tomasz. ...

4 Reichspfennig coins were issued in 1932 as part of a failed attempt by the Reichskanzler Heinrich Brüning to reduce prices through use of 4 Reichspfennig pieces instead of 5 Reichspfennig coins. Known as the Brüningtaler or Armer Heinrich ("poor Heinrich"), they were demonetized the following year. See Brüningtaler (German). The head of government in Germany has traditionally been called Kanzler (Chancellor). ... Heinrich BrÃ¼ning on a Centre Party election poster (German Resistance Museum, Berlin) Dr. Heinrich BrÃ¼ning ( ) (November 26, 1885 â€“ March 30, 1970) was a German politician during the Weimer Republic. ...

Production of silver 1 Reichsmark coins ended in 1927. In 1933, nickel 1 Reichsmark coins were introduced, and new silver 2 and 5 Reichsmark coins were introduced which were smaller but struck in .625 and .900 fineness so as to maintain the amount of silver. Production of the 3 Reichsmark coin ceased altogether. In 1935, aluminium 50 Reichspfennig coins were introduced, although nickel was again used in 1938 and 1939. From 1936, all coins except the 1 Reichsmark and the first version 5 Reichsmark Paul von Hindeburg (1935-36) bore the Nazi insignia. National Socialism redirects here. ...

During the Second World War, bronze and aluminium-bronze coins were replaced by zinc and aluminium, with the 2 Reichspfennig and denominations over 50 Reichspfennig no longer issued. The last production of coins bearing the swastika was in 1944 for the 5 and 50 Reichspfennig and 1945 for the 1 and 10 Reichspfennig. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... This article is about the symbol. ...

After the war, the Allies issued coins in relatively small numbers between 1945 and 1948. 1 Reichspfennig were struck in 1945 and 1946), 5 Reichspfennig in 1947 and 1948, and 10 Reichspfennig between 1945 and 1948. The coins were issued with designs very similar to those of the Third Reich. Only the swastika was removed from beneath the eagle on the obverse. Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... This article is about the symbol. ...

Banknotes

The first Reichsmark banknotes was introduced by the Reichsbank and state banks such as those of Bavaria, Saxony and Baden. The first Reichsbank issue of 1924 came in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100 and 1000 Reichsmark. This was followed by a second issue in the same denominations, dated between 1929 and 1936. A 20 Reichsmark note was introduced in 1939, using a design taken from an unissued Austrian 100 schilling banknote type. 5 Reichsmark notes were issued in 1942. Throughout this period, the Rentenbank also issued banknotes denominated in Rentenmark, mostly in low denominations. 100 Reichsmark Germany 1935 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... 100 Reichsmark Germany 1935 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A Â£20 Bank of England banknote. ... A 100 Mark banknote issued by the German Reichsbank in 1908 (http://www. ... For other uses, see Bavaria (disambiguation). ... Location Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country NUTS Region DED Capital Dresden Minister-President Georg Milbradt (CDU) Governing parties CDU / SPD Votes in Bundesrat 4 (from 69) Basic statistics Area 18,416 kmÂ² (7,110 sq mi) Population 4,252,000 (11/2006)[1] - Density 231 /km... Baden is a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. ...

Following their occupation of Germany, the Allies issued banknotes dated 1944. These were printed in similar colours with different sizes for groups of denominations. Notes were issued for ½, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 1000 Mark (not Reichsmark). The issuer was the Alliierte Militärbehörde with In Umlauf gesetzt in Deutschland printed on the obverse.

In 1947 Rhineland-Palatinate issued 5 and 10 Pfennig notes with Geldshein on them. The Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz, sometimes Lower Palatinate or Niederpfalz) occupies rather more than a quarter of the German Bundesland (federal state) of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz) and contains the towns of Ludwigshafen, Kaiserslautern, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Pirmasens, Landau and Speyer. ...

Occupation Reichsmark

Coins and banknotes for circulation in the occupied territories during WWII by the Reichskreditkassen. Holed, zinc coins for 5 and 10 Reichspfennig coins were struck in 1940 and 1941. Paper money was issued between 1939 and 1945 in denominations of 50 Reichspfennig, 1, 2, 5, 20 and 50 Reichsmark. These served as legal tender along side the currency of the occupied countries. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 496 Ã— 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (981 Ã— 1185 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 496 Ã— 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (981 Ã— 1185 pixel, file size: 1. ...

Military Reichsmark

The military Reichsmark was used by the German Armed Forces from 1942-1944. The first issue was denominated in 1, 5, 10 and 50 Reichspfennig, but was valued at 1 military Reichspfennig = 10 German Reichspfennig. This series was unifaced. The second issue of 1, 5, 10 and 50 Reichsmark were equal in value to the German Reichsmark and was printed on both sides. The straight-armed Balkenkreuz, a stylized version of the Iron Cross, the emblem of the Wehrmacht. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Concentration Camps' Reichsmark

Various issues were used in concentration and Prisoner of war camps. None were legal tender in Germany itself. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 605 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1000 Ã— 991 pixel, file size: 126 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The 10 Pfennig coupon for Prisoners of War during WW II File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 605 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1000 Ã— 991 pixel, file size: 126 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The 10 Pfennig coupon for Prisoners of War during WW II File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this... It has been suggested that Internment be merged into this article or section. ... Prisoner of War camps Contents // Categories: Substubs | Prisons and detention centres ...

Contents

History

Coins

Banknotes

Occupation Reichsmark

Military Reichsmark

Concentration Camps' Reichsmark

See also

References

External links