 | | Career |
 | | Ordered: | 25 January 1934 | | Laid down: | 15 June 1935 | | Launched: | 3 October 1936 | | Commissioned: | 7 January 1939 | | Fate: | Sunk in the Battle of North Cape on 26 December 1943 | | General characteristics | | Displacement: | 31,552 tonnes (standard) 38,900 tonnes (full load) | | Length: | 235.4 m (772.3 ft) overall
229.8 m (753.9 ft) waterline | | Beam: | 30 m (98.4 ft) | | Draft: | 9.93 m (32.5 ft) at 37,500 long tons (38,100 tonnes) | | Armament: | 9 × 283 mm (11.1 inch)
12 × 150 mm (5.9 inch)
14 × 105 mm (4.1 inch)
16 × 37 mm
10 × 20 mm (later 38)
6 × 533 mm (21 inch) torpedo tubes | | Aircraft: | 3 Arado Ar196A-3, 1 catapult | | Propulsion: | 3 Brown-Boveri geared turbines;
3 three-bladed propellers, 4.8 m (15.75 ft) diameter;
161,164 shp (120.18 MW) = 33 knots (61 km/h) | | Range: | 10,100 nmi (18,710 km) at 19 knots (18,700 km at 35 km/h) | | Complement: | 1,968 (60 officers, 1909 enlisted) | Scharnhorst was a famous World War II 31,500 tonne Gneisenau class battlecruiser[1] of the German Kriegsmarine, named after the Prussian general and army reformer Gerhard von Scharnhorst and to commemorate the World War I armoured cruiser SMS Scharnhorst that was sunk in the Battle at the Falkland Islands in December 1914. The Scharnhorst usually sailed into battle accompanied by her sistership, the equally famous Gneisenau. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 445 pixelsFull resolution (1004 × 558 pixel, file size: 239 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Croiseur Scharnhorst, livret A503 FM30-50 pour lidentification des navires, édité par la Division du Renseignement Naval du Départment de la Marine des...
Image File history File links War_Ensign_of_Germany_1938-1945. ...
is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ...
is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Combatants Nazi Germany United Kingdom Commanders Erich Bey†Bruce Fraser Strength 1 battlecruiser 5 destroyers 1 battleship 1 heavy cruiser 3 light cruisers 9 destroyers Casualties 1 battlecruiser sunk 1 battleship lightly damaged 1 heavy cruiser lightly damaged 1 light cruiser lightly damaged 1 destroyer lightly damaged In the World...
is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
The Gneisenau class were two large heavy-gun warships of the World War II German navy, the Kriegsmarine. ...
[[Image:HMS Hood and HMS Barham. ...
The Kriegsmarine (or War Navy) was the name of the German Navy between 1935 and 1945, during the Nazi regime, superseding the Reichsmarine. ...
Anthem Preußenlied, Heil dir im Siegerkranz (both unofficial) The Kingdom of Prussia at its greatest extent, at the time of the formation of the German Empire, 1871 Capital Berlin Government Monarchy King - 1701 — 1713 Frederick I (first) - 1888 — 1918 William II (last) Prime minister - 1848 Adolf Heinrich von Arnim...
Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst (November 12, 1755 - June 28, 1813) was a general in Prussian service, Chief of the Prussian General Staff, noted for both his writings and his leadership during the Napoleonic Wars. ...
“The Great War †redirects here. ...
The armored cruiser was a naval cruiser protected by armor on its sides as well as on the decks and gun positions. ...
SMS Scharnhorst was an 11,616 ton armored cruiser of the Imperial German Navy, built at the Blohm & Voss Shipyard in Hamburg, Germany. ...
Combatants British Empire German Empire Commanders Doveton Sturdee Maximilian von Spee Strength 2 battlecruisers, 3 armoured cruisers, 2 light cruisers and 1 grounded pre-dreadnought 2 armoured cruisers, 3 light cruisers, 3 transports Casualties 10 killed, 19 wounded No ships lost 1,871 killed, 215 captured 2 armoured cruisers, 2...
Gneisenau was a famous World War II 31,100 ton Gneisenau class battlecruiser[1] of the German Kriegsmarine. ...
The sisters - Scharnhorst and Gneisenau The ship was built at Wilhelmshaven, Germany, launched on 3 October 1936, and commissioned on 7 January 1939. The first commander was Otto Ciliax (until 23 September 1939). After initial service, she was modified in mid-1939, with a new mainmast located further aft and her straight bow replaced by an "Atlantic bow" to improve her seaworthiness. However, her relatively low freeboard ensured that she was always "wet" when at heavy seas. The gunnery report after the engagement with HMS Renown reports serious flooding in the "A" turret that severely reduced its effectiveness. Her armour was equal to that of a battleship and if it hadn't been for her relatively small-calibre guns she would have been classified as a battleship by the British. The German navy always classified Scharnhorst and Gneisenau as Schlachtschiffe (battleships). These two ships, considered handsome and fast (with a top speed of 31.5 knots), were invariably mentioned at the same time, often fondly being referred to as "the ugly sisters"[citation needed] because they prowled together and wrought havoc on British shipping. Wilhelmshaven is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. ...
is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Otto Ciliax (30 October 1891 - 12 December 1964) was an admiral in the German Navy. ...
is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The mast of a sailing ship is a tall vertical pole which supports the sails. ...
HMS Renown was the lead ship of the three 26,500-ton Renown class battlecruisers of the Royal Navy; the other two were HMS Repulse and the cancelled HMS Resistance. ...
For other uses, see Battleship (disambiguation). ...
Scharnhorst's nine 28 cm (11 inch; in fact 283 mm - 11.1 inch), main guns, though possessing long range and quite good armor-penetration power because of their high muzzle velocity, were no match for the larger caliber guns of most of the battleships of her day, particularly with the flooding and technical problems that were experienced. The choice of armament was a result of their hasty commissioning.
 If a later proposal to upgrade the main armament to six 15-inch (380 mm) guns in three twin turrets had been implemented, Scharnhorst would have been a very formidable opponent, faster than any British capital ship and nearly as well armored. But due to priorities and constraints imposed by World War II and later the war situation, she retained her 11 inch (279 mm) guns throughout her career. Both Scharnhorst and her sister were designed for an extended range to allow for commerce raiding. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 498 pixelsFull resolution (1029 × 640 pixel, file size: 141 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Croiseur Scharnhorst, livret A503 FM30-50 pour lidentification des navires, édité par la Division du Renseignement Naval du Départment de la Marine des États...
Commerce raiding or guerre de course is a naval strategy of attacking an opponents commercial shipping rather than contending for control of the seas with its naval forces. ...
The war begins Scharnhorst's first wartime operation was a sweep into the Iceland-Faroes passage in late November 1939 with Gneisenau in which she sank the British Armed Merchant Cruiser HMS Rawalpindi. In the spring of 1940, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau covered the invasion of Norway. They engaged the British battlecruiser Renown on 9 April 1940, with no conclusive results. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 408 pixelsFull resolution (1003 × 511 pixel, file size: 128 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 408 pixelsFull resolution (1003 × 511 pixel, file size: 128 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
Anthem Tú alfagra land mÃtt You, my most beauteous land Capital (and largest city) Tórshavn Official languages Faroese, Danish Government - Monarch Margrethe II - Prime Minister Jóannes Eidesgaard Autonomous province - Home rule 1948 Area - Total 1,399 km² (180th) 540 sq mi - Water (%) 0. ...
August von Gneisenau was a Prussian general. ...
Auxiliary cruisers were merchant ships taken over for conversion into a vessel armed with cruiser-size guns, and employed either for convoy protection against true cruisers, or for commerce-raiding missions, where its appearance was used to trick merchant ships into approaching. ...
HMS Rawalpindi was a ship that was sunk during the Second World War. ...
is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
They sank the British aircraft carrier HMS Glorious and her escorting destroyers Acasta and Ardent on 8 June at around 64 degrees N off Norway. In this action, Scharnhorst was hit by one of four torpedoes launched by Acasta. Fifty sailors were killed. She was further damaged by a bomb a few days later and was under repair for most of the rest of 1940. In late December 1940, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau attempted to pass through the British blockade into the north Atlantic shipping lanes, but turned back when Gneisenau was damaged by heavy seas. HMS Glorious was a warship of the Royal Navy. ...
USS McFaul underway in the Atlantic Ocean. ...
The third Acasta (H09), launched in 1929, was an A-class destroyer. ...
The Royal Navy destroyer HMS Ardent was launched on 26th June, 1929. ...
is the 159th day of the year (160th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Sisters creating havoc -
From 22 January until 22 March 1941, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau operated in the Atlantic under the command of Admiral Günther Lütjens. On 3 February they broke through the Denmark Strait and the next day reached southern Greenland. Convoy HX-106 was attacked on 8 February, but the attack was broken off when the Royal Navy battleship HMS Ramillies was sighted. Twelve days later, on 22 February, four Allied merchant ships were sighted and sunk east of Newfoundland. By operating in a region of the Atlantic where British air cover was weak to non-existent, the German ships managed to elude the Royal Navy and between the 7th and 9th of March they attacked convoy SL-67, only breaking off the attack when the battleship HMS Malaya was sighted. An unescorted convoy of tankers was attacked south-east of Newfoundland on 15 March, and the next day another mixed convoy was detected and attacked with the sinking of 13 ships, 4 by the Scharnhorst. This was the last engagement before the battlecruisers entered the French port of Brest on 22 March. The Scharnhorst sank 8 ships with total tonage of 49,300 out of the squadron's total of 22 ships with a combined tonage of 115,600[2]. Operation Berlin was the commerce raid performed by German warships KM Scharnhorst and KM Gneisenau between January and March, 1941. ...
is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 81st day of the year (82nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ...
The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ...
is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Denmark Strait is a strait between Greenland and Iceland. ...
Convoy HX-106 consisted of some 41 ships, eastbound from Halifax, Nova Scotia to Liverpool, England. ...
is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ...
HMS Ramillies (pennant number 07) was a Revenge-class battleship of the Royal Navy, named after the Battle of Ramillies. ...
is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article is about the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ...
HMS Malaya was a Queen Elizabeth class battleship of the Royal Navy built by Armstrong Whitworth and launched in March 1915. ...
is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Brest is a city in Brittany, or the Bretagne région, north-west France, sous-préfecture of the Finistère département. ...
is the 81st day of the year (82nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
The 'Channel Dash' -
Whilst in Brest, the German ships were the targets of repeated, but poorly organised and somewhat rushed air attacks. In July 1941 the Scharnhorst sailed to the port of La Rochelle to the south of Brest. Having been alerted to the sailing via aerial reconnaissance and the French Resistance, the Allies were concerned that the Scharnhorst was about to commence raiding. They therefore mounted a raid of 15 Handley Page Halifax bombers from RAF Stanton Harcourt. The resulting bomb damage was serious enough to cause a large amount of water to be taken on-board. This forced the Scharnhorst to return once more to Brest for repairs. The resulting damage from this and other raids, together with the troubles with the defective boiler superheater tubes, kept Scharnhorst non-operational into late 1941, when it was decided to send the two battlecruisers and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen back to Germany. Since it was too risky to attempt this via the North Atlantic, on 11 February–13 February 1942, the three big ships, escorted by dozens of minesweepers and other small craft, made a daring dash — the "Channel Dash" — through the English Channel, called Operation Cerberus, to reach Germany. Caught off guard and under heavy German radar jamming, the British were unable to stop the ships with air and surface attacks, though both Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were damaged by mines, Scharnhorst hitting two mines, off Flushing and Ameland, Gneisenau one mine off Terschelling. Operation Cerberus (German: Zerberus after Cerberus the three-headed dog of Greek mythology who guards the gate to Hades) was the name given to the break-out during World War II of the Kriegsmarines ships Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, Prinz Eugen and a number of smaller ships from Brest to their...
La Rochelle is a city and commune of western France, and a seaport on the Atlantic Ocean (population 78,000 in 2004). ...
Reconnaissance is the military term for the active gathering information about an enemy, or other conditions, by physical observation. ...
The Croix de Lorraine, the symbol of the resistance chosen by de Gaulle French Resistance is the name used for resistance movements during World War II which fought the Nazi German occupation of France and the collaborationist Vichy regime. ...
The Handley Page Halifax was one of the British front-line, four-engine heavy bombers of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. ...
Stanton Harcourt is a village in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (919 in parish, United Kingdom Census 2001). ...
The German heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen fought as part of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was named after Prince Eugene of Savoy (Prinz Eugen in German). ...
is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Satellite view of the English Channel The English Channel (French: , the sleeve) is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the island of Great Britain from northern France and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. ...
Operation Cerberus (German: Zerberus after Cerberus the three-headed dog of Greek mythology who guards the gate to Hades) was the name given to the break-out during World War II of the Kriegsmarines ships Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, Prinz Eugen and a number of smaller ships from Brest to their...
Vlissingen (help· info) (occasionally British English: Flushing) is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands on the former island of Walcheren. ...
Ameland (Frisian: It Amelân) is a municipality and one of the West Frisian Islands off the north coast of the Netherlands. ...
Terschelling (Frisian: Skylge) is a municipality and an island in the northern Netherlands, one of the West Frisian Islands. ...
Repair work and grounding kept Scharnhorst out of action until March 1943, when she went to northern Norway to join the battleship Tirpitz and other German ships threatening the Arctic convoys' route to the Soviet Union. Training exercises over the next several months climaxed in a bombardment of Spitsbergen on 8 September 1943, together with the Tirpitz. Tirpitz was the second Bismarck class battleship of the German Kriegsmarine, sistership of Bismarck. ...
The Arctic convoys of World War II travelled from the United States and the United Kingdom to the northern ports of the Soviet Union - Archangel and Murmansk. ...
Spitsbergen (formerly known as West Spitsbergen) is a Norwegian island, the largest island in the Svalbard archipelago, situated in the Arctic Ocean. ...
is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The sinking of Scharnhorst -
On Christmas day 1943, Scharnhorst and several destroyers, under the command of Konteradmiral (Rear Admiral) Erich Bey, put to sea with the purpose of attacking the Russia-bound Arctic convoys JW 55B and RA 55A north of Norway. Unfortunately for the Germans, their orders had been decoded by the British codebreakers and the Admiralty were able to direct their forces to intercept. The next day, in heavy weather and unable to locate the convoy, Bey detached the destroyers and sent them south, leaving Scharnhorst alone. Less than two hours later, the ship encountered the convoy's escort force of the cruisers HMS Belfast, Norfolk, and Sheffield. Belfast had picked up Scharnhorst at 08:40 and 35,000 yards (32,000 m) using her Type 273 radar and by 09:41, Sheffield had made visual contact. Under cover of snow, the British cruisers opened fire. Belfast attempted to illuminate Scharnhorst with starshell, but was unsuccessful. Norfolk, however, opened fire using her radar to spot the fall of shot and scored two hits. One of these demolished Scharnhorst's main radar aerial, disabling the set and leaving her unable to return accurate fire in low visibility. Norfolk suffered minor damage. Combatants Nazi Germany United Kingdom Commanders Erich Bey†Bruce Fraser Strength 1 battlecruiser 5 destroyers 1 battleship 1 heavy cruiser 3 light cruisers 9 destroyers Casualties 1 battlecruiser sunk 1 battleship lightly damaged 1 heavy cruiser lightly damaged 1 light cruiser lightly damaged 1 destroyer lightly damaged In the World...
USS McFaul underway in the Atlantic Ocean. ...
Erich Bey with Ritterkreuz Konteradmiral Erich Bey (23 March 1898-26 December 1943) was a German naval officer who most notably served as a commander of Nazi Germanys destroyer flotillas and who led the German force in the Battle of North Cape on 26 December 1943, during which the...
Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, hidden, and analýein, to loosen or to untie) is the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted information without access to the secret information which is normally required to do so. ...
Flag of the Lord High Admiral The Admiralty was formerly the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. ...
USS Port Royal (CG-73), a Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser (really an uprated guided missile destroyer), launched in 1992. ...
Belfast at her London berth in 2004. ...
A long absence of a Norfolk in the Royal Navy was finally ended in the commissioning of County-class heavy cruiser HMS Norfolk (78), which displaced 10,035 tons. ...
HMS Sheffield (24) was a Southampton class cruiser in the Royal Navy during the Second World War. ...
This page is a List of World War II British naval radar. ...
In order to try to get around the cruisers to the convoy, Bey ordered Scharnhorst to take a southeast course away from the cruisers. In the late afternoon, the convoy's covering force, including the British battleship HMS Duke of York, made contact and opened fire. Despite suffering the loss of its hangar and a turret, Scharnhorst temporarily increased its distance from its pursuers. The Duke of York caught up again and fired again - the second salvo wrecked the "A" turret, detonating the charges in "A" magazine which led to the same in "B" magazine. Partial flooding of the magazines quenched the explosions. No Royal Navy ship received any serious damage, though the flagship was frequently straddled, and one of her masts was smashed by an 11-inch shell. At 18:00 Scharnhorst's main battery went silent; at 18:20 another round from Duke of York destroyed a boiler room, reducing Scharnhorst's speed to about 22 knots (41 km/h) and leaving her open to attacks from the destroyers. But battered and crippled as she was, her secondary armament was still firing wildly as the cruiser HMS Jamaica and the destroyers Musketeer, Matchless, Opportune, and Virago closed and launched torpedoes. Duke of York fired her 77th salvo at 19:28 at Scharnhorst. Fifty-two torpedoes had been fired, but the last three by Jamaica at 19:37 from under two miles (3 km) range was the final crippling blow. Scharnhorst sank at 19:45 hours on 26 December 1943 with her propellers still turning. Of a total complement of 1,968 men, only 36 survivors - none an officer - were rescued from the frigid seas; 30 by HMS Scorpion and 6 by Matchless. HMS Duke of York was a King George V-class battleship of the Royal Navy, and the second of the name, the predecessor having been a 4-gun cutter purchased in 1763 and sold in 1766. ...
HMS Jamaica (C44), a Crown Colony class cruiser of the Royal Navy, is named after Jamaica when it used to be part of the British Empire. ...
is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Ten vessels of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Scorpion, after the scorpion. ...
HNoMS Stord (Royal Norwegian Navy) and HMS Scorpion fired their torpedoes from an easterly direction. Stord fired her eight torpedoes as she was about 1,500 yards (1,400 m) from Scharnhorst, while also firing with her guns and scoring hits. HNoMS Stord was an S-class 2400 ton destroyer in the service of the Royal Norwegian Navy during World War II. She was lauched 4 April 1943 as HMS Success, but was rechristened HNoMS Stord when she was commissioned in the Norwegian Navy on 26 August 1943. ...
Ranks Norwegian military ranks The Royal Norwegian Navy (often abbreviated as RNoN) is the branch of the Norwegian Defence Force responsible for naval operations. ...
After the battle, Admiral Fraser sent the following message to the Admiralty: "... Please convey to the C-in-C Norwegian Navy. Stord played a very daring role in the fight and I am very proud of her...". In an interview in The Evening News on 5 February 1944 the commanding officer of HMS Duke of York said: "... the Norwegian destroyer Stord carried out the most daring attack of the whole action...". is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Later that evening, Admiral Bruce Fraser briefed his officers on board Duke of York: "Gentlemen, the battle against Scharnhorst has ended in victory for us. I hope that if any of you are ever called upon to lead a ship into action against an opponent many times superior, you will command your ship as gallantly as Scharnhorst was commanded today". Bruce Fraser, Baron Fraser of North Cape (February 5, 1888–February 12, 1981) was a senior British admiral during World War II. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Home Fleet during the later stages of the naval war in Europe, and during that period he commanded the fleet that...
Ironically, the namesake for Scharnhorst, Gerhard von Scharnhorst had served as a young lieutenant under the namesake for Duke of York, Duke of York in the Netherlands in 1793. Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst (November 12, 1755 - June 28, 1813) was a general in Prussian service, Chief of the Prussian General Staff, noted for both his writings and his leadership during the Napoleonic Wars. ...
The Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany (Frederick Augustus) (16 August 1763 - 5 January 1827) was a member of the British Royal Family, the second eldest child, and second son, of King George III. From 1820 until his death in 1827, he was the heir presumptive to his elder...
On 3 October 2000, the submerged wreck of Scharnhorst was located at about 72°16′N, 28°41′E, approximately 70 nautical miles (130 km) north-northeast of North Cape at a depth of nearly 300 m and photographed by the Royal Norwegian Navy. is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ...
Midnight sun at the North Cape North Cape (foreground), Knivskjellodden (background) North Cape is a cape on the island of Magerøya in northern Norway, in the community of Nordkapp. ...
Ranks Norwegian military ranks The Royal Norwegian Navy (often abbreviated as RNoN) is the branch of the Norwegian Defence Force responsible for naval operations. ...
Commanding Officers (Promoted to KADM 1 October 1943.) This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Otto Ciliax (30 October 1891 - 12 December 1964) was an admiral in the German Navy. ...
is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 90th day of the year (91st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Counter Admiral is an Anglification of a naval rank found in some European navies; in the Deutsche Marine: Konteradmiral. ...
is the 90th day of the year (91st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
References - ^ The battlecruiser classification came from the Royal Navy, the German Kriegsmarine classification was Schlachtschiff( battleship).
- ^ Scharnhorst General Information from www.scharnhorst-class.dk
- Historical Center, Department of the U.S. Navy public domain publication.
For other uses, see Battleship (disambiguation). ...
Bibliography - Breyer, Siegfried, Battleships and Battlecruisers 1905-1970. (Doubleday and Company; Garden City, New York, 1973) (originally published in German as Schlachtschiffe und Schlachtkreuzer 1905-1970, J.F. Lehmanns, Verlag, Munchen, 1970). Contains various line drawings of the ship as designed and as built.
- Busch, Fritz-Otto, The Sinking of the Scharnhorst. (Robert Hale, London, 1956) ISBN 0-86007-130-8. The story of the Battle of North Cape and the final battle as told by a Scharnhorst survivor.
- Claasen, A. R. A., Hitler's Northern War: The Luftwaffe's Ill-Fated Campaign, 1940-1945. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2001. pp 228-234. ISBN 0-7006-1050-2
- Garzke, Willliam H., Jr. and Robert O. Dulin, Jr., Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II. (Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 1985). Includes the design and operational histories, information on the guns, and other design and statistical information about the ship.
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